Comprehensive evaluation method for superstructures of prestressed concrete girder bridges

A multi-level evaluation model for the superstructure of a damaged prestressed concrete girder or beam bridge is established, and the evaluation indices of the model as well as the rating standards are defined. A normal relative function about the evaluation indices of each element is developed to calculate the relative degree, and for each element there are no sub-level elements. When evaluating the elements in the sub-item level or the index level of the model, the weights of elements pertain to one adopted element, taking into account their degrees of deterioration. Since the relative degrees and structure evaluation scales on the damage conditions are applied to characterize the superstructure of damaged prestressed concrete girder bridges, this method can evaluate the prestressed structure in detail, and the evaluation results agree with the Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culvers （JTG Hll--2004 ）. Finally, a bridge in Jilin province is taken as an example, using the method developed to evaluate its damage conditions, which gives an effective way for bridge engineering.

Alunite processing method selection using the AHP and TOPSIS approaches under fuzzy environment

Alunite is the most important non bauxite resource for alumina. Various methods have been proposed and patented for processing alunite, but none has been performed at industrial scale and no technical,operational and economic data is available to evaluate methods. In addition, selecting the right approach for alunite beneficiation, requires introducing a wide range of criteria and careful analysis of alternatives.In this research, after studying the existing processes, 13 methods were considered and evaluated by 14 technical, economic and environmental analyzing criteria. Due to multiplicity of processing methods and attributes, in this paper, Multi Attribute Decision Making methods were employed to examine the appropriateness of choices. The Delphi Analytical Hierarchy Process(DAHP) was used for weighting selection criteria and Fuzzy TOPSIS approach was used to determine the most profitable candidates. Among 13 studied methods, Spanish, Svoronos and Hazan methods were respectively recognized to be the best choices.

Using sequential analysis procedures to rank the influencing factors of public work’s quality

In order to improve the efficiency in management of public work projects, screening and controlling influencing factors affecting the quality of a public work project is essential. This study synthesized 9 influential categories including 91 factors related to quality management of public works in Taiwan using a sequential analysis procedure. According to the Borda-values of influencing factors obtained from a first stage questionnaire, the number of primary factors selected by the re-sponsible entities and the design-supervisory entities were 44 and 45 respectively. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was used to prioritize and rank these factors. The top five factors ranked by the responsible entities were (1) introduction of the earned value analysis, (2) working efficiency, (3) environmental laws and regulations, (4) price-index fluctuation, and (5) on-site safety management. The top five factors ranked by the design-supervisory entities were (1) man power, (2) laws and regulations, (3) price-index fluctuation, (4) traffic conditions, and (5) faulty design.

Comparative analysis on soil engineering classifications of China and America

Based on China National Standard of Soil Engineering Classification (GB/T 50145-2007) and the Unified Soil Classification System of American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM D-2478), two kinds of soil laboratory engineering classification methods were discussed and analyzed from the aspects of the definition in particle fraction, classification of soil type and evaluation standard for soil gradation. There is a same limit of fine grains fraction in the two standards, and there are three main types of soil in GB/T 50145-2007 and two in ASTM D-2487. Different evaluation standards of gradation are put forward for gravels and sands in ASTM D-2487. Same criteria of A line, B line and controlling value of plastic index are in the plasticity chart of both standards.

“大分流”的隐喻:中国与西欧优势手工业发展逻辑再审视(7—14世纪)

"大分流"相关学说异彩纷呈、数家争鸣的背后,实质均是通过构建自身话语体系对"西方中心论"的质疑和挑战。从历史实践看,工业革命始终是中西方经济发展的分水岭,而手工业作为工业革命的先声,均曾在中西方历史上大放异彩。7—14世纪中国和西欧由于农业资源禀赋的差异,形成了各自的优势手工行业——丝织业和呢绒业。就发展逻辑而言,中西方均展现出分工不断细化(由行业内分工向劳动分工发展)、产品市场关联增强的特点,但中国主要是官府需求推动并存在于官营手工工场,西欧则是由市场发展分化而来且广泛分布于城市及郊区作坊工场;中国受"施坚雅模式"层级市场影响,丝织产地之间缺乏竞争意识,西欧面对共同的区域或海外市场形成佛兰德斯、意大利和英格兰相互竞争的呢绒产业格局。分工层次和产地竞争的路径依赖殊异明显,隐喻了工业革命后中西方经济发展的"大分流"。

An Optimal Online Algorithm for Fractional Scheduling on Uniform Machines with Three Hierarchies

This paper is concerned with the fractional version of online hierarchical scheduling problem on uniform machines.In the problem,the jobs and machines have several different hierarchies and each job can be arbitrarily split between the machines with hierarchies not above the hierarchy of the job.The objective is to minimize the makespan.The authors present an optimal algorithm for the problem with three hierarchies.

Hierarchical structure engineering of brookite TiO2 crystals for enhanced photocatalytic and external antitumor property

Here we report a hydrothermal approach to build and tailor the hierarchical structure of brookite TiO_2 crystal under multiple hierarchical scales. Benefiting from the hierarchical structure and the existence of oxygen vacancy,these as-prepared hierarchical brookite TiO_2 crystals can not only enhance photocatalytic activity, but also demonstrate their potential in the treatment of superficial malignant tumor.