表面活性剂对渣油沥青质体系分散性质的影响

通过流变学参数法研究十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、十六烷基-三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、油酸(OA)和椰子胺(CA)对轮古常渣(LGAR甲)-苯溶液中沥青质分散性质的影响。结果表明,LGAR甲-苯溶液中,沥青质存在形态为流体力学意义上的球形,表面活性剂能促进沥青质溶剂化,使沥青质颗粒不规则程度增大。表面活性剂促进沥青质溶剂化能力大小顺序为CA>OA>SDS>CTAB;SDS、OA和CA具有沥青质解缔作用,且解缔能力大小顺序为CA>OA>SDS,而CTAB则在一定程度上促进沥青质缔合。

水下岩溶浆液抗分散性质试验研究及工程应用

开发了一种水下岩溶注浆材料抗分散性质测试装置,能科学评价注浆浆液的抗分散性质。利用该装置进行了改性黏土水泥膏浆充填水下岩溶的抗分散性质试验,采用留存率指标对浆液在不同水固比、岩溶水流速下的抗分散性质进行了定量评价,并对留存体进行物理力学性能测试。试验表明,改性黏土水泥膏浆抗分散性能受浆液水固比、岩溶充填物及岩溶水流速等因素影响明显,在不大于0.8 m/s的岩溶水流速下浆液抗分散性能良好,随着浆液水固比或岩溶水流速的减小,浆液留存率呈增大趋势,而充填物的存在会显著提高浆液的留存率。取留存体进行物理力学性能测试,留存体密实度受充填物影响较大,浆液水固比次之,岩溶水流速影响较小;动水岩溶环境下注浆时,浆液顺水扩散距离大于逆水扩散距离,浆液黏度对扩散距离影响明显,岩溶水流速有利于浆液沿顺水流方向扩散而抑制浆液沿逆水流方向扩散;留存体28 d抗压强度受抗冲条件影响明显,影响因素中充填物对留存体的抗压强度影响最大,其次为浆液水固比和岩溶水流速,岩溶水养护环境下28 d抗压强度明显小于淡水环境养护,但仍可达3 MPa。经工程应用原型试验表明,改性黏土水泥膏浆可用于一定岩溶水流速下的岩溶区治理,室内试验提出的水下岩溶治理工程浆液配比选取原则可行,可为盾构隧道水下岩溶注浆治理提供理论指导。

大庆油田三元复合驱油体系的分散性质研究

应用光学显微镜确定了大庆油田三元复合体系是一种分散体系 ,表面活性剂以分子聚集体的形式分散在体系中。二元体系的粘度随表面活性剂浓度的增加而增大。该表面活性剂的cmc范围为0 04%～0 06 % ,在三元情况下 ,平衡后水相中表面活性剂浓度不大于0 063 %。二元体系与油乳化平衡后 ,水相中表面活性剂浓度在0 08 %以下。大部分表面活性剂以乳化状态存在于油水相之间。

速凝浆液抗分散性质与凝胶性能试验研究

为了科学评价注浆浆液的抗分散性质与凝胶性能,设计速凝浆液抗分散性质试验装置,能够模拟浆液在未凝胶之前即受到动水冲刷的关键过程。利用该装置开展水泥水玻璃浆液与改性聚氨酯浆液的抗分散性质试验,并定义浆液留存率指标,对速凝浆液在动水条件下的抗分散性质进行定量评价。试验表明:水泥水玻璃浆液在较小动水流速条件下抗分散性能较好,随着动水流速的增大,浆液留存率迅速减小,其抗分散性质还受到水灰比、水泥浆与水玻璃体积比等因素的影响;改性聚氨酯浆液在较大动水流速条件下仍具有较高的浆液留存率,较水泥水玻璃浆液具有更为优良的抗分散性质和凝胶性能。根据速凝浆液抗分散性质与凝胶性能的试验分析结果,提出突水灾害治理注浆浆液的选择原则与综合治理措施。

核壳胶粒增韧改性聚丙烯研究 2.分散相性质的影响

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝改性聚丙烯 ( PP- g- GMA)作为界面改性剂 ,采用尺寸可控的聚丙烯酸丁酯 ( PBA) /聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ( PMMA)反应性核壳胶粒与聚丙烯 ( PP)进行反应共混 ,研究了核壳胶粒及胶粒核层交联度对 PP/PP- g- GMA/核壳胶粒共混物冲击力学性质的影响 .结果表明 ,当核壳胶粒在 0 .38～ 1 .58μm变化 ,较大尺寸的胶粒有利于增韧 ;随胶粒核层的交联剂浓度由 0增加到 5%,发现存在最适合于增韧的胶粒核层交联度 .研究还显示 ,核壳胶粒尺寸与核层交联度对 PP增韧的影响之间存在相互作用 ,最适合于增韧的胶粒核层交联度 (交联剂浓度 )随胶粒尺寸变化而改变 ,这可用空穴化

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation of Microscopic Properties in Diblock Copolymer Films

Mean-square bond length, root-mean-square end-to-end distance and gyration radius in diblock copolymer films have been studied by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Results show evident linear trends of any property separately with the thickness of film, the interaction between particles of different types, the repulsion between particle and boundary, except for the dependence of the variations of mean-square bond length on the thickness of film, which exhibits as a wave trend. What＇s more, the varying trends of mean-square bond length and root-mean-square end-to-end distance can correspond to each other. The density distribution of either component in diblock copolymer film can be controlled and adjusted effectively through its interaction with boundary.

Controllable preparation of ZnO porous flower through a membrane dispersion reactor and their photocatalytic properties

Three dimensional (3D) flower-like basic zinc carbonate constructed by multilayered nanoplates were rapidly prepared at room temperature through the direct precipitation method coupled with membrane dispersion technology, and porous ZnO with similar structures could be obtained after calcining the precursor. The structural properties of the products before and after the calcining process were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD.The supersaturation of the reaction system due to the membrane dispersion played an important role in the formation of uniform Zn_5(CO_3)_2(OH)_6 precursors. A plausible mechanism was proposed for the formation of the flower-like ZnO assembled by nanoplates composed of nanoparticles. The obtained ZnO microspheres showed excellent photocatalytic properties, which could be attributed to the open structure and remarkable amount of porous nanoplates.

Dispersion mechanism of nano-magnetite coated with oleate in aqueous carrier

To investigate dispersion mechanism of water-based ferrofluid, the effects of electrolytes on the dispersibility of ferrofluid in the dispersing system with different pH values were discussed. The ζ-potential of magnetic nano-particles was measured to discover the adsorbent state of oleate group on the surface of magnetite particles. The mechanism that coexisting electrolyte influences the dispersibility was studied. The results show that the electrolyte affects the stability of ferrofluid through an effect on the structure of surfactant bilayer adsorption, which was proved by ζ-potential measured. The associated mechanism of steric and electrostatic is dominant in aqueous ferrofluid.

Full polarization scattering characteristics of sea fractal surface

In the conventional single polarization SAR system, only the scattering information of HH polarization or VV polarization can be obtained. Only co-polarizaion scattering cases are considered and cross-polarizaiton （HV and VH polarization） scattering cases are neglected. Therefore, much important information must be lost. Research on full polarization SAR system is an important approach to extract more useful information from SAR imaging. In this paper, the authors derived the full polarization scattering coefficients of 2-D sea fractal surface and simulated the radar cross section （RCS） of different polarizations. They also gave the exact theoretical explanations of the fully polarization scattering characteristics of sea fractal surface, and confirmed that the depolarization can be neglected. The result is the basis of the full SAR system design and SAR imaging.

Surfactant-assisted synthesis and magnetic properties of monodispersed manganese ferrite nanocrystals

Monodispersed manganese ferrite （MnFe2O4） nanocrystals could be successfully synthesized in large quantities via a facile synthetic technique based on the pyrolysis of organometallic compound precursor, in which octadecene was used as solvent, and oleic acid and oleylamine were used as capping ligands. MnFe204 nanocrystals were obtained with size in a tunable range of 4- 15 nm and their morphologies could be tuned from spherical to triangle-shaped by varying the surfactants. The phase structure, morphology, and size of the products were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Magnetic properties of MnFe2O4 nanocrystals with different morphologies were measured using a superconducting quantum interference device （SQUID）. Both monodisperse MnFe204 nanocrystals with spherical and triangle-shapes are superparamagnetic at room temperature while ferromagnetic at 2 K. The pyrolysis method may provide an effective route to synthesize other spinel ferrites or metal oxides nanocrystals.

Size Reduction of Hydrophobically Modified Starch on Beads Mill： Effect of Dispersing Medium and Milling Time

The primary interest to this study was to investigate the effect of milling parameters on the size of hydrophobically modified starch particles, aiming to produce small, uniformly sized modified starch microspheres. Octie, a commercial product originated from cornstarch modified using Octenyl Succinate Anhydride （OSA）, was dispersed （3 wt%） using different media （water or ethanol） and subsequently wet-milled using a beads mill with zirconium beads at a rotation of 6,000 rpm up to 30 min. It was found that milling Octie in water dispersion for 3 min resulted in the smallest mean particle size （2.04 i 0.91 ktm）, compared to unmilled modified starch granules （15.2 ~ 6.0 lam）. Granular size and morphology changed considerably with further milling. For instance, very dense clusters with variable particle sizes （20.6 ~ 10.0 lam） were obtained after 30 min milling. As depicted by Scanning Electronic Microscopy, a large number of particles were apparently flattened during the milling process rather than broken, forming aggregates. Ultimately, within the range of experimental conditions tested, production of sub-micron modified starch particles was not possible.

Flux Limiter Lattice Boltzmann for Compressible Flows

In this paper, a new flux limiter scheme with the splitting technique is successfully incorporated into a multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann （LB） model for shacked compressible flows. The proposed flux limiter scheme is efficient in decreasing the artificial oscillations and numerical diffusion around the interface. Due to the kinetic nature, some interface problems being difficult to handle at the macroscopic level can be modeled more naturally through the LB method. Numerical simulations for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability show that with the new model the computed interfaces are smoother and more consistent with physical analysis. The growth rates of bubble and spike present a satisfying agreement with the theoretical predictions and other numerical simulations.

Development of new solid phase extraction techniques in the last ten years

Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of solvent, high enrichment factor, high accuracy, etc. In recent years, a variety of new SPE methods such as molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）, magnetic solid phase extraction （MSPE）, solid phase micro-extraction （SPME）, etc., which are superior to the conventional SPE, have been developed and been widely applied to food, drugs, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of SPE and its new applications in different areas are reviewed.

Good dispersion of hydrophilic nanoscale silica in rubber matrix and the effects on rubber nanocomposites

Using the industrial technologies of rubber latex irradiation,preparation of nanoscale silica(SiO2) slurry,mixing irradiated rubber latex with SiO2 slurry,and the spray drying,we have prepared the ultrafine fully-vulcanized powder carboxyl styrene-butadiene rubber(UFPCSBR)/SiO2 nanocompound powder,in which the SiO2 particles and UFPCSBR particles are isolated and stuck each other.When the UFPCSBR/SiO2 nanocompound powder is mixed with crude rubber,the UFPCSBR particles are dispersed well in rubber matrix because of their good compatibility,then the SiO2 particles are also dispersed well in rubber matrix because of the carrier nature of the UFPCSBR particles during the mixing procedure,and the novel rubber/UFPCSBR/SiO2 nanocomposites are fabricated.Compared with the rubber composites prepared by mixing the crude rubber with the UFPCSBR powder and SiO2 powder one after the other,the novel UFPCSBR/SiO2 nanocompound modified rubber/UFPCSBR/SiO2 nanocomposites have better abrasion resistance,higher tensile strength and tear strength,and lower heat build-up data.Noteworthily,the tanδ-temperature curve of the novel rubber/UFPCSBR/SiO2 nanocomposites has the second tanδ peak due to the newly generated boundary layer surrounding the SiO2 particles,increasing the tanδ values in the temperature range of 0-20℃,which is very important to the research of green tyre tread.

Wheat-Exuded Organic Acids Influence Zinc Release from Calcareous Soils

Rhizosphere drives plant uptake of sparingly soluble soil zinc(Zn).An investigation with three experiments was conducted to study organic acid exudation by two contrasting wheat genotypes(Sehar-06 and Vatan),Zn fractions in 10 different calcareous soils from Punjab,Pakistan,and release of different soil Zn fractions by organic acids.The two genotypes differed significantly in biomass production and Zn accumulation under deficient and optimum Zn levels in nutrient solution.At a deficient Zn level,Sehar-06 released more maleic acid in the rhizosphere than Vatan.Ten soils used in the present study had very different physicochemical properties;their total Zn and Zn distribution among different fractions varied significantly.Zinc release behaviour was determined by extracting the soils with 0.005 mol L-1 citric acid or maleic acid.The parabolic diffusion model best described Zn release as a function of time.Parabolic diffusion model fitting indicated more maleic acid-driven than citric acid-driven soil Zn mobility from different fractions.Cumulative Zn release in six consecutive extractions during 24 h ranged from 1.85 to 13.58 mg kg-1 using maleic acid and from 0.37 to 11.84 mg kg-1 using citric acid.In the selected calcareous soils,the results of stepwise linear regression indicated significant release of Fe-Mn oxide-bounded soil Zn by maleic acid and its availability to the Zn-effcient genotype.Hence,release of maleic acid by plants roots played an important role in phytoavailability of Zn from calcareous soils.

Amorphous nonstoichiometric oxides with tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism and electrical transport

Material functionalities strongly depend on the stoichiometry,crystal structure,and homogeneity.Here we demonstrate an approach of amorphous nonstoichiometric inhomogeneous oxides to realize tunable ferromagnetism and electrical transport at room temperature.In order to verify the origin of the ferromagnetism,we employed a series of structural,chemical,and electronic state characterizations.Combined with electron microscopy and transport measurements,synchrotron-based grazing incident wide angle X-ray scattering,soft X-ray absorption and circular dichroism clearly reveal that the roomtemperature ferromagnetism originates from the In0.23Co0.77O1-v,amorphous phase with a large tunable range of oxygen vacancies.The room-temperature ferromagnetism is tunable from a high saturation magnetization of 500 emu cm-3 to below 25 emu cm-3,with the evolving electrical resistivity from5×103μΩ cm to above 2.5×105 μΩ cm.Inhomogeneous nano-crystallization emerges with decreasing oxygen vacancies,driving the system towards non-ferromagnetism and insulating regime.Our work unfolds the novel functionalities of amorphous nonstoichiometric inhomogeneous oxides,which opens up new opportunities for developing spintronic materials with superior magnetic and transport properties.