分层海水环境中水下电场衰减规律和分布特性研究

根据海上实测海水电导率参数,建立空气—分层海水—海床5层海洋环境模型。基于传统的水平电偶极子空气-海水-海床3层介质模型中水下电场衰减规律和分布特性,通过对海水进一步分层的多层介质模型构建数学模型,进行理论推导和仿真计算,给出场源强度为1A·m,深度为4 m,频率为1 Hz时电场在不同水深处的空间分布及正下方Y=0测线上的水下电场分布。结果表明,随着水深的增加,电场X分量与电场Z分量之比是增加的;在海水-海床界面上,测线上电场Z分量最大值约为电场X分量最大值的1/4,电场Y分量最大值相对Y=0处有一定的偏移。从衰减曲线可以看出,在60~500 m范围内电场X分量和电场Z分量沿径向随距离呈3次方衰减。

海洋地震数据处理中的海水分层模型

海洋地震数据处理过程中,海水速度是一个重要参数,传统的处理方法是将海水速度视为常数。该文研究了海水的速度的影响因素,并通过速度变化将海水分层。海水分层对地震数据影响较小,但是可以提高处理精度。

海水分层对水平电偶极子产生电场的影响分析

根据实测海水电导率数据将海水分层,浅海环境模型可等效为空气-3层海水-海床模型。本文基于水平电偶极子电场数学模型,对水平电偶极子在海水分层情况下电场进行仿真计算,并与均匀海水模型中电场进行对比分析。从结果可知,海水分层时电场幅值大于海水均匀时电场幅值,曲线形态一致,电场x分量最大值位置未变,电场z分量最大值位置稍微外移;随着偶极子源深度越深,海水分层对电场幅值影响越大,在海水深度51.2 m,源深度40 m情况下,海水均匀和分层2种模型下电场x分量计算偏差达到13.0%。

潜航体在海水界面兴起的内波夹角(英文)

水下潜航体在分层海水中兴起内波,这与水面船在海面兴起的Kelvin波并不一样。其中一个具体的区别是两类波迹的夹角大小。对Kelvin波的研究已相当成熟,对内波的研究正方兴未艾。本文是有关内波系列研究工作的一部分,采用一种简单而直截了当的计算方法,分近、远场具体计算出水下潜航体在海中兴起的内波夹角大小和范围。

海洋底水原位探测技术与中国南海天然气水合物勘探

在分析研究国内外海洋底水原位探测技术的前提下,详细阐述了自主研发的"海水溶解气甲烷原位探测技术成果"的研发思路、关键技术和与国外技术的区别;结合该技术在我国南海北部水合物赋存区获得海洋底水原位甲烷测试数据以及现有分层海水技术在南海北部表层海水和台西南盆地底层海水中甲烷测试数据,进行了水合物勘探中分层海水甲烷指标地球化学特征和不同海水测量方法技术在天然气水合物勘探中指示作用的研究和评价,旨在为天然气水合物中海水地球化学勘探方法的选择和发展方向提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)表层海水溶解气甲烷异常在区域水合物远景区中具有10~50nmol·L^(-1)的绝对甲烷浓度和面积较大(上千km^2)的区域地球化学特征;(2)底层海水甲烷异常背景值一般具有100nmol·L^(-1)以上的绝对甲烷浓度和面积较确定的局部地球化学异常特征;(3)海洋底水原位甲烷地球化学异常数据在水合物赋存区上的异常具有300~800nmol·L^(-1)的绝对甲烷浓度并具有高衬度异常特征。勘探技术成果显示:(1)常规技术和CTD技术获取的表层海水异常能够筛选水合物勘探远景区;(2)底水原位技术和台湾的岩心钻探技术(core top water)获取的底水地球化学异常与地下烃类聚集体渗漏相关,并有以生物成因气为主的同位素特征,因此该异常能够显示与水合物相关的甲烷渗漏地,为水合物赋存区段的识别提供依据。海水原位地球化学勘探技术在水合物海水地球化学勘探中具有广阔的应用前景。

机载海洋激光雷达的试验研究

通过对我国首次机载激光水下目标探测试验数据的分析和处理，并辅之以必要的蒙特卡罗模拟实验，就有效衰减系数、大气、风速、海水分层、目标倾斜等因素对雷达系统性能的影响进行了研究，首次总结出适合工程设计使用的近似估算公式和曲线，阐述了试验中出现的异常现象，并给出了合理的解释，最后还提出了一些需要进一步深入研究的关键问题．

机载海洋激光雷达的试验和模拟研究

通过对机载激光水下目标探测试验数据的分析和处理，并辅之以必要的蒙特卡罗模拟实验，就有效衰减系数、大气、风速、海水分层、目标倾斜等因素对雷达系统性能的影响进行了研究，总结出适合工程设计使用的近似估算公式和曲线，阐述了试验中出现的异常现象，并给出了合理的解释，还提出了一些需要进一步深入研究的关键问题．

Multilayer distribution of carbon dioxide system in surface water of the Yellow Sea in spring

Surface water can be divided into three layers from top downward： surface microlayer （SML, thickness≤50 μm）, subsurface layer （SSL, ≈25 cm） and surface layer （SL, l-5m）, among which the SML plays an important role on sea-air interaction because of its unique physical-chemical property. Carbon dioxide system including DIC （dissolved inorganic carbon）, Alk （alkalinity）, pH and pCO： （partial pressure of CO2） in multilayered waters of the Yellow Sea was studied for the first time in March and May 2005. The results show that： DIC and Alk are obviously enriched in SML. The contents ofDIC, Alk and pCO2 become lower in turn from SML, SSL to SL, higher in March and lower in May, whereas for pH it was opposite. The relationship between DIC and Alk is clearly positive, but negative between pH and pCO2. Meanwhile, pCO2 and temperature/salinity is also in positive relation, pCO2 decreases with latitude increase. DIC and Alk show a similar variation trend with the maximum at 02：00-03：00, but pH and pCO2 show an opposite pattern. In addition, the distribution patterns are similar to each other in the three layers. The Yellow Sea is shown to be a sink of atmospheric CO2 in spring by two methods： （1） comparing pCO2 in seawater and atmosphere; （2） turning direction of ＂pH-depth＂ curve. Calculation on the base of pCO2 data in SML in four models shows that carbon flux in spring in the area was about -6.96×10^6 t C.

深水区地震资料处理变参数振幅恢复技术

在深水油气勘探中,海水水体的声学物理特征直接影响到后续地震资料处理及地球物理技术应用的效果。为了解决该类区域地震资料的保幅性问题,采用深水机器人、海水实验室测量及深水VSP等多种方法定量测量了地震波在海水中的速度(以下简称海水速度),明确了海水速度具有明显的分层特征并建立了分层模型;进而基于地震波在海水、地层中振幅的衰减差异,提出了变参数振幅恢复技术,有效解决了浅水—坡折带—深水区域地震资料的保幅性问题。研究结果表明:①海水和地层的振幅衰减规律存在着巨大的差异,地震波传播相同的距离,其在海水中的振幅衰减比在地层中要弱很多;②较之于常数海水速度偏移剖面,层状海水速度偏移效果具有同相轴更为连续、信噪比更高的优点,提高了整体成像分辨率与成像精度;③在偏移距方向,近、中、远偏移距的地震振幅变化更加合理,避免了远偏移距的强振幅异常现象,使AVO属性更加合理。结论认为:①准确利用海水分层速度特征,可以使变水深区域地震成像质量得到明显的改善;②在琼东南盆地陵水深水区实际地震资料处理中,变参数振幅恢复技术获得的振幅更加均衡,同一反射地层可以被连续追踪;③该项研究成果可以为后续的储层预测和烃类检测奠定基础。

NEW METHOD TO OBTAIN THE POWER SPECTRA OF HIDDEN VARIABLES AND ITS APPLICATION TO OCEAN DATA

A novel method is proposed to obtain the power spectra of hidden variables in a chaotic time series. By embedding the data in phase space , and recording the conditional probability density of points that the trajectory encounters as it evolves in the reconstructed phase space, it is possible to recover the power spectra of hidden variables in chaotic time series through a spectral analysis over the conditional probability density time series. The method is robust in the application to Lorenz system, 4 dimension Rssler system and rigid body motion by linear feedback system (LFRBM). Applying the method to the time series of sea surface temperature (SST) of the South China Sea, we obtained the power spectra of the wind speed (WS) from SST data. Furthermore, the results showed that there exists an important nonlinear interaction between the SST and the WS.

Numerical investigation of wake-collapse internal waves generated by a submerged moving body

The state-of-the-art OpenFOAM technology is used to develop a numerical model that can be devoted to numerically investigating wake-collapse internal waves generated by a submerged moving body.The model incorporates body geometry,propeller forcing,and stratification magnitude of seawater.The generation mechanism and wave properties are discussed based on model results.It was found that the generation of the wave and its properties depend greatly on the body speed.Only when that speed exceeds some critical value,between 1.5 and 4.5 m/s,can the moving body generate wake-collapse internal waves,and with increases of this speed,the time of generation advances and wave amplitude increases.The generated wake-collapse internal waves are confirmed to have characteristics of the second baroclinic mode.As the body speed increases,wave amplitude and length increase and its waveform tends to take on a regular sinusoidal shape.For three linearly temperature-stratified profiles examined,the weaker the stratification,the stronger the wake-collapse internal wave.

Shallow Water Body Data Processing Based on the Seismic Oceanography

Physical properties of sea water,such as salinity,temperature,density and acoustic velocity,could be demarcated through degradation of energy caused by water absorption,attenuation and other factors.To overcome the challenging difficulties in the quick monitoring of these physical properties,we have explored the high resolution marine seismic survey to instantly characterize them.Based on the unique wavefield propagating in the sea water,we have developed a new approach to suppress the noise caused by the shallow sea water disturbance and obtain useful information for estimating the sea water structure.This approach improves seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution.The seismic reflection imaging can map the sea water structure acoustically.Combined with the knowledge of local water body structure profile over years,the instant model for predicting the sea water properties could be built using the seismic data acquired from the specially designed high precision marine seismic acquisition.This model can also be updated with instant observation and the complete data processing system.The present study has the potential value to many applications,such as 3D sea water monitoring,engineering evaluation,geological disaster assessment and environmental assessment.

正在揭示的自然之谜

在繁杂纷纭的大千世界和奥妙无穷的无垠宇宙里,存在着许许多多令人难以解释的大自然之谜。目前,科学家运用现代科学技术对自然现象进行孜孜不倦地研究和探索,揭示出许多自然之谜。 海底细菌耐热之谜 在自然界里,几乎没有什么生物不能用高温杀死。别说温度有100℃的开水,就是60℃的热水,大多数生物都忍受不了。但是。

机载激光测深系统在使用中应考虑的几个问题

针对机载激光测深系统工作时可能遇到的海风、水质等情况，分析了它们对系统性能的影响，并提出一些处理措施，对系统接收视场角等的选取，也做了分析。