一种新型10/4开关磁阻电机电磁力分布及其振动特性研究

径向电磁力是导致开关磁阻电机振动和噪声的主要原因之一.为此,本文提出了一种新型五相10/4开关磁阻电机的本体结构,通过增加定子极对数以增大气隙磁通和电磁转矩,通过提前关断定子绕组励磁电流以减小径向电磁力.同时建立了这一新型开关磁阻电机的电磁有限元模型,仿真结果表明,在同样的励磁条件下,新型开关磁阻电机的电磁转矩较传统开关磁阻电机增大了51.7%,同时其径向电磁力却降低了45.3%.进一步分析了励磁绕组导通与关断时刻对电机的影响程度;提前2°左右机械角关断励磁绕组电流,能在保证电磁转矩输出的基础上较大程度地减小开关磁阻电机的径向电磁力.最后,仿真验证了这一新型开关磁阻电机结构减振降噪的效果.

考虑饱和的开关磁阻电机径向电磁力解析建模

为了对开关磁阻电机径向电磁力进行快速计算和分析,提出了一种开关磁阻电机电磁力的解析计算模型.该模型考虑了饱和的影响,且能够反映电磁力的分布特征.基于磁通管法推导了磁动势和等效磁导,通过磁势乘磁导建立气隙磁场模型;分析了饱和对气隙磁场的影响,并引入修正系数对模型进行修正;基于麦克斯韦张量法建立了径向分布电磁力解析计算模型,并通过有限元方法证明了该解析模型的准确性.模型可以反映电磁力与电机结构的关系,适合电机设计和改进,以及振动噪声研究时快速计算电磁力.

双管件电磁约束成形的电磁分布与均匀性变形研究

管件电磁胀形因其在轻质工领域具有成形极限高、回弹小等优点而得到广泛研究。然而传统电磁胀形过程中,存在轴向变形非均匀的问合金加题,制约了这一金属加工技术的发展。为此文中在驱动线圈和成形工件引入一约束管件来改善电磁力的分布特性,构建了基于双管件电磁约束成形方法。仿真结果表明,通过调节约束管的高度和电导率可以使成形工件取得比较高的轴向变形均匀度。此外,电磁力和成形速率的对比分析进一步表明采用基于双管件电磁约束成形方法时轴向均匀变形长度为36.3 mm,该值是传统电磁胀形方法下的2倍。显然,通过合理的引入一约束管件亦可以调节电磁力的分布规律,该研究为改善电磁力分布方式的创新提供了新的研究思路。

扫频电流下不同电流频率对GIS电磁分布特性的影响

气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)在电力传输中具有重要作用,对电力系统安全、稳定运行具有重要意义。目前,利用电力设备扫频特性对GIS机械故障进行检测的方法受到广泛关注,但缺乏对GIS在扫频电流作用下的磁场以及电磁力分布研究。为此,文中建立110 kV三相共体式GIS母线筒的有限元模型,仿真研究不同电流频率下GIS磁场及电磁力分布特征。结果表明,随着电流频率的变化,GIS内部磁场分布规律、GIS外壳和导电杆所受电磁力分布规律均不发生改变;但GIS内部磁通密度会随着电流频率增加而下降,外壳所受电磁力大小会随着电流频率的增加而增大。研究结果为利用GIS扫频特性进行机械故障检测提供了理论基础。

永磁同步电机电磁振动数值预测与分析

建立了考虑电磁力空间分布和定子等效的永磁同步电机电磁振动仿真计算模型。首先通过麦克斯韦应力张量法推导了电磁力的空间和频率特征,并考虑常见的电流谐波对电磁力频率特征的影响,之后通过有限元方法计算定子齿表面的电磁力。其次建立了考虑铁心和绕组材料各向异性的定子结构有限元模型,通过模态试验进行验证。最后将电磁力从电磁网格转移到结构网格上通过模态叠加法计算电磁振动,仿真计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,并对比了分布力与集中力两种力加载方法下的电磁振动结果。通过该文的研究发现考虑电磁力的空间分布和定子等效是电磁振动准确预测的关键因素,同时仿真与试验结果均表明开关频率附近的电流谐波对电磁振动影响显著。

电磁成形中电磁技术问题研究进展

电磁成形是一种高速率脉冲成形技术,因其能大幅改善金属材料成形性能而得到广泛关注,其研究主要涉及材料科学与电磁技术两大问题。纵观其发展历史,电磁成形材料科学问题得到大力发展而电磁技术问题相对滞后。该文在阐述电磁成形基本原理与电磁力分布的基础上,将目前涌现的新技术划分为改善电磁力分布的电磁成形技术、改变电磁力施加方式的电磁成形技术、与传统机械加工相结合的电磁成形技术三大类别。针对每一类技术,分别阐述了其解决的技术问题、实现方案及成形效果,并进一步指出其存在的技术难点与研究方向。此外,介绍了目前解决驱动线圈结构强度与温升问题的方法,指出长寿命驱动线圈是电磁成形实现工业化应用的前提。电磁技术问题的深入研究带动了电磁成形技术的快速发展,未来仍需攻克“柔性电磁力加载”和“驱动线圈温升”两大难题,推动电磁成形工业化应用进程。

电脉冲除冰系统电磁脉冲力仿真分析

为了获得更精确的电脉冲除冰(EIDI)系统中电磁力在飞机蒙皮上的分布及其随时间变化的情况,针对系统的工作原理与工作过程进行了仿真研究。计算分析了EIDI系统电路中电流随时间变化的关系;通过麦克斯韦方程组的求解完成了EIDI系统电磁场的仿真;计算分析了电磁力随时间变化的规律,获得了蒙皮上的磁感应强度分布、涡电流密度分布和瞬态电磁力密度分布。考虑线圈工作时蒙皮对其电感的影响,建立了更接近真实电路的激励加载方法,得到了准确的电磁力变化趋势;考虑趋肤效应对蒙皮厚度方向上涡电流密度、电磁力密度分布的影响,用有限元分析方法使蒙皮上电磁力分布的计算更为全面合理。

Study of electromagnetic characteristics of stress distribution and sudden changes in the mining of gob-surrounded coal face

The incidence of dynamic coal or rock disasters is closely related to the distribution of stress in the surrounding rock. Our experiments show that electromagnetic radiation （EMR） signals are related to the state of stress of a coal body. The higher the stress, the more intense the deformation and fractures of a coal body and the stronger the EMR signals. EMR signals reflect the degrees of concentrated stress of a coal body and danger of a rock burst. We selected EMR intensity as the test index of the No.237 gob-surrounded coal face in the Nanshan coal mine. We tested the EMR characteristics of the stress distribution on the strike, on the incline and in the interior of the coal body. The EMR rule of rock bursts, caused by sudden changes in stress, is analyzed. Our research shows that EMR technology can be not only used to test qualitatively the stress distribution of the surrounding rock, but also to predict a possible occurrence of rock burst. Based on this, effective distress measures are used to eliminate or at least weaken the incidence of rock bursts. We hooe that safetv in coalmines will be enhanced.

Direct-chilling casting of Mg alloy under electromagnetic and ultrasonic combined field

The effects of low frequency electromagnetic (LFEC) field and ultrasonic (US) field on the microstructures, macrosegregation of alloying elements and the mechanical properties of DC cast AZ80 alloy were studied. The results show that both LFEC and US fields can refine the grains of the billets, which results in the increase in mechanical properties and uniformity of alloying element distribution. The effective refinement takes place on the edge of ingots when LFEC field is applied, while in the center of billets when field US is adopted. Combined the characteristics of LFEC and US fields, a new process for direct-chilling (DC) casting of Mg-electromagnetic-ultrasonic (ECUS) casting is developed, by which the grains are refined significantly and are more uniform in the whole ingots, and the mechanical properties of the ingots are improved.

Improving Residence Time Distribution in Glass Melting Tanks Using Additionally Generated Lorentz Forces

Continuous glass melting tanks represent thermo-chemical reactors with very complex flow patterns. Controlling the flow patterns within the glass melting tanks with the aim of improving their performance is one of the glass industry primary challenges. The tank performance is basically determined by the RTD （residence time distribution） of the glass melt, which directly impacts the glass quality and energy distribution. In the present work, numerical simulations are carried out on the electromagnetic flow control to investigate how well the flow can be controlled by externally generated electromagnetic （Lorenz） forces that are added to the glass melt. Furthermore, the melting tanks are equipped with supplementary electric heating systems called ＂electric boosters＂. The desired result would be an improved RTD. The electromagnetic flow control is called ＂electromagnetic boosting＂ and can be realized by exposing the glass bath to an external magnetic field generating Lorentz forces on the glass melt as an additional flow component. The numerical simulations of the present study require coupled calculations of electromagnetic field, flow field, and temperature field, because the material properties of glass melt are strongly temperature-dependent. The computational results show that electromagnetic boosting is an excellent way of improving the RTD in glass melting tanks, ultimately resulting in better glass quality and increased productivity. Of course, the glass industry is highly interested in achieving exactly this result.

矩形线圈电磁成形磁场力数值模拟分析

针对板料电磁成形时,随着板料尺寸的不断变化,矩形线圈产生的电磁力分布也不相同的现象进行数值模拟分析及相关试验验证。分别对大尺寸板料及小尺寸板材（板料尺寸小于矩形线圈尺寸）的电磁成形力分布进行数值模拟,得到不同板料上的电磁力分布情况。进行小尺寸板料的电磁成形试验：在板材的尺寸大小、成形电压等均相同的情况下,通过改变板料相对线圈位置高度,得到小尺寸板料在不同位置时的成形效果。并结合数值模拟得出相关规律,确定了小尺寸板料电磁成形时的最优成形条件为：当板料处于矩形电磁线圈的两个电磁力峰值之间的位置时,即,当相对线圈位置高度l=7~13 mm时,板料的电磁成形效果最佳。