需求分布不定的供应链网络均衡

研究了由多个相互竞争制造商以及多个相互竞争零售商组成且零售商面临分布不定的需求的供应链网络均衡。借助变分不等式理论,刻画了制造商、零售商以及消费者的最优行为,建立了供应链网络均衡模型并设计网络均衡的求解算法。数值分析了分布不定和限制性价格上限对网络均衡的影响。结果表明:与随机需求相比较,需求分布不定情形下的零售商利润将减少,制造商利润将增多且生产量更大;当存在限制性价格上限时,消费市场可能出现商品短缺,且制造商和零售商的总利润减少。

分布不定环境下具有价格干预的单产品流网络均衡

在市场需求分布不定的环境下,考虑产能限制以及政府价格干预,研究了供应链网络均衡问题。借助变分不等式理论,给出了供应链网络中各层决策者以及整体均衡条件。利用对数二次预测校正算法,进行了数值算例分析。结果证明:当需求为分布不定时,采取保守策略的零售商利润少于随机需求分布已知的情形;同时,由于信息的匮乏,容易造成制造商的盲目生产。

预张力索杆体系分布式静不定与动不定分析

针对预张力索杆体系,将构件刚度与体系判定相结合,提出了分布式静不定和分布式动不定的计算方法,使体系分析从系统层面向构件层面延伸.该方法在平衡矩阵理论基础上,采用奇异值分解法分别求解相互正交的两类单元变形量和两类节点外荷载模态;在排除整体刚体位移模态后,利用该正交性,求解分布式静不定和动不定.所提出的方法克服了已有方法中的奇异性问题,具有普适性,能广泛地适用于动定及动不定结构;揭示了分布式静不定与结构重要性及结构敏感性间的关系,以及分布式动不定与节点可动性间的关系.通过2组算例,说明了该方法在预张力索杆体系中的应用,并证明了其有效性和正确性.

考虑预应力作用的索杆张力结构冗余度分析

在考虑预应力作用的前提下,给出了由弹性冗余度和几何冗余度组成的索杆张力结构体系的冗余度定义;基于能量理论提出了统一的冗余度计算方法,其中采用更新的拉格朗日格式建立了一个关于位移增量的非线性应变能表达式;在求解过程中对应变能表达式进行线性化处理,并根据势能驻值原理推导了冗余度计算公式,以用于施加预应力后的索杆张力结构体系分析.结果表明,与以往的冗余度计算方法相比,所提出的方法给出了显式几何冗余度计算公式,阐明了弹性冗余度和几何冗余度的物理意义,可用于预张力作用的索杆张力结构体系分析.

Thermodynamics of Third Order Lovelock Anti-de Sitter Black Holes Revisited

We compute the mass and temperature of third order Lovelock black holes with negative Gauss-Bonnet coefficient a2 〈 0 in anti-de Sitter space and perform the stability analysis of topological black holes. When k = -1, the third order Lovelock black holes are thermodynamically stable for the whole range r＋. When k = 1, we found that the black hole has an intermediate unstable phase for D = 7. In eight dimensional spacetimes, however, a new phase of thermodynamically unstable small black holes appears if the coefficient a is under a critical value. For D ≥ 9, black holes have similar the distributions of thermodynamically stable regions to the case where the coefficient ＆ is under a critical value for D = 8. It is worth to mention that all the thermodynamic and conserved quantities of the black holes with fiat horizon do not depend on the Loveloek coefficients and are the same as those of black holes in general gravity.

Laws of motion of particles in a jigging process

The laws of motion of particle groups in a jigging process are studied. These describe the macroscopic phenomena that occur during jigging. During jigging the heavier and bigger particles concentrate at the bed bottom while lighter and smaller particles move to the upper part of the bed. Particles with equivalent properties tend to concentrate at a certain position centered around the inherent height of their distribution. The particle distribution variance gradually diminishes to some asymptotic value. The state equation group of the jigging bed is deduced and a calculation method, called the λ value judgment method, is proposed. The method is used to calculate the layer number and the inherent height of each particle group. A mathematical expression for the particle distribution variance is also given.

Evaluation of measurement uncertainty based on grey system theory for small samples from an unknown distribution

To evaluate measurement uncertainty for small sample size and measurement data from an unknown distribution, we propose a grey evaluation method of measurement uncertainty based on the grey relation coefficient. The uncertainty of measurement is analyzed using grey system theory, and the defects of the grey evaluation model of measurement uncertainty (GEMU) are studied. We then establish an improved grey evaluation model of measurement uncertainty (IGEMU). Simulations show that the precision of IGEMU is greater than that of GEMU, and that sample size has only a small effect on the precision of IGEVU. In particular, IGEMU is applied to evaluating measurement uncertainty for small sample size and measurement data from an unknown distribution. The measurement uncertainty of total profile deviation, which is measured by the CNC gear measuring center, can be evaluated by a combination of IGEMU and the Monte Carlo method.

Fatigue reliability assessment for bridge welded details using long-term monitoring data

A reliability assessment method of fatigue life based on the long-term monitoring data is developed for welded details in steel box girder,and the application research is presented with examples of welded rib-to-deck details in Runyang Bridges. Firstly the fatigue damage limit-state function is established based on S-N curves and Miner's rule,and the probability distribution characteristics of the coefficients in the function are discussed in detail. The uncertainties in fatigue loading effects are mainly studied based on long-term monitoring data. In the traditional studies,only the uncertainty of equivalent stress range is considered in fatigue reliability assessment. However,stress cycle number is also treated as a random variable in this paper because we know traffic flow every day differs in a thousand ways. Then the optimization method is employed to calculate the fatigue reliability. After studying the changing law of the reliability indices with time and the effect of the randomness of stress cycle number on reliability,the effect of the traffic growth on the reliability is studied. This study shows that the uncertainty in the fatigue life of the welded details can be well studied based on structural health monitoring,so it is necessary to carry out long-term strain monitoring of the welded details for accurate fatigue reliability assessment during the whole service period.

Effect of the uncertainty in soil-water characteristic curve on the estimated shear strength of unsaturated soil

Most failures or instabilities of geotechnical structures commonly result from shear failure in soil. In addition, many infrastructures are constructed within the unsaturated zone. Therefore, the determination of shear strength of unsaturated soil is crucial in geotechnical design. The soil-water characteristic curve(SWCC) is commonly used to estimate the shear strength of unsaturated soil because the direct measurement is time-consuming and costly. However, the uncertainty associated with the determined SWCC is rarely considered in the estimation of the shear strength. In this paper, the uncertainties of SWCC resulted from different factors are reviewed and discussed. The variability of the estimated shear strength for the unsaturated soil due to the uncertainty of SWCC associated with the best fit process is quantified by using the upper and lower bounds of the determined SWCC. On the other hand, the uncertainties of the estimated shear strength due to different initial void ratios or different confining pressures are quantified by adopting different SWCCs. As a result, it is recommended that the measured SWCC from the conventional Tempe cell or pressure plate needs to be corrected by considering different stress levels in the estimation of the shear strength of unsaturated soil.

ROBUST H_∞ FILTERING FOR UNCERTAIN DISCRETE-TIME STATE-DELAYED SYSTEMS: A PARAMETER-DEPENDENT LYAPUNOV APPROACH

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust H∞ filtering for linear discrete-time systems with multiple state delays and polytopic uncertain parameters. Attention is focused on the design of full-order, reduced-order and zeroth-order robust H∞ filters on the basis of a recently published parameter-dependent Lyapunov stability result. Sufficient conditions for the existence of such filters are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities, upon which admissible filters can be obtained from convex optimization problems. The proposed methodology has been shown, via a numerical example, to be much less conservative than previous filter design methods in the quadratic framework.

IDENTIFICATION ERROR BOUNDS AND ASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTIONS FOR SYSTEMS WITH STRUCTURAL UNCERTAINTIES

This work is concerned with identification of systems that are subject to not only measurement noises, but also structural uncertainties such as unmodeled dynamics, sensor nonlinear mismatch, and observation bins. Identification errors are analyzed for their dependence on these structural uncertainties. Asymptotic distributions of scaled sequences of estimation errors are derived.

Moment bounds for IID sequences under sublinear expectations

With the notion of independent identically distributed(IID) random variables under sublinear expectations introduced by Peng,we investigate moment bounds for IID sequences under sublinear expectations. We obtain a moment inequality for a sequence of IID random variables under sublinear expectations. As an application of this inequality,we get the following result:For any continuous functionsatisfying the growth condition |(x) | C(1 + |x|p) for some C > 0,p 1 depending on ,the central limit theorem under sublinear expectations obtained by Peng still holds.

Collisional Efect on Weibel Instability with Semi-Relativistic Maxwellian Distribution Function

In this paper, the Coulomb collisional effect of electron-ion on the growth rate of Weibel instability is investigated based on the semi-relativistic Maxwellian distribution function in dense and unmagnetized plasma. An analytical expression was derived for the dispersion relation of Weibel instability for two limit cases [ξ = ω＇/k‖T‖ 〉〉 1 and ｜ξ｜ 〈〈 1. In limit ｜ξ｜ 〉〉 1 the dispersion relation only includes a real part and in limit ｜ξ｜ 〈〈 1 the imaginary part of the frequency of waves＇ instability plays a role in the dispersion relation. In limit ｜ξ｜ 〈〈 1, the two quantities μ and η, that are due to the relativistic and collisional effects, will appear in the growth rate of Weibel instability. The growth rate of Weible istability will be increased through decreasing the Coulomb collisional frequency and also increasing the temperature anisotropic parameter in strong relativistic limit.

Roles of forced and inertially unstable convection development in the onset process of Indian summer monsoon

The NCEP/NCAR R1 reanalysis data are employed to investigate the impact of forced and inertial instability in the lower troposphere over the Arabian Sea on the onset process of Indian summer monsoon(ISM),and to reveal the important role of zonal advection of zonal geostrophic momentum played in the forced unstable convection.Results show that during the ISM onset the zero absolute vorticity contour(??=0)shifts northward due to the strong cross-equatorial pressure gradient in the lower troposphere over southern Arabian Sea.Thus a region with negative absolute vorticity is generated near the equator in the northern hemisphere,manifesting the evident free inertial instability.When a southerly passes through this region,under the influence of friction a lower convergence that facilitates the convection flourishing at the lower latitudes appears to the north of zero absolute vorticity contour.However,owing to such a traditional inertial instability,the convection is confined near the equator which does not have direct influence on the ISM onset.On the contrary in the region to the north of the zero absolute vorticity contour and to the south of the low pressure center near the surface,although the atmosphere there is inertially stable,the lower westerly jet can develop and bring on the apparent zonal advection of zonal geostrophic momentum.Both theoretical study and diagnosing analysis present that such a zonal advection of geostrophic momentum is closely associated with the zonal asymmetric distribution of meridional land-sea thermal contrast,which induces a convergence center near and further north of the westerly jet in the lower troposphere over the southwestern coast of the Indian Peninsula,providing a favorable lower circulation for the ISM onset.It illustrates that the development of convection over the Arabian Sea in late spring and early summer is not only due to the frictional inertial instability but also strongly affected by the zonal asymmetric distribution of land-sea thermal contrast.Moreover,before the ISM onset due to the eastward development of the South Asian High(SAH)in the upper troposphere,high potential vorticity is transported to the region over the Arabian Sea.Then a local trumpet-shaped stream field is generated to cause the evident upper divergence-pumping effect which favors the ISM onset.When the upper divergence is vertically coupled with the lower convergence resulted from the aforementioned forced unstable convection development near the southwestern coast of Indian Peninsula,the atmospheric baroclinic unstable development is stimulated and the ISM onset is triggered.

Ordinary Mode Instability in a Cairns Distributed Electron Plasma

Employing the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations, a generalized dispersion relation for the ordinary mode is derived by employing the Cairns distribution function. The instability of the mode and its threshold condition is investigated. It is found that the temperature anisotropy χ= TⅡ I⊥〉 1 required to excite the instability varies with density values whereas the growth rate is dependent on various parameters like non-thermMity A, equilibrium number density no and temperature anisotropy. It is found that with the increase in the values of any of the parameters A, no and X, the growth rate is enhanced and the k-domain is enlarged. The results are applicable for space plasma environments like solar wind.