Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to a group of RNAs that are usually more than 200 nucleotides and are not involved in protein generation. Instead, lncRNAs are involved in different regulatory processes, such as...Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to a group of RNAs that are usually more than 200 nucleotides and are not involved in protein generation. Instead, lncRNAs are involved in different regulatory processes, such as regulation of gene expression. Different lncRNAs exist throughout the genome. LncRNAs are also known for their roles in different human diseases such as cancer. HOTAIR is an lncRNA that plays a role as an oncogenic molecule in different cancer ceils, such as breast, gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancer cells. Therefore, HOTAIR expression level is a potential biomarker for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in several cancers. This RNA takes part in epigenetic regulation of genes and plays an important role in different cellular pathways by interacting with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). In this review, we describe the molecular function and regulation of HOTAIR and its role in different types of cancers.展开更多
Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecu...Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecule markers for Isoniazid (INH) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, mutations to these genes have not been thoroughly studied in China, and epidemiological evidence of their expression levels are especially lacking in the southwest of China, which has a high TB burden within the population. Methods MTB isolates were obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the TB dispensary and Chest hospital in Chongqing city between June 2003 and June 2006. Proportion methods were used to test the sensitivity to INH, RFP, SM and EMB of cultured MTB. A total of 100 MTB isolates were also randomly selected for analysis of the molecular mutation spectrum of katG by DNA sequencing. Results Totally 1 089 MTB isolates that completed positive sputum cultures and evaluated for their sensitivity to the four first-line drugs among 2 777 patients with TB. The prevalence of DR-TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were 27.7% (302/1 089) and 7.3% (79/1 089), respectively. The resistance to anti-TB drugs was found to be highest for SM (16.3%) and INH (14.0%). There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to RFP and EMB (P〈0.01), and an increase in MDR-TB between June 2003 and June 2004 and between July 2005 and June 2006. The total mutation rate of katG315 was 75"5% (37/49) in INH-resistant MTB, and mutation sites included $315T, $315N and $315I with mutation rates of 81.1% (30/37), 13.5% (5/37) and 5.4% (2/37), respectively No katG315 mutants were found in any of the 48 INH-sensitive MTB. Our preliminary diagnostic results suggest that mutations in katG315 may potentially serve as molecular markers that can be used to diagnose the resistance to anti-TB drug of INH. Conclusion In the Chongqing, DR-TB and MDR-TB are increasing, and are becoming key problems for tuberculosis control. The use of katG315 mutations as potential molecule markers for drug resistance to INH may help improve patient treatment and decrease the spread of the disease展开更多
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional gene regulators. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to a series of diseases, including various types of canc...MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional gene regulators. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to a series of diseases, including various types of cancer. Since their discovery in the miRNAs of cancer patients, there has been a steady increase in the study of miRNAs as stable, noninvasive biomarkers. Although several challenges remain to be concerned, miRNAs could be useful, non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnostics and prognosis. In this review, we summarized the discovery of miRNAs and their potential as biomarkers. We discussed their possible structural, function and further emphasized the significance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC).展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are emerging as pivotal modulators in virtually all aspects of cardiac biology,from cardiac development to cardiomyocyte survival and hypertrophy.The miRNA profiling,fol...MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are emerging as pivotal modulators in virtually all aspects of cardiac biology,from cardiac development to cardiomyocyte survival and hypertrophy.The miRNA profiling,following gain-and loss-of-function studies using in vitro and in vivo models,has identified wide-ranging functions for miRNAs in the heart,providing new perspectives on their contributions to cardiac pathogenesis,and revealing potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.This review summarizes current progress in regulation of miRNAs in heart development and disease.展开更多
Rapid and sensitive detection of various analytes is in high demand.Apart from its application in genome editing,CRISPR-Cas also shows promises in nucleic acid detection applications.To further exploit the potential o...Rapid and sensitive detection of various analytes is in high demand.Apart from its application in genome editing,CRISPR-Cas also shows promises in nucleic acid detection applications.To further exploit the potential of CRISPR-Cas for detection of diverse analytes,we present a versatile biosensing platform that couples the excellent affinity of aptamers for broad-range analytes with the collateral single-strand DNA cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12 a.We demonstrated that the biosensors developed by this platform can be used to detect protein and small molecule in human serum with a complicated background,i.e.,the tumor marker alpha fetoprotein and cocaine with the detection limits of 0.07 fmol/L and 0.34 lmol/L,respectively,highlighting the advantages of simplicity,sensitivity,short detection time,and low cost compared with the state-of-the-art biosensing approaches.Altogether,this biosensing platform with plug-and-play design show great potential in the detection of diverse analytes.展开更多
文摘Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to a group of RNAs that are usually more than 200 nucleotides and are not involved in protein generation. Instead, lncRNAs are involved in different regulatory processes, such as regulation of gene expression. Different lncRNAs exist throughout the genome. LncRNAs are also known for their roles in different human diseases such as cancer. HOTAIR is an lncRNA that plays a role as an oncogenic molecule in different cancer ceils, such as breast, gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancer cells. Therefore, HOTAIR expression level is a potential biomarker for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in several cancers. This RNA takes part in epigenetic regulation of genes and plays an important role in different cellular pathways by interacting with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). In this review, we describe the molecular function and regulation of HOTAIR and its role in different types of cancers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700685)the Medical Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Health Bureau(2009-1-06)
文摘Background The epidemiological characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is fundamental to improving the prevention and control of DR-TB. Mutations in katG315 is thought to be the most predictive molecule markers for Isoniazid (INH) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, mutations to these genes have not been thoroughly studied in China, and epidemiological evidence of their expression levels are especially lacking in the southwest of China, which has a high TB burden within the population. Methods MTB isolates were obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the TB dispensary and Chest hospital in Chongqing city between June 2003 and June 2006. Proportion methods were used to test the sensitivity to INH, RFP, SM and EMB of cultured MTB. A total of 100 MTB isolates were also randomly selected for analysis of the molecular mutation spectrum of katG by DNA sequencing. Results Totally 1 089 MTB isolates that completed positive sputum cultures and evaluated for their sensitivity to the four first-line drugs among 2 777 patients with TB. The prevalence of DR-TB and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were 27.7% (302/1 089) and 7.3% (79/1 089), respectively. The resistance to anti-TB drugs was found to be highest for SM (16.3%) and INH (14.0%). There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to RFP and EMB (P〈0.01), and an increase in MDR-TB between June 2003 and June 2004 and between July 2005 and June 2006. The total mutation rate of katG315 was 75"5% (37/49) in INH-resistant MTB, and mutation sites included $315T, $315N and $315I with mutation rates of 81.1% (30/37), 13.5% (5/37) and 5.4% (2/37), respectively No katG315 mutants were found in any of the 48 INH-sensitive MTB. Our preliminary diagnostic results suggest that mutations in katG315 may potentially serve as molecular markers that can be used to diagnose the resistance to anti-TB drug of INH. Conclusion In the Chongqing, DR-TB and MDR-TB are increasing, and are becoming key problems for tuberculosis control. The use of katG315 mutations as potential molecule markers for drug resistance to INH may help improve patient treatment and decrease the spread of the disease
文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional gene regulators. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to a series of diseases, including various types of cancer. Since their discovery in the miRNAs of cancer patients, there has been a steady increase in the study of miRNAs as stable, noninvasive biomarkers. Although several challenges remain to be concerned, miRNAs could be useful, non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnostics and prognosis. In this review, we summarized the discovery of miRNAs and their potential as biomarkers. We discussed their possible structural, function and further emphasized the significance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81070103)National Natural Science Foundation of Major International Cooperation Projects in China (Grant No. 81120108003) to Yu XiYong
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are emerging as pivotal modulators in virtually all aspects of cardiac biology,from cardiac development to cardiomyocyte survival and hypertrophy.The miRNA profiling,following gain-and loss-of-function studies using in vitro and in vivo models,has identified wide-ranging functions for miRNAs in the heart,providing new perspectives on their contributions to cardiac pathogenesis,and revealing potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.This review summarizes current progress in regulation of miRNAs in heart development and disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770055, 31922002, 31720103901, and 31772242)the 111 Project (B18022)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (22221818014)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (18JC1411900)the Young Scientists Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2016087) to Weishan Wangthe Shandong Taishan Scholar Program of China to Lixin Zhangthe Open Project Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
文摘Rapid and sensitive detection of various analytes is in high demand.Apart from its application in genome editing,CRISPR-Cas also shows promises in nucleic acid detection applications.To further exploit the potential of CRISPR-Cas for detection of diverse analytes,we present a versatile biosensing platform that couples the excellent affinity of aptamers for broad-range analytes with the collateral single-strand DNA cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12 a.We demonstrated that the biosensors developed by this platform can be used to detect protein and small molecule in human serum with a complicated background,i.e.,the tumor marker alpha fetoprotein and cocaine with the detection limits of 0.07 fmol/L and 0.34 lmol/L,respectively,highlighting the advantages of simplicity,sensitivity,short detection time,and low cost compared with the state-of-the-art biosensing approaches.Altogether,this biosensing platform with plug-and-play design show great potential in the detection of diverse analytes.