[Objective] The aim was to select suitable gene for Chlorella identification and to identify the oil-producing microalgae.[Method] Four candidate gene sequences,the nuclear genomic rDNA of the 18S rRNA gene,internal t...[Objective] The aim was to select suitable gene for Chlorella identification and to identify the oil-producing microalgae.[Method] Four candidate gene sequences,the nuclear genomic rDNA of the 18S rRNA gene,internal transcribed spacer（ITS）,internal transcribed spacer Ⅱ（ITS Ⅱ）and the chloroplast rbcL gene,were selected for Chlorella molecular identification.Through these four candidate genes,the genetic variability and distinguish ability between intra-species and inter-species was analyzed to choose the right genes for identification of the high oil-content Chlorella.On this basis,application of these gene segments were classified and identified for five fresh-water isolated Chlorella,which oil-content is more than 30%.[Result] ITS gene was a suitable gene because of its high variation and short fragment length,meanwhile its genetic distance intra-species（0.439 6±0.135 9）was larger than inter-species（0.045 7±0.084 3）.Its sequence length varied between different species whereas highly conserved in the same species.By the application of ITS sequences,respectively,five high oil-content stains were identified as one C.vulgaris,two strains of C.sorokiniana and two strains of algae Chlorella sp.[Conclusion] This study had provided reference for the establishment of identification gene pool of Chlorella.展开更多
Green tides are caused by the proliferation of chlorophytes under suitable hydrographic conditions.These blooms lead to environmental degradation and negatively impact the waters and seagrass beds,as well as fishing a...Green tides are caused by the proliferation of chlorophytes under suitable hydrographic conditions.These blooms lead to environmental degradation and negatively impact the waters and seagrass beds,as well as fishing and other recreational activities in the bay.A comprehensive ecological understanding of the bloom dynamics,including the origin and persistence,is needed to foster management decisions.The algae in the great majority of green tide blooms usually belong to two genera of Ulvophyceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha.Ulva has been observed more often in recent years.In China,green tides occurred for the first time in the middle area of the Yellow Sea in 2007,and a large-scale algae blooming broke out in the middle and southern areas of the Yellow Sea in late May 2008.We identified them as Ulva prolifera by comparative analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),5.8S and ITS2 sequences in combination with microscopic observation.Morphological differences were found between the free-floating algae and the attached thalli.Various reproduction patterns of the free-floating algae include sexual,asexual and vegetative propagations,which played important roles in the long-term green tide persistence in China.The ITS sequences of the blooming algae were identical to those of the samples from the Lianyungang sea area but were different from the attached samples from the Qingdao sea area.The results infer that the blooms are originated from other sea areas rather than from the local attached populations.展开更多
We investigate the entanglement properties between two identical atoms with cascade configuration through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction in free space when their spatial separation is on the order of radiation...We investigate the entanglement properties between two identical atoms with cascade configuration through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction in free space when their spatial separation is on the order of radiation wavelength or less. We analyze the function of Hamiltonian induced by dipole-dipole interaction. By solving master equation, we show that the spontaneous emission induce entanglement and destroy entanglement too. We also show the long life time of entanglement within cascade configuration.展开更多
Restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） profiles of the amplified products of Internal Transcribed Spacer （ITS） region of rDNA using four restriction enzymes （Alul, Rsal, HinfI and HhaI） revealed distinc...Restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） profiles of the amplified products of Internal Transcribed Spacer （ITS） region of rDNA using four restriction enzymes （Alul, Rsal, HinfI and HhaI） revealed distinctness of six Indian isolates of Steinernema one each from Maharashtra （IARI-EPN-mh）, Himachal Pradesh （IARI-EPN-hp）, Dehradun （IARI-EPN-dhdl）, Jharkhand （IARI-EPN-jhl） and two from Madhya Pradesh （IARI-EPN-bpll ＆ IARI-EPN-gwll）, when compared with the only native species Steinernema thermophilum. One of the restriction enzyme, Rsal could differentiate all the six species/strains from one another. The three restriction enzymes yielded patterns which were of diagnostic value but Rsal appeared to be the best diagnostic marker for differentiating these isolates. A tree constructed based upon the band sharing amongst the isolates, produced trichotomy which placed strains from Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand in one group showing 94% homology, one strain from Bhopal （M.P） formed separate clade along with S. thermophilum with 72% similarity. These isolates, from Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh and Dehradun, showed only 51% similarity with the S. thermophilum by forming separate clade.展开更多
Tomato seedlings damping-off is a limiting factor in commercial greenhouse production. To determine the causal agents of disease, sampling and fungal isolation were performed during 2012. Samples were collected from i...Tomato seedlings damping-off is a limiting factor in commercial greenhouse production. To determine the causal agents of disease, sampling and fungal isolation were performed during 2012. Samples were collected from infected seedlings growing in greenhouses in the Syrian coastal region. Isolation of fungi was done in the laboratories of the Agronomical Reaserch Center, in Lattakia and the molecular analyses were done in the Biotechnology Center at Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria, during the years 2012, 2013. Eight isolates ofPythium sp. obtained were purified using hyphal tip method （named P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8）. Isolates were morphologically identified by optical microscope, then molecularly Characterized using genus specific ITS primers. The results of morphological characterization of pathogenic species suggested the detection of Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum. The analysis of DNAs from the different isolates with ITS primers, recognizing the inter transcript spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA proved that the eight, isolates were belonging to the species P. ultimum. The complete sequences of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers regions of selected isolates were determined and submitted to GenBank. The GenBank-BLAST homology search revealed P. ultimum as the most similar sequence （〉 96% identity） with GenBank entry AB355596.展开更多
We propose a scheme to implement ancilla-free 1 to 2 optimal phase covariant quantum cloning with atoms trapped in cavities.In the scheme the W-class state of three atoms,which are individually trapped in three spatia...We propose a scheme to implement ancilla-free 1 to 2 optimal phase covariant quantum cloning with atoms trapped in cavities.In the scheme the W-class state of three atoms,which are individually trapped in three spatially separated cavities,is deterministically generated.Then by the use of this W-class state and detection of the atomic state,an optimal ancilla-free 1 to 2 phase-covariant quantum cloning between two spatially separated trapped atoms can be realized.The scheme is robust for atomic spontaneous decay,cavity decay and photon leakage out of the fiber.In principle,an M+1-atom W-class state can be generated by using such an approach.Thus this scheme also can be generalized to implement 1 to M ancilla-free phase-covariant quantum cloning.展开更多
Starting from a rudimentary quantum-networks model that consists of two two-level confined atoms locating respectively in spatially-separated cavities coupled by fiber,we investigate the complex entanglement character...Starting from a rudimentary quantum-networks model that consists of two two-level confined atoms locating respectively in spatially-separated cavities coupled by fiber,we investigate the complex entanglement characteristics of the composite system analytically under the maximally initial entangled state that generates two excitations simultaneously during the temporal-evolution process.Our calculation clearly shows that,through mediating the atom-cavity coupling strength and photon-photon hopping rate appropriately,the entanglement dynamics displays some distinctive temporal properties differing from those obtained in one-excitation space,characterized partially by these newly quantum phenomena termed as entanglement sudden death and recurrence.Effectively,within the framework of two excitations,we suggest the purposeful manipulations of atomic entanglement communication for quantum networks.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KGCX2-YW-374-3)Scientific and Technological Project of Shandong Province(2008GG20007002)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to select suitable gene for Chlorella identification and to identify the oil-producing microalgae.[Method] Four candidate gene sequences,the nuclear genomic rDNA of the 18S rRNA gene,internal transcribed spacer（ITS）,internal transcribed spacer Ⅱ（ITS Ⅱ）and the chloroplast rbcL gene,were selected for Chlorella molecular identification.Through these four candidate genes,the genetic variability and distinguish ability between intra-species and inter-species was analyzed to choose the right genes for identification of the high oil-content Chlorella.On this basis,application of these gene segments were classified and identified for five fresh-water isolated Chlorella,which oil-content is more than 30%.[Result] ITS gene was a suitable gene because of its high variation and short fragment length,meanwhile its genetic distance intra-species（0.439 6±0.135 9）was larger than inter-species（0.045 7±0.084 3）.Its sequence length varied between different species whereas highly conserved in the same species.By the application of ITS sequences,respectively,five high oil-content stains were identified as one C.vulgaris,two strains of C.sorokiniana and two strains of algae Chlorella sp.[Conclusion] This study had provided reference for the establishment of identification gene pool of Chlorella.
基金supported by ShanDong Province Important Science & Technology Specific Project (No.2008ZHZX1A1203)Science & Technology Specific Project of Qingdao (No.08-1-7-2-hy,No.09-2-5-3-hy)
文摘Green tides are caused by the proliferation of chlorophytes under suitable hydrographic conditions.These blooms lead to environmental degradation and negatively impact the waters and seagrass beds,as well as fishing and other recreational activities in the bay.A comprehensive ecological understanding of the bloom dynamics,including the origin and persistence,is needed to foster management decisions.The algae in the great majority of green tide blooms usually belong to two genera of Ulvophyceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha.Ulva has been observed more often in recent years.In China,green tides occurred for the first time in the middle area of the Yellow Sea in 2007,and a large-scale algae blooming broke out in the middle and southern areas of the Yellow Sea in late May 2008.We identified them as Ulva prolifera by comparative analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),5.8S and ITS2 sequences in combination with microscopic observation.Morphological differences were found between the free-floating algae and the attached thalli.Various reproduction patterns of the free-floating algae include sexual,asexual and vegetative propagations,which played important roles in the long-term green tide persistence in China.The ITS sequences of the blooming algae were identical to those of the samples from the Lianyungang sea area but were different from the attached samples from the Qingdao sea area.The results infer that the blooms are originated from other sea areas rather than from the local attached populations.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province of China under Grant No. 2009021005
文摘We investigate the entanglement properties between two identical atoms with cascade configuration through the retarded dipole-dipole interaction in free space when their spatial separation is on the order of radiation wavelength or less. We analyze the function of Hamiltonian induced by dipole-dipole interaction. By solving master equation, we show that the spontaneous emission induce entanglement and destroy entanglement too. We also show the long life time of entanglement within cascade configuration.
文摘Restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） profiles of the amplified products of Internal Transcribed Spacer （ITS） region of rDNA using four restriction enzymes （Alul, Rsal, HinfI and HhaI） revealed distinctness of six Indian isolates of Steinernema one each from Maharashtra （IARI-EPN-mh）, Himachal Pradesh （IARI-EPN-hp）, Dehradun （IARI-EPN-dhdl）, Jharkhand （IARI-EPN-jhl） and two from Madhya Pradesh （IARI-EPN-bpll ＆ IARI-EPN-gwll）, when compared with the only native species Steinernema thermophilum. One of the restriction enzyme, Rsal could differentiate all the six species/strains from one another. The three restriction enzymes yielded patterns which were of diagnostic value but Rsal appeared to be the best diagnostic marker for differentiating these isolates. A tree constructed based upon the band sharing amongst the isolates, produced trichotomy which placed strains from Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand in one group showing 94% homology, one strain from Bhopal （M.P） formed separate clade along with S. thermophilum with 72% similarity. These isolates, from Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh and Dehradun, showed only 51% similarity with the S. thermophilum by forming separate clade.
文摘Tomato seedlings damping-off is a limiting factor in commercial greenhouse production. To determine the causal agents of disease, sampling and fungal isolation were performed during 2012. Samples were collected from infected seedlings growing in greenhouses in the Syrian coastal region. Isolation of fungi was done in the laboratories of the Agronomical Reaserch Center, in Lattakia and the molecular analyses were done in the Biotechnology Center at Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria, during the years 2012, 2013. Eight isolates ofPythium sp. obtained were purified using hyphal tip method （named P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8）. Isolates were morphologically identified by optical microscope, then molecularly Characterized using genus specific ITS primers. The results of morphological characterization of pathogenic species suggested the detection of Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum. The analysis of DNAs from the different isolates with ITS primers, recognizing the inter transcript spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA proved that the eight, isolates were belonging to the species P. ultimum. The complete sequences of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers regions of selected isolates were determined and submitted to GenBank. The GenBank-BLAST homology search revealed P. ultimum as the most similar sequence （〉 96% identity） with GenBank entry AB355596.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11074002)the Personal Development Foundation of Anhui Province (Grant No.2008Z018)
文摘We propose a scheme to implement ancilla-free 1 to 2 optimal phase covariant quantum cloning with atoms trapped in cavities.In the scheme the W-class state of three atoms,which are individually trapped in three spatially separated cavities,is deterministically generated.Then by the use of this W-class state and detection of the atomic state,an optimal ancilla-free 1 to 2 phase-covariant quantum cloning between two spatially separated trapped atoms can be realized.The scheme is robust for atomic spontaneous decay,cavity decay and photon leakage out of the fiber.In principle,an M+1-atom W-class state can be generated by using such an approach.Thus this scheme also can be generalized to implement 1 to M ancilla-free phase-covariant quantum cloning.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB921900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10574166)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 8151027501000062)
文摘Starting from a rudimentary quantum-networks model that consists of two two-level confined atoms locating respectively in spatially-separated cavities coupled by fiber,we investigate the complex entanglement characteristics of the composite system analytically under the maximally initial entangled state that generates two excitations simultaneously during the temporal-evolution process.Our calculation clearly shows that,through mediating the atom-cavity coupling strength and photon-photon hopping rate appropriately,the entanglement dynamics displays some distinctive temporal properties differing from those obtained in one-excitation space,characterized partially by these newly quantum phenomena termed as entanglement sudden death and recurrence.Effectively,within the framework of two excitations,we suggest the purposeful manipulations of atomic entanglement communication for quantum networks.
