蒸汽发生器给水环管热分层强度影响因素及缓减措施研究

为研究低功率运行工况下压水堆核电厂蒸汽发生器给水环管热分层强度的影响因素和缓减措施,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对给水环管内部流体的热分层现象进行了数值模拟。研究了功率提升过程中给水运行方式及给水环管结构对热分层强度的影响,从给水环管布置及结构两个方面提出了两种改进结构。结果表明:提高给水流量提升速率对热分层强度几乎没有影响,给水弯头弯曲半径增大能有效减弱给水弯头处的热分层强度,给水弯头向下布置能明显减弱给水环管内的热分层强度,给水管倾斜角度增大能有效减弱给水弯头、给水管的热分层强度,同时使得给水环的热分层强度增强。将给水弯头向下布置且给水管水平段改为多级阶梯渐缩-渐扩结构、多级球形渐缩-渐扩结构后,给水环管内的热分层现象能得到不同程度的缓解,因此提出的两种改进结构是较理想的改进结构。

基于分水岭和强度分层的机器人视觉认知方法

应用图像矩进行工件识别时,对于随机放置或重叠的工件,由于手眼相机拍摄的原始图像中不可避免地存在各类噪声和灰度值相同但不属于同一工件的情况,因而无法直接计算目标工件的图像矩。针对这类问题,本文提出了一种基于分水岭分割和强度分层算法的视觉认知方法。该方法首先通过手眼相机获取实时图像,由专用的分水岭算法分割工件图像;将分割后的图像转换为灰度图像;然后根据不同的灰度值,将分割出来的工件图像进行强度分层,得到不同强度的切片,即各个工件的二值图像。最后使用基于边界的方法计算其中一个工件的图像矩。实验结果表明,该方法能够满足特定的视觉伺服作业。

Experimental investigation of vibration pretreatment-microwave curing process for carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites

The vibration pretreatment-microwave curing process is an efficient,low energy consumption,and high-quality out-of-autoclave curing process for carbon fiber resin matrix composites.This study aims to investigate the impact of vibration pretreatment temperature on the fiber weight content,microscopic morphology and mechanical properties of the composite laminates by using optical digital microscopy,universal tensile testing machine and thermo-gravimetric analyzer.Additionally,the combined mode of Bragg fiber grating sensor and temperature measurement fiber was employed to explore the effect of vibration pretreatment on the strain process during microwave curing.The study results revealed that the change in vibration pretreatment temperature had a slight impact on the fiber weight content when the vibration acceleration remained constant.The metallographic and interlaminar strength of the specimen formed at a vibration pretreatment temperature of 80℃ demonstrated a porosity of 0.414% and a 10.69% decrease in interlaminar shear strength compared to autoclave curing.Moreover,the introduction of the vibration energy field during the microwave curing process led to a significant reduction in residual strain in both the 0°and 90°fiber directions,when the laminate was cooled to 60℃.

Cracked elastic substrate strip with functionally graded coating under thermal-mechanical loading

This paper investigates the functionally graded coating bonded to an elastic strip with a crack under thermal- mechanical loading. Considering some new boundary conditions, it is assumed that the temperature drop across the crack surface is the result of the thermal conductivity index which controls heat conduction through the crack region. By the Fourier transforms, the thermal-elastic mixed boundary value problems are reduced to a system of singular integral equations which can be approximately solved by applying the Chebyshev polynomials. The numerical computation methods for the temperature, the displacement field and the thermal stress intensity factors （TSIFs） are presented. The normal temperature distributions （NTD） with different parameters along the crack surface are analyzed by numerical examples. The influence of the crack position and the thermal-elastic non- homogeneous parameters on the TSIFs of modes I and 11 at the crack tip is presented. Results show that the variation of the thickness of the graded coating has a significant effect on the temperature jump across the crack surfaces when keeping the thickness of the substrate constant, and the thickness of functionally graded material （FGM） coating has a significant effect on the crack in the substrate. The results can be expected to be used for the purpose of gaining better understanding of the thermal-mechanical behavior of graded coatings.

A case study of multi-seam coal mine entry stability analysis with strength reduction method

In this paper,the advantage of using numerical models with the strength reduction method(SRM) to evaluate entry stability in complex multiple-seam conditions is demonstrated.A coal mine under variable topography from the Central Appalachian region is used as a case study.At this mine,unexpected roof conditions were encountered during development below previously mined panels.Stress mapping and observation of ground conditions were used to quantify the success of entry support systems in three room-and-pillar panels.Numerical model analyses were initially conducted to estimate the stresses induced by the multiple-seam mining at the locations of the affected entries.The SRM was used to quantify the stability factor of the supported roof of the entries at selected locations.The SRM-calculated stability factors were compared with observations made during the site visits,and the results demonstrate that the SRM adequately identifies the unexpected roof conditions in this complex case.It is concluded that the SRM can be used to effectively evaluate the likely success of roof supports and the stability condition of entries in coal mines.

分层环境中水库密度流运动特性研究

该文采用水槽试验对稳定温度分层水库的密度流运动进行了模拟。通过不同的试验方案,模拟了不同温度分层条件下密度流运动形态,分析了水体分层强度和出口条件对密度流运动的影响,并在此基础上,对不同水库运行方式下密度流运动特征进行了模拟研究。该文研究结果为水库水质、水生环境管理与调度以及水库应急预警方案的制定提供了参考。

Mechanical properties and microscopic failure process of exemplary argillaceous interlayer from east China

The landslide disaster caused by the argillaceous interlayer not only destroys buildings,cultivated land,and roads but also seriously endangers human life and safety.This study concerns the mineral composition of selected argillaceous interlayer and their strength characteristics.To study the mineral composition of argillaceous interlayers,8 kinds of samples in the southern Jiangsu region of China were analyzed utilizing X-ray diffraction(XRD).The repeated direct shear strength tests(RDST)were carried out on the undisturbed specimens of the argillaceous interlayer.The results show that the argillaceous interlayer with high content of kaolinite shows ductile failure mode,which means that there is no obvious residual strength in the shear process.The arrangement of mineral particles on the shear surface of the specimens after different shear displacements was observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM).It was observed that mineral particles on the shear surface showed a more directional arrangement with the increase of shear displacement.Furthermore,the influence of shear direction on the argillaceous interlayer with completely oriented mineral particles was studied through numerical experiments with four shear strength mechanisms proposition proposed.The influence of the mineral arrangement on the action occasion and magnitude of dilatancy component of shear strength is clarified in the shear mechanism.

温度分层对于污染物在水库中运行时间的影响（英文）

目的:水库存在的温度分层导致入流能够形成表层流、间层流或者底层流。探讨温度分层的强弱对于污染物以间层流方式运动时在水库中滞留时间的影响。创新点:1.通过伯努利能量方程,推导出分层强度与间层流运动时间的关系;2.建立试验模型,成功模拟间层流运动。方法:1.通过理论推导,得到温度分层的强度越大,间层流运动时间越短(公式13);2.在实验室中模拟不同温度分层强度下的间层流运动,验证理论推导的关系式(图7);3.通过数值模拟技术,模拟温度分层存在时的间层流运动,进一步验证温度分层强度与间层流运动时间之间的关系(图12)。结论:1.温度分层的存在会导致入流在分层水体中形成不同形态的流动;2.温度分层强度的增加会导致间层流在分层水体中运动时间变短;3.入流形成间层流方式的不同对于分层强度与间层流运行时间之间的关系没有影响。

含水量与抗剪强度关系影响下高盐量盐渍土路基边坡稳定性

针对盐渍土中不同盐分类型的溶解度和亲水性差异较大问题,分析高盐量盐渍土含水量与抗剪强度关系变化对盐渍土路基边坡稳定性的影响。结合降雨量调查和现场含水量沿深度分布情况,开展适应环境条件的室内试验。针对不同含水量条件下高氯盐渍土(CL-1)和高硫低氯盐渍土(CL-2)路基填料进行直剪试验,得出含水量与抗剪强度参数关系函数。基于Geostudio建立盐渍土路基含水量-强度参数等值分层计算模型,通过体积压力板仪试验测量土样基质吸力随体积含水量的变化规律。通过采用饱和/非饱和渗流的有限元分析与路基边坡稳定性的极限平衡分析相结合的方法,利用GeoStudio中SLOPE/W模块,分别计算和分析降雨强度、降雨持续时间等对盐渍土路基边坡稳定性的影响。考虑含水量和抗剪强度变化关系函数,通过建立的盐渍土路基含水量-强度参数等值分层计算模型对CL-1和CL-2盐渍土边坡稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:含水量在最优含水量的基础上增加3%时,CL-1和CL-2的黏聚力较最优含水量时分别下降94.3%和54.0%,内摩擦角的变化不大;在最优含水量的基础上减少3%时,CL-1和CL-2的黏聚力较最优含水量时分别提高了277.1%和89.7%,对CL-2的内摩擦角影响不大,CL-1的内摩擦角出现明显减小;当降雨强度相同时,CL-1填筑的路基的安全系数较CL-2填筑的路基变化更为明显,主要原因在于高氯盐的亲水性较硫酸盐强,抗剪强度参数受到水分变化的影响更大。

YBCO带材有限元细化模型电磁应力研究

将高场磁体的有限元平均模型和YBCO带材的细尺度网格模型相结合,在不同区域采用不同模型的多尺度建模方法,解决了YBCO带材多尺度网格剖分问题,具有结构简单和计算精度高的优点。从应力载荷出发,依次分析了轴对称模型在自场和背场电磁载荷下的每层应力应变的分布特点,得到了YBCO层状结构中不同材料的最弱应力应变分布位置。仿真结果为自场条件下的应力和应变最大位置处均在哈氏合金层。在背场条件下,3层带材受力最大位置在YBCO带材超导层和缓冲层,而6层细化模型最易在银层发生破坏。

An Improvement on the Efficiency of a Single Rotor Transonic Compressor by Reducing the Shock Wave Strength on the Blade Suction Surfaces

It is well known that increasing the rotational velocity is an effective way to increase the total pressure ratio. With increasing flow velocity especially under the condition of transonic flow in the supersonic region, where exist strong shock waves, the shock wave loss becomes main and important. Simultaneously, there occurs boundary layer separation due to the shock wave / boundary layer interaction. In the present paper the transonic compressor blades were studied and analyzed to find a proper and simple way to reduce the shock wave loss by optimizing the suction surface configuration or controlling the gradient of isentropic Mach number on the suction surface. A Navier-Stokes solver combined with a modified design algorithm was developed and used. The NASA single rotor for transonic flow compressor was served as a numerical example to show the effectiveness of this method. Two cases for both original and modified rotors were analyzed and compared.

Power Law or Logarithmic Law ?── A Data Analysis for Zero Pressure Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers with Low Re _(δ2)

The paper Presents an analysis of two-dimensional zero pressure gradient (ZPG) turbulent boundary layers (TBL) with regard to the application of Power laws. Only TBL with low Reynolds number 300 < Reδ2 < 6200 are taken into account. It is found that a certain region of the mean velocity profile can be described with a power law of the form u+ = Cpow * y+α This Power law region is not a Priori identical with the overlap region. An algorithm for the determination of the wall skin friction using the power law is proposed. The method was applied with good result to ZPG TBL and to adverse pressure gradient (APG) TBL. To bridge the gap between the wall and the power law region an approach for the turbulent viscosity is suggested.