砒砂岩区地貌形态三维分形特征量化及空间变异

针对现有地貌形态三维分形模型结构存在的不足,构建一个新的地貌形态三维分形维数测算模型。基于该模型对砒砂岩区274个小流域的地貌形态三维分形维数进行计算并分析其空间变异规律。研究表明：1基于该模型计算的分形维数能更准确地反映地貌形态复杂度信息;2砒砂岩区小流域地貌形态三维分形维数介于1.683 6~1.948 6之间;3地貌形态三维分形维数整体上覆土砒砂岩区（均值为1.765 9）〈裸露砒砂岩强度侵蚀区（均值为1.785 4）和剧烈侵蚀区（均值为1.774 8）〈覆沙砒砂岩区（均值为1.796 6）。由于地表覆盖物、砒砂岩裸露程度和土壤侵蚀机理的差异而形成的不同地貌特征是该区地貌形态分形特征空间变异的主要原因。

辛几何模态分解和广义形态分形维数的液压泵故障诊断

针对液压泵故障诊断问题,本文提出了一种基于辛几何模态分解和广义形态分形维数相结合的方法。对实测液压泵多模态故障振动信号进行分解;基于所提出的能量选取法,重构含有丰富运行特征信息的模态分量,并将其作为数据源;基于数据源提取,实现对液压泵不同故障的诊断。通过对比分析仿真和实测液压泵故障振动信号的试验结果,验证了该方法可以有效地诊断液压泵不同故障。

改进AMD广义形态分形维数和KFCMC的液压泵故障诊断方法

针对液压泵故障诊断问题,提出了一种基于改进解析模态分解(AMD)、广义形态分形维数(GMFD)和核模糊C均值聚类(KFCMC)相结合的新方法。根据故障特征频率先验知识,在有效二分频范围内对实测液压泵多模态故障振动信号进行AMD分解,并基于欧氏距离法选定实现最优分解的二分频;将基于最优二分频所提取含有丰富运行特征信息的故障分量信号作为数据源,并提取GMFD作为特征向量;利用KFCMC实现对液压泵不同故障的诊断。此外,还利用原始AMD、经验模态分解(EMD)、集总经验模态分解(EEMD)、局部均值分解(LMD)、变分模态分解(VMD)和模糊C均值聚类(FCMC)方法对上述信号进行分析,结果表明所提方法效果要优于上述传统分解和诊断方法。通过对仿真和实测液压泵故障振动信号的实验验证,表明该方法可以有效地诊断液压泵不同故障。

由形态分形到秩序分形——以湖南省岳阳市张谷英村为例

研究非洲聚落与分形的数学家RonEglash在TED大会上做过关于非洲分形数学的演讲,"……我开始收集北美以及南太平洋的建筑图案,只有来自非洲的是呈现分形的结构。"事实上,分形的聚落在中国也是存在的,更多的情况下它是一种被掩盖的空间秩序,在物质空间形态上的表现并不十分明显。聚落生长是在一定的规则支配下进行的,"分形聚落"的生长规则中就隐藏了分形的生成机制。该文以张谷英村为例,通过测量、问询和查阅相关历史文献资料,分析其内在空间秩序呈现分形的原因,并说明研究聚落的内在空间秩序才是认识"分形聚落"的关键。

基于变分模态分解与形态学分形的压缩机故障诊断方法

往复压缩机被广泛应用于石油化工、冶金、矿业、电力的行业,是工业过程的核心设备。为保证工业生产平稳有序进行,有必要对其开展检测与诊断工作。利用变分模态分解(VMD)与形态学分形相结合的方法,可以提高往复压缩机常见故障的识别准确率,该方法对往复压缩机运行的安全性与平稳性有重要的现实意义。

洪崖洞区域的城市形态分形剖析

洪崖洞是一个典型的、最能代表重庆特色的一个地标性建筑群,依山而建的吊脚楼充满山地城市的独特魅力,该地域的特色建筑通过各种传递渠道,为城市过客和住民所感知。文章通过现有的计算方法,结合洪崖洞地势的具体数据,得出适合洪崖洞依山傍水的形态分维值,并以此为基础作出研究。

用分形方法研究水力压裂裂缝扩展机理

根据岩石断裂力学理论证明了水力压裂裂缝具有与缝内压力分布无关的自相似扩展特征,在此基础上,建立了裂纹扩展的分形弯折模型来描述裂纹的动态扩展,根据这个模型,推导了考虑裂纹分形扩展的裂缝宽度方程,从而可以在给定条件下计算出裂缝维数,缝内压力分布,裂缝延伸速度,裂缝尺寸等。

扩散限制聚集模型

DLA模型以极其简单的算法模拟了复杂的无序形态 ,很快被视为描述远离平衡态生长的主要范例 .本文综述了对该模型分形形态和物理机制方面的研究工作 ,着重讨论了近年来一些理论框架建构的新进展 .

模拟降雨条件下径流侵蚀力与地貌特征的动态响应关系

本文通过模拟降雨模型试验,用高精度摄影测量、GIS技术和分形理论,对不同雨强条件下小流域模型次降雨径流侵蚀力和地貌形态分形维数变化及其动态响应关系进行了研究。结果表明,基于次降雨洪峰流量模数和径流深乘积的流域尺度径流侵蚀力量化方法揭示了径流的做功效率;大雨强的次降雨径流侵蚀力明显高于小雨强,不同雨强的次降雨径流侵蚀力随模拟降雨场次增加均呈现较为相似的变化趋势;小流域模型历经25场模拟降雨,地貌形态趋于复杂化,地貌形态分形维数呈波动增加趋势;小流域模型地貌形态分形维数的所处取值范围对于相同降雨条件下次降雨径流侵蚀力变化趋势具有决定性影响。本研究揭示了地貌形态特征与次降雨径流侵蚀力空间变异定量作用关系,提高了流域尺度土壤侵蚀预报模型精度和适用性。

Effects of Tobacco Plastid Division Genes NtFtsZ1 and NtFtsZ2 on the Division and Morphology of Chloroplasts

As an important group of plant cellular organelles, the molecular mechanism of plastid division is poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that the homologs of ftsZ gene, an essential prokaryotic cell division gene, are involved in plastid division process of plant cells. Antisense and sense expression constructions were employed to investigate the functions of the two ftsZ genes, NtFtsZ1 and NtFtsZ2, in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. plants. Although antisense expression of,NtFtsZs reduced the native protein level obviously, the size and number of chloroplasts in transgenic tobacco plants had no effect. In contrast, overexpression of NtFtsZs in transgenic plants strikingly changed the number and morphology of chloroplasts. Even only 1 - 2 huge chloroplasts could be seen in the mesophyll cells of some overexpression transgenic plants. Analyses of chloroplast ultrastructures and chlorophyll content of different transgenic plants suggested that NtFtsZs gene have no direct influence on the normal development and function of chloroplasts. ne changes in chloroplast morphology must be a compensation for the change in chloroplast number. The different phenotypes of chloroplasts in antisense and sense transgenic plants implied that different members from the same ftsZ gene family may have similar function in controlling plastid division. Meanwhile, the changes of chloroplast morphology in sense transgenic plants represented the possible plastoskeleton function of ftsZ in higher plant.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF METARRHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE IN BIOTRANSFORMATION OF STEROID

The fermentation with mold metarrhizium anisopliae has been carried out to determine the relationship between mycelial morphology and growth.Like the biomass concentration,the mycelial morphology seems to be coupled to growth phases:the fractal dimension,a feature calculated from the morphological images,increases during the late lag phase and the early exponential phase,and culminates at a value near 2.4 at half of the exponential phase.This can be attributed to the marked change of rough and smooth pellet proportions during growth and the change can be well expressed by the fractal analysis of mycelial morphology.The mycelial morphology is also strongly related to the biotransformation activity:a mycelial sample was withdrawn from the culture to use for fractal analysis before the steroid substrate (16α,17α epoxy 4 pregnene 3,20 dione) was added;the higher fractal dimension corresponds to the higher conversion rate of steroid biotransformation.And the maximum of fractal dimension appeared prior to the maximum of biomass concentration.It is therefore possible to utilize the fractal dimension curve to supervise the fermentation process more timely and availably than to use the conventional biomass curve to do.

A Novel Algorithm to Extract Weighted Critical Area

inductive fault analysis is a technique for enumerating likely bridges that is limited by the weighted critical area computation. Based on the rectangle model of a real defect and mathematical morphology, an efficient algorithm is presented to compute the weighted critical area of a layout. The algorithm avoids the need to determine which rectangles belong to a net and the merging of the critical area corresponding to a net pair. Experimental resuits showing the algorithm＇s performance are presented.

Fractal Features of Urban Morphology and Simulation of Urban Boundary

Using fractal dimension to reflect and simulate urban morphology are two applications of fractal theory in city geography. As the only consistent description of a fractal, fractal dimension plays an important role in describing the basic features of fractals. Just like other fractals, our cities have similar characteristics. Fractal dimension to some extent is regarded as an indicator of urban expansion, and it may change with urban morphology in different time and space. Based on the Geographic Information System (GIS), taking Wuhan city as a test area, the fractal dimensions of different land use were calculated, and a linear regression equation was established to analyze the relationship between fractal dimension and residential areas. Then the author used fractal dimension to simulate the urban boundary which is an important part of urban mor-phology. A mid-point subdivision fractal generator is needed in the simulation process, and the shape of the generator is determined by fractal dimension. According to the fractal theory, fractal boundaries in different scales have self-similarity and they have the same fractal dimensions. Based on this fact, the simulation method the author used could quantitatively keep the similarity of configuration of the urban boundaries.

Quantitative analysis of intrusive body morphology and its relationship with skarn mineralization——A case study of Fenghuangshan copper deposit, Tongling, Anhui, China

The shapes of intrusive body and contact zone might influence the formation and distribution of orebodies in skarn deposit.By taking Xinwuli intrusive body in Fenghuangshan copper deposit,Tongling,Anhui,China,as the research object,a new method was used to obtain the quantitative relationship between intrusion morphology and skarn mineralization.The first step of the method was to extract morphological characteristic parameters based on mathematical morphology and Euclidean distance transformation;then the quantitative relationship between the parameters and orebodies was analyzed;finally correlational analyses between the parameters and mineralization indices were conducted.The results show that morphological characteristic parameters can effectively indicate the location of concealed ore bodies in skarn deposit,with the following parts as advantageous positions of skarn mineralization:(1)the parts away from the1st trend surface in the range from?25to50m;(2)the convex parts about200m away from the2nd trend surface,around which the tangent plane of the intrusive body is approximately consistent with the trend surface;(3)the contact zones with angle between intrusive body original contact surface and trend contact surface ranging from35°to70°;(4)the parts with angle between intrusive body original contact surface and regional extruding far crustal stress ranging from50°to60°.These knowledge can be applied to more skarn deposits for future mineral exploration.

Pest Detection Method Using Multi-Fractal Analysis

A novel method for pest detection is proposed based on the theory of multi-fractal spectrum to extract pests on plant leaves.Both local and global information of the image regularity were obtained by multi-fractal analysis.By applying fractal dimension,the spots on leaf images can be extracted without loosing or introducing any information.The different parts of images are re-analysis by morphology operations to determine the candidate regions of pests.The performance of multi-fractal analysis of whitefly detection is investigated through greenhouse experiments.The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to noise from light and is not sensitive to the complex environment.

Fractal identification of wear debris group in sliding wear process

Fractal geometry was used to describe the distribution characteristics of wear debris group collected from pin-on-disc wear tester under dry friction conditions, and experimental study and theoretical analysis were made for the distribution features of wear debris group. It was found that the wear debris size distribution conforms to the fractal distribution law. Two numerical parameters, fractal dimension D and scale coefficient C, were defined with their geometric and tribological meanings and calculating methods given. It was discovered that these two parameters can be used to describe the variation law of wear status, which provide the basis for diagnosis and prognosis of tribological systems.

Fractal character of lenticles and its influence on sediment state in tailings dam

The distribution of tailings lenticles reflects the sediment state of tailing dam, and has a great influence on the stability of the dam. In order to disclose the distribution law of tailings lenticles in theory, 12 geological cross-sections, including 7 cross-sections of tailings dam constructed by the upstream method and 5 cross-sections by the middle line method, were analyzed with box dimension method. The results show that the distribution of tailings lenticles has better fractal character with box dimension from 1.290 7 to 1.513 6. The box dimension of the tailings dam constructed by upstream method is nearly 1.50 and that by middle line method is 1.30. Thereby the values of lenticles dimension have obvious relation to the method of constructing dam, and reflect the sediment state of tailings dam with the rule that smaller value means better state.

Morphological Study of Ficus deltoidea Jack in Malaysia

Ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that enable differentiation being done according to its variety groups. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） using cluster software package programme to produce the scatter diagram and dendrogram relationship of the taxa. The results showed that there were 25 morphological characters having the value of factor analysis greater than 0.60 from its principal component （PC） with the Eigen value greater than 1.0. 16 out of 40 morphological characters had been identified as having high values of correlation coefficient ranging from -0.783 to 0.890. The analysis showed that the most responsible characters in grouping the samples into different groups are the shape and size of leaf, number and color of dots on the leaf surface and characters of syconium. The scatter diagram of the accessions on the PC1 against PC2 showed six major groups. The dendrogram displayed the relationship among the accessions and within the dissimilarity distance = 19, it classified the samples into five major groups. Observation on F. deltoidea resulted in the findings of high variability among the accessions. The most significant characters in grouping accessions are the shapes of leaf base （BL）, shape of leaf apex （SA）, ratio of lamina width to lamina length （R）, dots color at the lower midrib （DLM）, color of young syconium （CYS）, color of mature syconium （CMS） and the number of syconium on trees （DST）. This study provides basic information for introduction of some particular traits and effective conservation of the species breeding programme. The morphological traits were found to be useful for the diversity studies and in identifying the variation. The actual figures of F. deltoidea obtained through this study enable comparison being done to the previous and in future study. Hence, the varieties that are extinct could be recognised.

Morphology and fractal characteristic of deposits formed during fiber bundle media filtration

The scanning electronic microscope and automated image analyzer are adopted to investigate the morphology of deposits formed during fiber bundle media filtration, which results in the discovery of the self—similarity of the deposits. Then in this paper it is proposed that the deposits are a fractal structure. Moreover, the fractal dimension value is related to the filter performance. The higher the fractal dimension value, the higher the filtration efficiency, and the longer filtration cycle, but the development of the head loss is also faster.

Visual Evaluation of the Morphologic Structure of Nonwovens Using Image Analysis and Fractal Geometry

Nonwovens are fiber materials which are based on nonwoven technologies. For the complexity and randomness of nonwovens morphologic structures, it is difficult to express them effectively using classical method. Fractal geometry gives us a new idea and a powerful tool to study on irregularity of geometric objects. Therefore, we studied on the pore size, pore shape, pore size distribution and fiber orientation distribution of real nonwovens using fractal geometry combined with computer image analysis to evaluate nonwovens’ morphologic structures.