This study presents the first demonstration project in China for treatment of coal-bed methane(CBM) co-produced water and recycling.The work aims to provide a research and innovation base for solving the pollution pro...This study presents the first demonstration project in China for treatment of coal-bed methane(CBM) co-produced water and recycling.The work aims to provide a research and innovation base for solving the pollution problem of CBM extraction water.The reverse osmosis(RO) unit is applied to the treatment of CBM co-produced water.The results indicate that system operation is stable,the removal efficiency of the total dissolved solids(TDS) is as high as 97.98%,and Fe,Mn,and F-are almost completely removed.There is no suspended solids(SS) detected in the treated water.Furthermore,a model for the RO membrane separation process is developed to describe the quantitative relationship between key physical quantities-membrane length,flow velocity,salt concentration,driving pressure and water recovery rate,and the water recovery restriction equation based on mass balance is developed.This model provides a theoretical support for the RO system design and optimization.The TDS in the CBM co-produced water are removed to meet the "drinking water standards" and "groundwater quality standards" of China and can be used as drinking water,irrigation water,and livestock watering.In addition,the cost for treatment of CBM co-produced water is assessed,and the RO technology is an efficient and cost-effective treatment method to remove pollutants.展开更多
Temperature distribution of water inside of thermal storage tank reflects the condition of cooling energy stored in the tank. It can be used to define important parameters required for evaluation the performance of th...Temperature distribution of water inside of thermal storage tank reflects the condition of cooling energy stored in the tank. It can be used to define important parameters required for evaluation the performance of thermal storage tank. In this study, the thermocline thickness was evaluated for two cases of charging cycles： case Ⅰ at 393 m^3 / hr and case Ⅰ at 524 m^3 / hr. Hourly data were used for the study. Curve fitting approach was used to plot the temperature distribution profiles. Results obtained revealed that the fitting function enabled quantification of thermocline thickness of the thermal storage tank. The parameters that were determined are average cool-warm water temperatures and cool water depth in the tank. The approach offer an advantage to determine the thermocline thickness based on functionally relationship of temperature distribution profile. Results obtained shown that thermocline thickness increases at the higher flow rate. This was due to increased mixing of cool and warm water. It was also noted that thicker thermocline occurred in the region nearby the inlet diffuser. The findings indicate that the operating thermal energy storage as performing as a stratified tank.展开更多
Rainfall and runoff energy results in soil erosion. This paper presents new the concepts of rainfall and runoff energy and analyzes the relationship of rainfall energy and runoff energy with sediment transport based o...Rainfall and runoff energy results in soil erosion. This paper presents new the concepts of rainfall and runoff energy and analyzes the relationship of rainfall energy and runoff energy with sediment transport based on the conversion theory of kinetic and potential energy using artificial rainfall and mechanical calculation. The results show that the ratio of sediment detachment in sloping fallow overland flow increases with the slope gradient,rainfall energy and runoff energy, while the sediment detachment ratio under raindrop impact are significantly higher than those under no raindrop impact. The sediment concentration increases with the slope gradient and rainfall energy; when the slope gradient and rainfall energy are constant, the sediment concentration decreases as the runoff energy increases. Rainfall disturbance coefficients have a logarithmic correlation with the rate of rainfall energy and runoff energy. On the same slope gradient,when the rainfall energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient decreases as the runoff energy increases,while when the runoff energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient increases as the rainfall energyincreases. Rainfall energy results in sediment detachment, and runoff energy is the transportation for erosion sediment. This showed that rainfall energy and runoff energy are important in the sediment detachment and transportation of shallow overland flow.展开更多
With the global economy and the intensification of market competition, more and more enterprises in the same industry to establish a new alliance---competitive strategic alliance. Competitive strategic alliance is not...With the global economy and the intensification of market competition, more and more enterprises in the same industry to establish a new alliance---competitive strategic alliance. Competitive strategic alliance is not only in the strategic choice of the existence of a potential to create value, but also the existence of synergy. Competition and cooperation between the two conflicting complex logic relations coexist in the competitive strategic alliances （CSA）. Therefore maintaining the relative stability of alliance is the premise and necessary condition of alliance to success. In this paper, on the basis of the literature review, we discuss the significance and principles of improving CSA＇s stability; in the way of case analysis and expert interviews construct the hierarchy analysis model of improving CSA＇s stability; and then further put forward a series of measures which can maintain the CSA＇s stability, such as strengthen the ability of technological innovation, protection and development of the core ability of the enterprise, to develop a coherent strategy alliance target, choose a suitable alliance partner, coordinate the corporate culture between partners, establish alliance risk prevention mechanism, and so on. It will provide theoretical support and practical guidance to relevant departments and relevant personnel in policy decision-making and problem-solving展开更多
In this paper, the major objective is to build a global dynamic network model to assess the global health condition .First use the PSR model and Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） to calculate the internal health stat...In this paper, the major objective is to build a global dynamic network model to assess the global health condition .First use the PSR model and Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） to calculate the internal health status of some regions, and then establish a global network model which links each region together to figure out the global health status. Finally, taking the human influence into consideration, the degree of the earth＇s health can be figured out in a more accurate way.展开更多
This paper stresses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance by presenting a multi-leveled analytical approach to issues and cases both nationally and internationally. The study draws policy im...This paper stresses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance by presenting a multi-leveled analytical approach to issues and cases both nationally and internationally. The study draws policy implications for the Chinese government as regards to integrating building communication capacity into governance agenda. Even though there is a growing attention on implementing communication programs into policies, the study on the role of the media and communication in governance has not been dearly conceptualized. This 15aper analyses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance from the levels of state governments, civil society and the general public, respectively. It argues that strong communication capacity at the governmental level increases governance effectiveness through helping to build consensus in policy-making and promote development policies; strong communication capacity of the civil society expands the development results when the NGOs work together with the mass media to promote their activities and prioritize development goals through media＇s agenda-setting and framing functions; and strong communication capacity strengthens the voice of the public and empower them to hold the government account through the media＇s watch-dog role. The paper concludes that improving communication capacity is essential to achieve good governance for the Chinese government.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011ZX05060-0052009ZX05039-003)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21106176)the President Fund of GUCAS(Y15101JY00)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(20110490627)
文摘This study presents the first demonstration project in China for treatment of coal-bed methane(CBM) co-produced water and recycling.The work aims to provide a research and innovation base for solving the pollution problem of CBM extraction water.The reverse osmosis(RO) unit is applied to the treatment of CBM co-produced water.The results indicate that system operation is stable,the removal efficiency of the total dissolved solids(TDS) is as high as 97.98%,and Fe,Mn,and F-are almost completely removed.There is no suspended solids(SS) detected in the treated water.Furthermore,a model for the RO membrane separation process is developed to describe the quantitative relationship between key physical quantities-membrane length,flow velocity,salt concentration,driving pressure and water recovery rate,and the water recovery restriction equation based on mass balance is developed.This model provides a theoretical support for the RO system design and optimization.The TDS in the CBM co-produced water are removed to meet the "drinking water standards" and "groundwater quality standards" of China and can be used as drinking water,irrigation water,and livestock watering.In addition,the cost for treatment of CBM co-produced water is assessed,and the RO technology is an efficient and cost-effective treatment method to remove pollutants.
文摘Temperature distribution of water inside of thermal storage tank reflects the condition of cooling energy stored in the tank. It can be used to define important parameters required for evaluation the performance of thermal storage tank. In this study, the thermocline thickness was evaluated for two cases of charging cycles： case Ⅰ at 393 m^3 / hr and case Ⅰ at 524 m^3 / hr. Hourly data were used for the study. Curve fitting approach was used to plot the temperature distribution profiles. Results obtained revealed that the fitting function enabled quantification of thermocline thickness of the thermal storage tank. The parameters that were determined are average cool-warm water temperatures and cool water depth in the tank. The approach offer an advantage to determine the thermocline thickness based on functionally relationship of temperature distribution profile. Results obtained shown that thermocline thickness increases at the higher flow rate. This was due to increased mixing of cool and warm water. It was also noted that thicker thermocline occurred in the region nearby the inlet diffuser. The findings indicate that the operating thermal energy storage as performing as a stratified tank.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571262)the Chinese Ministry of Water Resources Science and Technology Promotion Program(TG1308)
文摘Rainfall and runoff energy results in soil erosion. This paper presents new the concepts of rainfall and runoff energy and analyzes the relationship of rainfall energy and runoff energy with sediment transport based on the conversion theory of kinetic and potential energy using artificial rainfall and mechanical calculation. The results show that the ratio of sediment detachment in sloping fallow overland flow increases with the slope gradient,rainfall energy and runoff energy, while the sediment detachment ratio under raindrop impact are significantly higher than those under no raindrop impact. The sediment concentration increases with the slope gradient and rainfall energy; when the slope gradient and rainfall energy are constant, the sediment concentration decreases as the runoff energy increases. Rainfall disturbance coefficients have a logarithmic correlation with the rate of rainfall energy and runoff energy. On the same slope gradient,when the rainfall energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient decreases as the runoff energy increases,while when the runoff energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient increases as the rainfall energyincreases. Rainfall energy results in sediment detachment, and runoff energy is the transportation for erosion sediment. This showed that rainfall energy and runoff energy are important in the sediment detachment and transportation of shallow overland flow.
文摘With the global economy and the intensification of market competition, more and more enterprises in the same industry to establish a new alliance---competitive strategic alliance. Competitive strategic alliance is not only in the strategic choice of the existence of a potential to create value, but also the existence of synergy. Competition and cooperation between the two conflicting complex logic relations coexist in the competitive strategic alliances （CSA）. Therefore maintaining the relative stability of alliance is the premise and necessary condition of alliance to success. In this paper, on the basis of the literature review, we discuss the significance and principles of improving CSA＇s stability; in the way of case analysis and expert interviews construct the hierarchy analysis model of improving CSA＇s stability; and then further put forward a series of measures which can maintain the CSA＇s stability, such as strengthen the ability of technological innovation, protection and development of the core ability of the enterprise, to develop a coherent strategy alliance target, choose a suitable alliance partner, coordinate the corporate culture between partners, establish alliance risk prevention mechanism, and so on. It will provide theoretical support and practical guidance to relevant departments and relevant personnel in policy decision-making and problem-solving
文摘In this paper, the major objective is to build a global dynamic network model to assess the global health condition .First use the PSR model and Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） to calculate the internal health status of some regions, and then establish a global network model which links each region together to figure out the global health status. Finally, taking the human influence into consideration, the degree of the earth＇s health can be figured out in a more accurate way.
文摘This paper stresses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance by presenting a multi-leveled analytical approach to issues and cases both nationally and internationally. The study draws policy implications for the Chinese government as regards to integrating building communication capacity into governance agenda. Even though there is a growing attention on implementing communication programs into policies, the study on the role of the media and communication in governance has not been dearly conceptualized. This 15aper analyses the role of media and communication in promoting good governance from the levels of state governments, civil society and the general public, respectively. It argues that strong communication capacity at the governmental level increases governance effectiveness through helping to build consensus in policy-making and promote development policies; strong communication capacity of the civil society expands the development results when the NGOs work together with the mass media to promote their activities and prioritize development goals through media＇s agenda-setting and framing functions; and strong communication capacity strengthens the voice of the public and empower them to hold the government account through the media＇s watch-dog role. The paper concludes that improving communication capacity is essential to achieve good governance for the Chinese government.
