基于元素和化学键的临界体积估算新方法

提出了一种基于元素和化学键的估算有机物临界体积的新方法。在有机物临界体积实验数据的基础上,回归出了两个临界体积估算式和估算式的参数值。对300余种有机物的临界体积进行了计算,其平均百分误差分别为2.675 5％和3.077 1％,总体估算精度明显优于相比较的基团贡献法,对酸类、酮类、醚类化合物的估算精度与其它基团贡献法相当,对烷烃类、环烃类、卤代烃类、含氮类,尤其是对醛类、酯类化合物的估算误差明显减小。

A universal thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in aqueous solutions and its applications in binary and ternary aqueous solutions

A universal thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solution was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory and verified in four kinds of binary aqueous solutions and two kinds of ternary aqueous solutions. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in four binary aqueous solutions and two ternary solutions at 298.15 K have good agreement with the reported activity data from literatures after shifting the standard state and concentration unit. Therefore, the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples from the developed universal thermodynamic model for ternary and binary aqueous solutions can be applied to predict reaction ability of components in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions. It is also proved that the assumptions applied in the developed thermodynamic model are correct and reasonable, i.e., strong electrolyte aqueous solution is composed of cations and anions as simple ions, H2O as simple molecule and other hydrous salt compounds as complex molecules. The calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in ternary and binary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions strictly follow the mass action law.

DFT Study on Molecular Structures and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms of Novel Antioxidants from Lespedeza Virgata

The molecular structure and radical scavenging activity of three novel antioxidants from Lespedeza Virgata, lespedezavirgatol, lespedezavirgatal, and lespedezacoumestan, have been studied using density functional theory with the B3LYP and BhandHLYP methods. The optimized geometries of neutral, radical cation, radical and anion forms were obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level, in which it was found that all the most stable conformations contain intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The same results were obtained from the MP2 method. The homolytic O-H bond dissociation enthalpy and the adiabatic ionization potential of neutral and anion forms for the three new antioxidants and adiabatic electron affinity and H-atom affinity for hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydrogen peroxide radical were determined both in gas phase and in aqueous solution using IEF-PCM and CPCM model with UAHF or Bondi cavity. The antioxidant activities and reactive oxygen species scavenging mechanisms were then discussed, and the results obtained from different methods are consistent. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities are consistent with the experimental findings of the compounds under investigation.

酞酸酯类化合物在不同温度下蒸气压的定量预测模型研究

依照经济合作与发展组织(OECD)关于定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)模型的构建和使用导则,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)法进行变量筛选和回归分析,建立了不同温度下酞酸酯类化合物(PAEs)蒸气压的定量预测模型。模型仅包含温度、相对分子质量、氢原子最高净正电荷3个参数。模型的应用域(AD)可由williams图较好地表征。结果表明,温度和相对分子质量是影响PAEs蒸气压的主要因素,且温度越高、相对分子质量越小时,蒸气压越大。内部验证与外部验证结果表明该模型具有良好的稳健性和预测能力。

Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory for Molecular Structure Calculations

We give here an overview of the orbital-flee density functional theory that is used for modeling atoms and molecules. We review typical approximations to the kinetic energy, exchange-correlation corrections to the kinetic and Hartree energies, and constructions of the pseudopotentials. We discuss numerical discretizations for the orbital-free methods and include several numerical results for illustrations.

Inner Structure of Statistical Gauge Potential in Chern-Simons-Ginzburg-Landau Theory

Based on the decomposition theory of the U（1） gauge potential, the inner structure of the statistical gauge potential in the Chern-Simons-Ginzburg-Landau （CSGL） theory is studied. We give a new creation mechanism of the statistical gauge potential, Furthermore, making use of the b-mapping topological current theory, we obtain the precise topological expression of the statistical magnetic field, which takes the topological information of the vortices.

Electronic and Optical Properties of Cubic SrHfO_3

In order to clarify the mechanism of optical transitions for cubic SrHfO_3, we have investigated the electronicstructure and optical properties of cubic SrHfO_3 using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on thefirst-principles density-functional theory (DFT).The ground-state properties, obtained by minimizing the total energy,are in favorable agreement with the previous work.From the band structure and charge densities as well as the theoryof crystal-field and molecular-orbital bonding, we have systematically studied how the optical transitions are affected bythe electronic structure and molecular orbitals.Our calculated complex dielectric function is in good agreement withthe experimental data and the optical transitions are in accord with the electronic structure.

Application of Thermal Cracking Mechanism of Chrysene Molecule Using Density Functional Theory

Density functional theory calculations were carried out to study the thermal cracking for chrysene molecule to estimate the bond energies for breaking C 10b-C 11, C 11-H 11 and C4a-C 12a bonds as well as the activation energies. It was found that for C 10b-C 11 C11-HI 1 and C4a-C12a reactions, it is often possible to identify one pathway for bond breakage through the singlet or triplet states. Thus, the C 11-H11 and C11-C10b bonds ruptured in triplet state whilst the C12a-C4a in singlet state. Also, it was fond that the activation energy value for C4a-C12a bond breakage is lower than required for C10b-C11 and C11-H11 bonds that enquired the C4a-C12a bond ＂bridge bond＂ is a weaker and ruptured firstly in thermal cracking process. It seems that the characteristic planarity for polyaromatic hydrocarbons is an important factor to acquire the molecule structure the required stability along the reaction paths as well as the full octet rule and Clar＇s n-sextet structure, especially when chrysene molecular lose the property of planarity. The atomic charges supported the observation that the breaking bonds C10b-C11, CI1-H11 and C4a-C12a in triplet or singlet states. The configurations in transition state and the conformation for the end products reaction were explained and discussed.

Calculations of stability of alloyed cementite from valance electron structure

Based on the empirical electronic theory of solids and molecules （EET）, the actual model for unit cell of cementite （0-FeaC） was built and the valence electron structures （VES） of cementite with specified site and a number of Fe atoms substituted by alloying atoms of M （ M=Cr, V, W, Mo, Mn ） were computed by statistical method. By defining P as the stability factor, the stability of alloyed cementite with different numbers and sites of Fe atoms substituted by M was calculated. Calculation results show that the density of lattice electrons, the symmetry of distribution of covalent electron pairs and bond energy have huge influence on the stability of alloyed cementite. It is more stable as M substitutes for FeE than for Fe1. The alloyed cementite is the most stable when Cr, Mo, W and V substitute for 2 atoms of Fe2 at the sites of Nos. 2 and 3 （or No. 6 and No. 7）. The stability of alloyed cementite decreases gradually as being substitutional doped by W, Cr, V, Mo and Mn.

Substituent Effects on the Photocatalytic Properties of a Symmetric Covalent Organic Framework

Symmetric covalent organic framework(COF)photocatalysts generally suffer from inefficient charge separation and short-lived photoexcited states.By performing density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)calculations,we find that partial substitution with one or two substituents(N or NH_(2))in the linkage of the representative symmetric COF(N_(0)-COF)gives rise to the separation of charge carriers in the resulting COFs(i.e.,N_(1)-COF,N_(2)-COF,(NH_(2))1-N_(0)-COF,and(NH_(2))2-N_(0)-COF).Moreover,we also find that the energy levels of the highest occupied crystal orbital(HOCO)and the lowest unoccupied crystal orbital(LUCO)of the N_(0)-COF can shift away from or toward the vacuum level,depending on the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating characters of the substituent.Therefore,we propose that partial substitution with carefully chosen electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents in the linkages of symmetric COFs can lead to efficient charge separation as well as appropriate HOCO and LUCO positions of the generated COFs for specific photocatalytic reactions.The proposed rule can be utilized to further boost the photocatalytic performance of many symmetric COFs.

影响有机污染物在空气颗粒物与空气之间分配行为的分子间作用力

有机污染物在空气颗粒物与空气之间的分配系数(Kp)对于描述其在大气中的行为具有重要意义,是进行生态风险评价的基础数据.基于18种正构烷烃、21种多氯联苯、16种二英类化合物和13种多环芳烃的Kp值,采用理论分子结构描述符和偏最小二乘(PLS)回归,建立了Kp的多参数线性自由能关系(LFER)模型.该模型具有较好的稳健性和预测能力,可用于结构类似化合物Kp值的预测,并有利于对分配机理的解释.结果表明,色散力是影响有机化合物在空气和颗粒物相间分配的主要因素,电荷转移作用和分子位阻大小对Kp值也有一定影响.同时,对不同种类化合物分别建模,结果表明,影响几类化合物分配的机理相似,偶极-偶极、偶极-诱导偶极作用对正构烷烃、PCBs和PCDD/Fs的KP值有微弱的贡献.

高转动态对Franck—Condon因子的影响

在核运动的波动方程中,计入了分子的转动因素时,得出与转动量子数有关的波函数表达式。从而可计算含转动自由度时具有重要意义的Franck-Condon因子。

Theoretical studies on high energetic density nitramine explosives containing pyridine

The insensitive property of explosives containing pyfidine is combined with the high energy of nitramine explosives, and the concept of new nitramine explosives containing pyridine is proposed, into which nitramine group with N-N bonds is intro- duced as much as possible. Based on molecular structures of nitramine compounds containing pyridine, density functional the- ory （DFT） calculation method was applied to study designed molecules at B3LYP/6-31＋G（d） level. The geometric and elec- tronic structures, density, heats of formation （HOF）, detonation performance and bond dissociation energies （BDE） were investigated and comparable to 1,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazinane （RDX） and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane （HMX）. The simulation results reveal that molecules B and D perform similarly to traditionally used RDX. Molecule E outperform RDX, with performance that approach that of HMX and may be considered as potential candidate of high energy density compound （HEDC）. These results provide basic information for molecular design of novel high energetic density compounds.

Calculation of Excited States of He Atoms in a Strong Magnetic Field

A recently developed B-spline algorithm is extended and utilized to calculate excited states of He atoms in the presence of strong magnetic fields.Binding energies are presented for He in the five excited atomic states 210-+,110-,210-,11(-1)+,and 2 1(1) + with magnetic field strength ranging from 0.0001 to 10 a.u.The obtained energies are compared with available theoretical data,and found to be in good agreement.We investigate influence of magnetic fields on atomic structures of multielectron atoms,and illustrate that how electron probability density distributions change with increasing magnetic field strength.The current approach is directly applicable to simulations of discrete spectra for He atoms in the atmospheres of magnetized white dwarf stars.