分布理性与国际政治经济学理论研究的新拓展

完全理性、完全无理性、有限理性和非理性只是社会行为体理性特征在不同环境和阶段的表现类型,社会行为体的真实理性是以一定的概率分布存在的分布理性。社会行为体作为人类个体及群体的基本组织形式,可以区分为宏观社会行为体与微观社会行为体两种主要类型,据此把国际政治经济学区分为宏观国际政治经济学和微观国际政治经济学两个学科分支。经济人假设、管理人假设、政治人假设及以此为基础构建的国际政治经济学主要理论流派,难以对涉及跨国政治与经济活动的社会行为体的所有行为给出合理的理论解释。以分布理性为条件,提出政治经济人假设及以此为基础构建的国际政治经济学新理论分析框架,能够对国际政治经济运行过程中出现的新现象给出有价值的理论解释,以弥补现有理论研究文献的某些不足。学者需要从理性、行为、行为体类型、内容和方法等多个角度对当代国际政治经济学理论研究进行拓展,把分布理性和政治经济人假设纳入研究视野。

混合偏好模型下的分布式理性秘密共享方案

理性秘密共享方案通过扩展参与者的类型后具有更好的适应性,而现有方案中的共享秘密往往依赖于秘密分发者,但在某些特定环境中秘密分发者并不一定存在.通过对传统分布式秘密共享方案的分析,给出了分布式理性秘密共享方案的一般形式化描述;同时,考虑理性参与者的眼前利益和长远利益,提出一种新的理性参与者混合偏好模型;进一步结合机制设计理论的策略一致机制,设计了一个激励相容的信誉讨价还价机制,以此有效约束理性参与者的行为,从而实现了公平的(t,n)(t,n≥2)分布式理性秘密共享方案的构造;通过从信道类型、秘密分发者的在线/离线需求、方案的通用性和偏好模型等方面与目前相关理性秘密共享方案进行对比分析,进一步分析了所提出方案的优势.

基于欧拉函数秘密分享的RSA私钥的理性分布计算(英文)

随着分布式计算的发展,分布式计算环境中的安全性问题变得越来越突出。基于RSA算法的分布式认证和分布式数据加密等安全性机制也取得了长足的发展。不过,这些机制中大部分是基于传统密码协议中参与者类型的假设:半诚实或恶意的。本文从假设参与者是理性的这一视角出发,设计了基于RSA欧拉函数秘密分享的RSA私钥的分布式计算协议。协议中所有的参与者均是理性的,他们以自我利益为驱动。所有的参与者均采取遵守协议的执行这一策略形成了纳什均衡,并且该策略是不能严格劣势剔除的。

基于游憩行为的福州西湖公园绿地空间节点分布合理性研究

从游憩行为特征、空间节点整体满意度及空间节点基本景观属性3个方面,使用行为注记、问卷调查和现场调研法,对选取的5类空间节点进行了调查与分析,以绿地空间节点与游憩群体间的供需匹配度作为衡量空间节点分布合理性的主要标准,结果表明,(1)节假日、休息日各个节点使用人次明显高于工作日,各节点不同时间人群数量变化呈相近趋势。整体上广场节点游客数量最多,密林节点最少。(2)青年和中老年是西湖公园绿地空间节点的主要使用群体,不同年龄层段的游人群体在一天内的活动时间安排不同,一天时间内草坪节点内游憩群体类型最丰富。(3)广场节点中的游憩活动类型最为丰富,活动多样;密林节点中的游憩活动类型最少,主要以聊天和散步为主。(4)不同类型空间节点分布合理性影响因素有所不同,基本景观属性更全面,空间内容更丰富的节点与游憩群体的供需匹配度越好,总体满意度越高,更易受到游人的青睐。

Study on Influencing Factors of Farmland Soil Heavy Metals in Central Yunnan Province

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the relationship between contents of heavy metals with soil type, altitude distribution as well as physical and chemical properties. [Method] Based on determination of contents of soil heavy metals and soil physical and chemical properties from agricultural land in Central Yunnan Province, the relationship between soil heavy metals with soil type, altitude distribu- tion and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. [Result] The average contents of all heavy metals in farmland of Central Yunnan didn＇t extend their limits of Grade II in the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard （GB15618-1995）. and the heavy metals content in red soil was higher than that in other types. Soil Cd content changes slightly with the altitude, while contents of other heavy metals were greatly affected by altitude. There were extremely significant positive correlation between heavy metals and clay particle content, that is, soil with heavier texture has more heavy metals. There was positive correlation between pH and each heavy metal content; there were positive correlation between Mn with Pb, Cd, Hg and Hg; exchangeable Ca and Mg contents in soil show negative correlations with most heavy metals. [Conclusion] This study has provided scientific bases for the heavy metal management in Central Yunnan area.

我国各地区执业药师分布合理性考察

目的:了解近2年我国各地区执业药师分布的现状及特点。方法:通过每万人口人均执业药师数的指标对比分析我国各地区执业药师分布的现状;运用SPSS13.0统计分析软件,分别以人口和国内生产总值(GDP)为权重计算2006～2007年我国东部、中部和西部地区执业药师分布的泰尔指数(TI)。结果:我国的执业药师在东部经济发达地区分布较为密集,以人口为权重的TI远大于以GDP为权重的TI,TI近2年均有减少的趋势。结论:执业药师应该按药学服务的实际需求来合理分布,应加大中、西部地区执业药师的教育和培训。

Wind tunnel test for wind pressure characteristics on a saddle roof

The wind pressure characteristics on a saddle roof at wind direction along the connection of the low points are systematically studied by the wind tunnel test. First, the distributions of the mean and the fluctuating pressures on the saddle roof are provided. Through the wind pressure spectra, the process of generation, growth and break down of the vortex on the leading edge is presented from a microscopic aspect and then the distribution mechanism of the mean and fluctuating pressures along the vulnerable leading edge is explained. By analysis of the wind pressure spectra near the high points, it can be inferred that the body induced turbulence reflects itself as a high-frequency pressure fluctuation. Secondly, the third-and fourth-order statistical moments of the wind pressure are employed to identify the non-Gaussian nature of the pressure time history and to construct an easy tool to localize regions with a non-Gaussian feature. The cause of the non-Gaussian feature is discussed by virtue of the wind pressure spectra. It is concluded that the non-Gaussian feature of the wind pressure originates from the effects of flow separation and body-induced turbulence, and the former effect plays an obvious role.

Some Notes of Property of Distribution Function of Many Variables

In this paper we discuss a step further some convergence and continuity problems of distribution function on R^i. We give the following results: (1)distribution function F(x_1,…,x_k) on R^k is continuous if and only if all marginal distribution functions of F is continuous on R^1. (2)If limF_n(x_1,……,x_k)=F(x_1,…,x_k) and limF_n(x_1—0,…,x_k—0)=F(x_1—0,…,x_k—0) at all non-continuity points of F, then

A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING DISTRIBUTION OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES USING INFERENTIAL MODELING

A new technique for predicting species' geographic distribution is described.The approach involves 3 steps:①setting up geographic base data;②collecting and georeferencing distributional points;③modeling ecological niches using the biodiversity species workshop implementation of the genetic algorithm for rule set prediction (GARP).To illustrate these procedures,an example based on the Brown Eared Pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) is developed.This technique constitutes a useful tool for assessing geographic distribution for questions of ecology,biogeography,systematics,and conservation biology.

Adiabatic shear sensitivity of ductile metal based on gradient-dependent JOHNSON-COOK model

Based on the expression proposed by WANG for the local plastic shear deformation distribution in the adiabatic shear band（ASB） using gradient-dependent plasticity,the effects of 10 parameters on the adiabatic shear sensitivity were studied.The experimental data for a flow line in the ASB obtained by LIAO and DUFFY were fitted by use of the curve-fitting least squares method and the proposed expression.The critical plastic shear strains corresponding to the onset of the ASB for Ti-6Al-4V were assessed at different assigned ASB widths.It is found that the proposed expression describes well the non-linear deformation characteristics of the flow line in the ASB.Some parameters in the JOHNSON-COOK model are back-calculated using different critical plastic shear strains.The adiabatic shear sensitivity decreases as initial static yield stress,work to heat conversion factor and strain-rate parameter decrease,which is opposite to the effects of density,heat capacity,ambient temperature and strain-hardening exponent.The present model can predict the ASB width evolution process.The predicted ASB width decreases with straining until a stable value is reached.The famous model proposed by DODD and BAI only can predict a final stable value.

轿车车身冲压件RPS点分布合理性的分析

RPS是开展车身制造尺寸检测、分析的基础,其设置得合理与否直接影响到对车身进行分析、评价的准确性。文中通过对RPS点分布合理性进行分析,论证了在设置RPS点时必须考虑相关选取原则。

Characteristic Rainfall for Warning of Debris Flows

A characteristic rainfall is introduced to overcome the difficulties encountered in determining a critical rainfall value for triggering debris flow.The characteristic value is defined as the rainfall at which debris-flow occurrence probability shows a rapid increase,and can be used as a warning rainfall threshold for debris flows.Investigation of recorded debris flows and 24-hour rainfall data at Jiangjia basin,Yunnan Province,in southwestern China,demonstrates the existence of such a characteristic rainfall.It was found that the characteristic rainfall corresponds to the daily rainfall of 90% cumulative probability by analyzing the basin's daily rainfall histogram.The result provides a simple and useful method for estimating a debris-flow warning rainfall threshold from the daily rainfall distribution.It was applied to estimate the debris-flow warning rainfall threshold for the Subaohe basin,a watershed in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake zone with many physical characteristics similar to those of the Jiangjia basin.

Do copepods inhabit hypersaline waters worldwide?A short review and discussion

A small number of copepod species have adapted to an existence in the extreme habitat of hypersaline water. 13 copepod species have been recorded in the hypersaline waters of Crimea （the largest peninsula in the Black Sea with over 50 hypersaline lakes）. Summarizing our own and literal_re data, the author concludes that the Crimean extreme environment is not an exception： copepod species dwell in hypersaline waters worldwide. There are at least 26 copepod species around the world living at salinity above 100; among them 12 species are found at salinity higher than 200. In the Crimea Cletocamptus retrogressus is found at salinity 360×10^-3 （with a density of 1 320 individuals/m^3） and Arctodiaptomus salinus at salinity 300×10^-3 （with a density of 343 individuals/m^3）. Those species are probably the most halotolerant copepod species in the world. High halotolerance of osmoconforming copepods may be explained by exoosmolyte consumption, mainly with food. High tolerance to many factors in adults, availability of resting stages, and an opportunity of long-distance transportation of resting stages by birds and/or winds are responsible for the wide geographic distribution of these halophilic copepods.

Spatial Distribution of Soil Erosion Sensitivity on the Tibet Plateau

The Tibet Plateau, occupying the main part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and having an average altitude of 4 500 m, has geomorphological features that are unique in the world, with soil erosion being one of the main ecological problems. Thus the main objectives of the present research were to set up an efficient and simple way of evaluating spatial distribution of soil erosion sensitivity in the Tibet Plateau as well as the responses of soil erosion to changes of natural environmental conditions, and to indicate key regions where soil erosion should be preferentially controlled. Based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the study applied geographic information system (GIS) technology to develop a methodological reference framework, from which soil erosion sensitivity could be evaluated. The impact of precipitation, soil, topography and vegetation on soil erosion was divided into classes of extreme sensitivity, high sensitivity, medium sensitivity, low sensitivity and no sensitivity. With the aid of GIS, the resultant map from overlaying various factors showed that soil erosion sensitivity had great discrepancy in different parts of the region. In the southeastern part of the Tibet Plateau there were mainly three classes of sensitivity, namely, extreme, high and medium sensitivity. However, the other two classes, low and no sensitivity, were dominant in the northwestern part.

Effect of wave spectrum width on the probability density distribution of wind-wave heights

The probability distribution of wave heights under the assumption of narrowband linear wave theory follows the Rayleigh distribution and the statistical relationships between some characteristic wave heights, derived from this distribution, are widely used for the treatment of realistic wind waves. However, the bandwidth of wave frequency influences the probability distribution of wave heights. In this paper, a wave-spectrum-width parameter B was introduced into the JONSWAP spectrum. This facilitated the construction of a wind-wave spectrum and the reconstruction of wind-wave time series for various growth stages, based on which the probability density distributions of the wind-wave heights were studied statistically. The distribution curves deviated slightly from the theoretical Rayleigh distribution with increasing B. The probability that a wave height exceeded a certain value was clearly smaller than the theoretical value for B≥0.3, and the difference between them increased with the threshold value. The relation between the Hs/σ ratio and B was investigated statistically, which revealed that the Hs/σ ratio deviated from 4.005 and declined with B. When B reached 0.698 1, the Hs/σ ratio was 3.825, which is about 95.5% of its original value. This indicates an overestimation in the a potential method for improving the accuracy of the Hs extremely large waves under severe sea states. prediction of Hs from Hs=4.005σ, and provides remote sensing retrieval algorithm, critical for

Convergence Rate of E·B Estimation for Location Parameter Function of One-side Truncated Family Under NA Samples

In this paper, we construct the E·B estimation for parameter function of one-side truncated distribution under NA samples. Also, we obtain its convergence rate at O(n-q), where q is approaching 1/2.

Joint Linear Processing Design for Distributed Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward MIMO Relaying Networks

Linear transceiver designs are investigated for distributed two-way relaying networks,which aim at minimising the WeightedMean Square Error(WMSE) of data detections.The forwarding matrices at relays andequalization matrices at destinations are jointly optimised.To overcome the challenginglimitations introduced by individual powerconstraints,a Semi-Definite Relaxation(SDR)called element-wise relaxation is proposed,which can transform the original optimizationproblem into a standard convex optimizationproblem.In this research,two-way relaying isunderstood from a pure signal processing perspective which can potentially simplify thetheoretical analysis.Finally,simulation resultsare used for assessing the performance advantage of the proposed algorithm.

Physical properties and filter cake structure of fine clean coal from flotation

In order to improve the dewatering rate and the effect of fine clean coal(FCC), the advanced method offine coal( 0.5 mm) dewatering and the correlated basic theory were investigated in this study. It was found that the dewatering by sleeve type press filter was an efficient way of FCC dewatering. On the other hand, the results also proved that particle size distribution, volatile matter, ash content, pore size distribution and specific surface area of coal particles of FCC samples, as well as viscosity and density of FCC slurry, were important parameters in determining the process of efficient dewatering. Especially, wet mass to dry mass, specific resistance of average mass, compressibility factor and microstructure of filter cake explained the reasons and mechanisms of fine clean coal efficient dewatering.

From Chaos to Qualia： An Analysis of Phenomenal Character in Light of Process Philosophy and Self-Organizing Systems

The author will propose that qualia--typically understood as the purely subjective and phenomenal elements of experience--are not specifically brain processes, but are instead best thought of as world processes that can be characterized as distributed self-organizing networks of Whiteheadian actual entities. If this is correct, then we need not wrestle with the materialist＇s ＂hard problem＂ of explaining how consciousness can arise from the purely objective particles and forces of fundamental ptiysics, but we will need to explain in what sense microparticles and other physical objects are experiential and objectively real without embracing panpsychism. Since Whiteheadian actual entities have intrinsic natures grounding the subjective and phenomenal aspects of experience, and extrinsic relations grounding objective physical properties, we find that qualia, understood in light of Whiteheadian actual entities, can provide the metaphysical foundations for both the subjective and objective aspects of the world.