基于信号重采样频移处理的宽带ADCP分层校准方法

针对宽带声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)现有校准方法无法有效实现流速分层校准的问题,提出基于信号重采样频移处理的声波应答校准方法,通过应答换能器组分别接收ADCP各波束换能器发射信号,经分段重采样、时间窗补偿等处理,产生包含多普勒频移信息的模拟回波信号,实现对宽带ADCP流速分层校准。为更符合真实水体散射情况,基于主动声呐方程建立了回波信号幅度计算模型。搭建了可适用于陆上和水下的宽带ADCP分层快速校准装置,对两个ADCP样机开展了校准实验,流速范围在0.01~10 m/s,测量不确定度优于0.3%v+5 mm/s(v为流速测量值)(k=2),并与水槽拖车法进行了对比验证。

流速分层流场中细长柔性立管涡激振动试验研究

洋流流速沿水深的分层变化对长柔性立管涡激振动性能有一定的影响.在开发流速增大装置的基础上,在拖曳水池中完成了1组流速分层流场中细长柔性立管涡激振动试验,测量数据包括流向和垂直流向上立管表面的应变值,试验数据采用模态分析法加以分析.结果表明:流速分层流场中细长柔性立管涡激振动不同于均匀流场及剪切流场的振动;流速增大层立管流向弯曲曲线的最大弯曲点偏向于流速增大层的作用段;立管流向和垂直流向振动的频率分布呈现出集中和分散2种形式;激发的立管垂直流向振动与拍振动类似.

基于三维水动力模型的砂枕漂距预测研究

砂枕是抛投护岸的新材料,具有结构稳定、工程造价低等优点。以往仅采用传统的抛投经验公式,每次抛前均需测量水深和流速,较少使用模型模拟三维流场,耗费人力物力。为提高施工效率,通过垂线分层流速分析,结合Mike3水动力模型和砂枕漂距公式,分别采用六层法和十一层法进行砂枕漂距预测,结果表明十一层法更精准。

河口、浅海ADCP定点海流观测资料的比较与整理

ADCP被广泛应用于断面流量测量,具有操作简单、结果直观、信息量大等显著的优点。通过对ADCP定点海流观测与传统流速仪海流观测的对比分析,提出在浅海水文测验中,对ADCP海流观测资料进行整理的一种方法,实现对ADCP观测数据进行选择性的冗余处理。

The properties of dilute debris flow and hyper-concentrated flow in different flow regimes in open channels

Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) technique was used to test the analogues of hyperconcentrated flow and dilute debris flow in an open flume. Flow fields, velocity profiles and turbulent parameters were obtained under different conditions. Results show that the flow regime depends on coarse grain concentration. Slurry with high fine grain concentration but lacking of coarse grains behaves as a laminar flow. Dilute debris flows containing coarse grains are generally turbulent flows. Streamlines are parallel and velocity values are large in laminar flows. However, in turbulent flows the velocity diminishes in line with the intense mixing of liquid and eddies occurring. The velocity profiles of laminar flow accord with the parabolic distribution law. When the flow is in a transitional regime, velocity profiles deviate slightly from the parabolic law. Turbulent flow has an approximately uniform distribution of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. The ratio of turbulent kinetic energy to the kinetic energy of time-averaged flow is the internal cause determining the flow regime: laminar flow(k/K<0.1); transitional flow(0.1< k/K<1); and turbulent flow(k/K>1). Turbulent kinetic energy firstly increases with increasing coarse grain concentration and then decreases owing to the suppression of turbulence by the high concentration of coarse grains. This variation is also influenced by coarse grain size and channel slope. The results contribute to the modeling of debris flow and hyperconcentrated flow.

Numerical analysis of behavior of active layer in rotary kilns by discrete element method

The behavior of the active layer of material bed within rotary kilns plays a key role in industrial applications.To obtain its influences on industrial process,different regimes of particle motion have been simulated by discrete element method(DEM) in three dimensions under variant rotation speeds,filling degree,based on the background of induration process of iron ore pellets.The influences of the mentioned factors on the maximum thickness of the active layer and the average velocity of particles have been investigated.The average velocity of particles increases with Froude number following the power function over a wide range,and the maximum thickness rises with increasing rotation speed in a way of logarithm.The influence of the filling degree f on the maximum thickness exhibits a good linearity under two classic regimes,but the increasing of the average velocity of the active layer is limited at f=0.4.This basic research highlights the impact of the active layer within rotary kilns,and lays a good foundation for the further investigation in mixing and heat transfer within the particle bed inside rotary kilns.

Supersonic Flow Structure in the Entrance Part of a Mixing Chamber of 2D Model Ejector

The paper deals with experimental and numerical results of investigation into supersonic and transonic flow past a two-dimensional model ejector. Results of optical measurements show a flow structure and flow parameter development in the entrance part of the mixing chamber of the ejector. Numerical results are obtained by means of both the straight solution of shock waves in supersonic flow field using classical relations of parameters of shock waves and the Fluent 6 program. Results of numerical solutions are compared with experimental pictures of flow fields. Flow structure development in the mixing chamber is analysed in detail.

Experimental investigation of Reynolds stress complex eddy viscosity model for coherent structure dynamics

Time sequence signals of streamwise and normal velocity components,as well as velocity strain rate,at different vertical locations in the turbulent boundary layer over a smooth flat plate in a wind tunnel have been finely examined by the use of double-sensor hot-wire anemometry.The local module maximum for wavelet coefficient of longitudinal velocity component,as a detecting index,is employed to educe the ejection and sweep process of the coherent structure burst in the turbulent boundary layer from the random fluctuating background.The coherent waveforms of Reynolds stress residual contribution term for random fluctuations to coherent structure,as well as the velocity strain rate of coherent structure,are extracted by the conditional phase average technique.Based on the theoretical analysis of eddy viscosity coefficient in complex eddy viscosity model for coherent structure,the macro-relaxation effect between Reynolds stress residual contribution term of random fluctuations to coherent structure and the velocity strain rate of coherent structure is studied and the variations of the phase difference between them across the turbulent boundary layer are investigated experimentally.The rationality of complex eddy viscosity model for coherent structure is confirmed through the investigation.

Unsteady Inflow Effects on the Wake Shed from a High-Lift LPT Blade Subjected to Boundary Layer Laminar Separation

An experimental investigation on the near and far wake of a cascade of high-lift low-pressure turbine blades subjected to boundary layer separation over the suction side surface has been carried out, under steady and unsteady inflows. Two Reynolds number conditions, representative of take-off/landing and cruise operating conditions of the real engine, have been tested. The effect of upstream wake-boundary layer interaction on the wake shed from the profile has been investigated in a three-blade large-scale linear turbine cascade. The comparison between the wakes shed under steady and unsteady inflows has been performed through the analysis of mean velocity and Reynolds stress components measured at midspan of the central blade by means of a two-component crossed miniature hot-wire probe. The wake development has been analyzed in the region between 2% and 100% of the blade chord from the central blade trailing edge, aligned with the blade exit direction. Wake integral parameters, half-width and maximum velocity defects have been evaluated from the mean velocity distributions to quantify the modifications induced on the vane wake by the upstream wake. Moreover the thicknesses of the two wake shear layers have been considered separately in order to identify the effects of Reynolds number and incoming flow on the wake shape. The self-preserving state of the wake has been looked at, taking into account the different thicknesses of the two shear layers. The evaluation of the power density spectra of the velocity fluctuations allowed the study of the wake unsteady behavior, and the detection of the effects induced by the different operating conditions on the trailing edge vortex shedding.