人质谈判中的分心术

人质谈判中的分心术是警方缓解劫持者紧张和敏感情绪,保护人质的一种重要方法,同时也是警方采用强攻和使用狙击手击毙劫持者的有效策略。它包括话题分心术、人质分心术、围控假象分心术、外物分心术、疲劳分心术、情景分心术和假性交易分心术等,在实战运用时要注意合理自然、时机恰当、诚恳实在和果断及时。

Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on tight junction protein expressions in intestinal mucosa of rats

AIM： To investigate the tight junction protein expressions of intestinal mucosa in an experimental model of cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） in rats. METHODS： Thirty anesthetized rats were randomly divided into two groups： Group S （n = 10） served as sham operation and group C （n = 20） served as CPB which underwent CPB for 1 h. Expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） were determined by Western blotting and immunotochemistry, respectively. Plasma levels of diamine oxidase （DAO） and d-lactate were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometry. RESULTS： Immunohistochemical localization of occludin and ZO-1 showed disruption of the tight junctions in enterocytes lining villi at the end of CPB and 2 h after CPB. The intensities of the occludin and ZO-i at the end of CPB were lower than those of control group （76.4% ± 22.5% vs 96.5% ± 28.5% and 62.4% ± 10.1% vs 85.5% ±25.6%, P 〈 0.05） and were further lower at 2 h after CPB （50.5% ± 10.5% and 45.3% ± 9.5%, P 〈 0.05）. Plasma d-lactate and DAO levels increased significantly （8.688 ± 0.704 vs 5.745 ± 0.364 and 0.898 ± 0.062 vs 0.562 ± 0.035, P 〈 0.05） at the end of CPB compared with control group and were significantly higher at 2 h after CPB than those at the end of CPB （9.377 ± 0.769 and 1.038 ± 0.252, P 〈 0.05）. There were significant negative correlations between occludin or ZO-1 expression and DAO （r^2 = 0.5629,r^2 = 0.5424, P 〈 0.05） or d-lactate levels （r^2 = 0.6512,r^2 = 0.7073, P 〈 0.05） both at the end of CPB and 2 h after CPB. CONCLUSION： CPB markedly down-regulates the expression of occludin and ZO-1 proteins in intestinal mucosa of rats. The close correlation between expression of tight junctions （TJs） and plasma levels of DAO or d-lactate supports the hypothesis that intestinal permeability increases during and after CPB because of decreases in the expressions of TJs.

Muse Turned ＂Femme Fatale＂ in D. G. Rossetti＇s Painting and Poetry

In many of D. G. Rossetti＇s paintings, Elizabeth Siddal appears as a model. In real life, they formed a married couple, and the relatonship was not as idealistic as it might have been, between a muse-figure and an artist. After Elizabeth＇s death, Rossetti seemed to have been preoccupied with the ＂Lilith＂ theme in his painting and poetry and somehow he could not free himself from the haunting memory of the ＂wronged wife＂, the muse. This often found manifestation in his portrayal of the ＂femme fatale＂ images. Applying psychoanalysis to art-criticism and literary appreciation, this paper is an attempt to explore the relationship between a model and an artist, which both psychologically and aesthetically, seemed to be working beyond the former＇s death. Through a detailed analysis of the ＂Lilith＂ image in D. G. Rossetti＇s art, this paper has shown the coplexities of the artist＇s agony and anxiety over the image of a muse, a homely beloved--turned into a threatening ＂femme fatale＂, now distant, unknown, frightening yet fascinating, and mystified by death.

Prognostic factors in 408 elderly lung cancer patients over 70 years old

Objective: The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in people over 70 years were increased in the past 10 years. We defined age 70 years as boundary line of the elderly patients in lung cancer and analyzed and identified the factors affecting prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study had enrolled 408 cases of lung cancer aged over 70 years old and SPSS13.0 software was used in univariate analysis and COX regression analysis to analyze factors affecting prognosis, such as gender, age, complications, symptoms, pathological type, clinical stage, effusion, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and so on. Results: In univariate analysis, symptoms, stage, effusion, surgery, chemotherapy and chemotherapy cycles showed affecting prognosis significantly. In COX regression analysis, it showed that clinical stage (P = 0.000), surgery (P = 0.013), chemotherapy cycles (P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Elderly lung cancer patients could be benefit from surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy while early stage. At late stage, their survival time may be prolonged when receive chemotherapy at least 4 cycles. Single-agent chemotherapy would be a good choice for elderly lung cancer. Effusion, particularly, pericardial effusion significantly influenced the prognosis, so that it should be effectively controlled.

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Regional Extreme Low Temperature Events in China during 1960-2009

An objective identification technique is used to detect regional extreme low temperature events （RELTE） in China during 1960-2009. Their spatial-temporal characteristics are analyzed. The results indicate that the lowest temperatures of RELTE, together with the frequency distribution of the geometric latitude center, exhibit a double-peak feature. The RELTE frequently happen near the geometric area of 30°N and 42°N before the mid-1980s, but shifted afterwards to 30°N. During 1960-2009, the frequency~ intensity, and the maximum impacted area of RELTE show overall decreasing trends. Due to the contribution of RELTE, with long duratioh and large spatial range, which account for 10% of the total RELTE, there is a significant turning point in the late 1980s. A change to a much more steady state after the late 1990s is identified. In addition, the integrated indices of RELTE are classified and analyzed.

Borges＇ Poetics of Visible Unrealities

Close reading and inter-textual analysis of Borges＇ essays, fiction, and poetry suggest a poetics of visible unrealities, a fiction that calls attention to its own artifice. Borges＇s poetics of reading and dreaming require another poetics of the work as a text that calls attention to its own artifice. In reading Borges＇ fiction, the separate roles and identities of reader, writer, and work of fiction merge and exchange roles, powers, and identities and are transformed into a single act of dreaming, which assumes cosmogonic and apocalyptic risks. In the dominant role given to the reader, the work of fiction as an object or work of art does not exist unless it is read. There is no determinate text, only a version of our own we re-write and invent every time we read the text. The author＇s reading is not a spontaneous evocation of vision, but an artifice, as artificial as the writing of the fiction. As writers and readers we are composed of texts and schemata, alphabets and artifacts, not merely mental perceptions and ideas. The reader requires a prior text to copy, translate, and recreate, and that text only exists as a fictional microcosm in so far as it is being read by a Reader who is able to actualize the revelation only imminent within it.

Technological Analysis on Improvement of Hydraulic Cylinder Structure

Hydraulic equipment is widely applied in the fields of engineering construction, manufacture and mining. As the core component of hydraulic equipment, hydraulic cylinder will directly affect the whole operation of hydraulic equipment. This paper will analyze the improvement of hydraulic cylinder structure and expect to enhance its reliability and stability.

The Impact of Outsourcing on Business Performance： An Empirical Analysis

Corporate decisions related to ＂make or buy＂ have significantly changed over the last 20 years, since the rush towards concentration on core business of the 1980s has progressively lost grasp. Although long-term alliances and mega deals are replacing the existing spot contracts, both academic literature and managerial practices still lack appropriate models for coping with such decisions. As a consequence, the traditional accounting approach, extensively based on emerging costs and cost savings, seems to be less and less effective in the governance of such phenomena. On the other hand, the managerial literature still suffers significant gaps in modeling the relations between outsourcing and business performance. The attention paid to the subject in past decades has not been matched by the rigor in assessing the actual impact on business performance. This paper aims to fill some of the existing gaps by presenting an original empirical study based on the analysis of the impact of outsourcing decisions on business performance.

Managing and Measuring Business Networks in Russia

The research topic of this article ＂Managing and measuring business networks in Russia＂ has been under consideration in three successive research projects oriented to Russian business to business （B2B） networks. The projects have been accomplished by HAMK, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Tampere University of Technology （TUT）. Russian experts from The Higher School of Economics in Moscow and the Graduate School of Management in St. Petersburg were involved in these projects. We asked how managing and measuring B2B networks should be developed, when a company becomes established to Russian market. Both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods were used. Results concerning performance measurement presented in this article are based on data which was collected using survey and a questionnaire. Methodical triangulation was carried out as both research instruments produced 17 full answers for questions concerning performance measurement. Wider results are based on about 200 face-to-face interviews and answers for questionnaires. Results indicate that in Russia the management and leadership models as well as the company performance measurement should be adjusted to Russian traditions. Networked companies have difficulties in applying matrix type organizations in Russia, as management practices are based traditionally on authoritarian leadership. However, clear and specific targets should be set for projects and strategic business areas. Targets and bonuses should be agreed on with managers and staff throughout the company and the business network. Personal networks, within project stake- holders, have more emphasis in Russia than in Finland, because personal relations to authorities＇, and organizations are needed at every stage of the project. Therefore, managing SMEs working in B2B networks is challenging in Russia. In this article, a method for setting and implementing strategic targets for a business networked company is presented. Understanding networked performance measurement indicators will enable successful business for all networked partners in the long tenn.