不同条件下留香珠颗粒的分散溶解状况

留香珠能够较长时间地使织物保留香味,给消费者带来愉悦的感受,是一类备受消费者青睐的新剂型洗涤剂产品。留香珠在使用过程中,分散程度是影响其功效发挥的重要因素之一。针对留香珠颗粒在水溶液中的分散溶解状况,首先对几种市售留香珠的pH值、水分及挥发物的含量进行测定,而后模拟真实洗涤过程中不同转子、不同搅拌速度、不同温度等物理分散因素下研究了留香珠颗粒在水溶液中的分散溶解情况。结果表明:留香珠分散溶解时间与其水分含量有关,水分含量高的产品溶解速度相对较快;留香珠的分散溶解时间受转子尺寸、转速、水温的影响,选择大尺寸转子、高转速、高温度对提高留香珠的分散溶解时间具有较大作用。

聚合物分散溶解装置的特点及应用

在注聚合物过程中 ,聚合物分散溶解装置要保证计量下料准确 ,供水精度误差小 ,混合均匀 ,配液浓度稳定 ,不产生“鱼眼”等缺陷。我国从 2 0世纪 80年代末开始引进日本、美国、澳大利亚和法国注聚合物装置并进行矿场试验和应用 ,掌握了各种装置的工艺流程和工作原理 ,并研制出多品种系列化注聚合物装置 ,已在国内主要油田应用。特别是水混式分散溶解装置的研制成功 ,进一步降低了装置的成本 ,并提高了注聚合物装置的可靠性。

聚丙烯酰胺分散溶解装置的PLC控制系统

为了提高选煤厂粉状聚丙烯酰胺的自动配制水平和利用率,根据聚丙烯酰胺的溶解特性,利用S7-200系列的PLC,设计了一套能实现粉状聚丙烯酰胺高效分散溶解的自动控制系统,重点阐述系统的硬件构成及系统软件的设计过程,指出PLC设计关键主要是能满足基本控制功能和容量,并考虑维护的方便性、系统可扩展性等。

聚合物分散溶解系统数值模拟研究

文丘里射流水粉混合与搅拌罐混合工艺均是聚合物驱油配注阶段的重要工艺。为了研究文丘里射流与搅拌罐配合使用的混合分散效果,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对水射流喷射器和搅拌罐进行了分散溶解系统多相流场的数值模拟与分析。首先分析了不同工况下文丘里射流时的水粉混合情况,而后对搅拌罐内的多相流场进行数值模拟,获得各相的速度、体积分数、压力及湍动能的分布,最后分析了相应条件下的聚合物干粉质量分数和聚合物分散溶液分散效果。研究结果表明:文丘里射流与搅拌罐配合使用,能使聚合物干粉均匀充分地分散到水中,理论上优于同等条件下的风送混合效果。研究结果可为现场聚合物驱油的配注工艺提供参考。

基于松下FP3聚合物分散溶解装置的自动控制系统

该文介绍了聚合物分散溶解装置的结构组成、功能及工艺控制要求,重点阐述了其控制系统总体方案、硬件和软件的实现方法。研制开发的基于松下电工FP3系列中型可编程控制器、工业控制计算机和组态软件的自动控制系统具有稳定可靠、易于扩展、便于维护、操作简单、实时性好、自动化程度高等特点,并在油田现场成功地推广应用30余台。

聚合物干粉分散溶解装置设计分析

聚合物驱是提高原油采收率的三次采油方法之一,在常规开采的后期,利用高分子化合物的聚合物干粉药剂与水溶解后的溶液具有增大水粘度的性能,将其注入地层,达到提高采收率的目的。而聚合物干粉药剂要通过分散溶解装置进行以保持聚合物溶液粘度为核心的配注工艺的配制过程,显然,该分散溶解装置的功能直接影响到聚合物驱的效果。本文介绍了作者针对克拉玛依油田的实际情况进行研究,对这种非标准设备所做的机电一体化、PLC控制系统及3D并行辅助设计。

聚合物驱分散溶解装置水粉混合器结构研究

在阐述聚合物驱分散溶解装置的工艺流程和工作原理，以及其中的水粉混合器的结构有工作原理后，着重分析了干粉侧进式、干粉切向进给式和干粉中进式3种水粉混合器的结构和特点。通过分析对比，决定优选干粉中进式水粉混合器作为聚合物驱分散溶解装置的配套部件。这种水粉混合器主要由壳体、进水管、干粉吸入管、调节旋钮和分散导管等组成，具有结构简单，水射流稳定性好，干粉与水射流混合效果好等特点。

水射流分散装置的改进

介绍了水射流分散装置的性能特点、工艺原理以及使用中的缺点,并对水射流分散装置的缺点加以改进。

水射流分散装置在注聚工程中的改进

水射流分散装置在注聚工程中是利用射流清水与聚合物干粉进行混合配置成母液的关键设备。针对水射流分散装置的性能特点、工艺原理以及使用中的缺点,阐述了装置改进后的效果。装置改造后解决了接料斗处经常返水的难题,同时大大减少了分散装置的耗电量,与改造前相比日节电260 kWh。

水射流聚合物分散装置

胜利石油管理局总机械厂与孤东采油厂工程技术人员经过两年多的合力攻关，成功研制开发了SJFS60—5000／0．6型撬装水射流分散溶解装置。该装置运用射流变压原理，水流经水射器高速射出后，在喷嘴周围形成局部真空，产生负压，提供下粉的辅助动力，同时高速水流还能提供足够的能量，强制聚合物干粉与水的混合，避免了凝块和“鱼眼”现象的产生。

射流式水粉混合器数值模拟分析与结构优化

针对国内分散溶解装置存在的水粉混合工作性能不理想,无法使聚合物干粉与水充分接触润湿等不足,采用CFD程序中的欧拉两相流模型对射流式水粉混合器进行数值模拟,得到流体压力分布云图和紊流强度云图,并在模拟的基础上对水嘴直径进行优化。模拟结果表明,混合的紊流强度最大值出现在水嘴附近,水嘴出口直径15mm入口形式是一种较好的入口结构形式,采用这种入口结构可以获得较大的紊流强度,从而获得较好的混合效果。

基因工程细胞用聚氨酯微胶囊的合成及表征

采用预聚-扩链-中和-分散溶解法,一步合成聚氨酯水溶液,再用凝聚相分离法合成聚氨酯微胶囊.探讨了聚氨酯水溶液和聚氨酯微胶囊的合成条件,包括二异氰酸酯单体种类对微胶囊的影响,聚乙二醇分子量对聚氨酯微胶囊制备的影响,总单体含量对聚氨酯微胶囊形态的影响,甲苯二异氰酸酯与聚乙二醇配比的影响及反应时间、反应温度和搅拌速度等的影响.用红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪和扫描电子显微镜对聚氨酯微胶囊进行表征,测出聚氨酯微胶囊直径2 mm,内腔直径50-500μm,膜孔直径20-100 nm.研究表明,合成稳定的膜孔径一定且具有微相分离结构的聚氨酯微胶囊的最佳条件是：预聚温度为60℃,扩链温度为50℃,中和温度为30℃;预聚和扩链时间均为2 h;预聚和扩链搅拌速度为500-600 r/min,分散溶解的搅拌速度为700-800 r/min.

注聚站的橇装化设计

为降低注聚工程地面投资,提高注聚综合效益,完成了注聚站的橇装化设计。该橇装化移动注聚站可实现聚合物驱、二元复合驱工艺的配注工作,并预留了三元复合驱接口。该注聚站优化了投、上料工艺,缩短了工艺流程,解决了狭小空间内干粉的弥散、潮湿、结露问题,以及井组间注入压力相差较大时的比例稀释问题。注聚站整体设计紧凑,占地面积小,大大降低了地面工程投资。注聚站还可以整体搬移,设备的复用率高达90%。聚合物溶液的混配、熟化、喂入、注入、比例稀释、供配电、监控、化验及休息等各环节自成体系,机动灵活,组合方便。

吉格森油田柔性微凝胶深部调驱体系室内研究及现场应用——以淖尔区块为例

柔性微凝胶分散颗粒(微球)可用油田污水配制,具有耐温、耐盐、成本低廉等优点。针对吉格森油田各油组主力油层分布广、厚度大,所占储量比重大,地下原油物性一般,地层温度较高,地层水矿化度高(>90000mg/L)这一情况,开展了柔性微凝胶深部调驱在吉格森油田的适应性及现场应用情况分析。实验所选用的纳米级和微米级微球溶解性和热稳定性都较好,微米级微球更好。4种微球均具有一定的封堵性,其中2号微球颗粒的残余阻力系数较大,为3.09,其次为1号微球,其残余阻力系数为1.44。天然岩心的驱油实验结果表明柔性微凝胶驱具有较好的驱油效果,但是微球尺寸要在孔径的1/8～1/3,才能保证有效封堵。现场实际应用情况表明吉格森油田在各个区块所开展的柔性微凝胶深部调驱增产措施,在一定程度和阶段内取得了较好的控水稳油效果。

Preparation,physicochemical characterization and cyctotoxicity of solid dispersion of paclitaxel and polyvinylpyrrolidone

The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize paclitaxel-polyvinylpyrrolidone （PTX-PVP） solid dispersions with the intention of improving its solubility and dissolution properties. The PTX-PVP solid dispersion systems were prepared by solvent method. The release rate ofpaclitaxel was determined from dissolution studies and the physicochemical properties of solid dispersion were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The cytotoxicities ofpaclitaxel in solid dispersion to the SKOV-3 cells were assayed by a SRB staining method. The results showed that the solubility and dissolution rate of paclitaxel were significantly improved in solid dispersion system compared with that of the pure drug and physical mixture. The results of DSC and PXRD showed that the paclitaxel in solid dispersion was amorphous form. No paclitaxel crystals in the solid dispersions was found during SEM analysis. Cytotoxicity study suggested that the inhibitory rates of PTX-PVP solid dispersion to SKOV-3 cells were higher than that of pure paclitaxel. The solubility and dissolution of paclitaxel were improved by solid dispersion technique. In vitro cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in solid dispersion was higher than that of pure drug.

一种纳米润滑油添加剂——JPLUS抗磨节能剂(共晶滚球)的表征和特性

利用TEM和激光粒度仪对抗磨节能剂JPLUS2 0 0 0进行了研究 ,发现它是一种平均粒径在 90nm左右、粒径分布均匀的纳米材料。用各种摩擦、磨损试验机和常规理化分析手段考察JPLUS2 0 0 0的润滑性能、在油中的溶解分散性能及对各种金属的腐蚀性。结果表明 ,JPLUS2 0 0 0具有减少摩擦、提高油品承载能力和抗磨损的特性 ,它的酸值小 ,不腐蚀金属 ,在油中有良好的溶解分散性能 ,是一种性能优良的润滑油纳米添加剂。

Measurement and Correlation of Solubilities of C.I. Disperse Red 73,C.I. Disperse Blue 183 and Their Mixture in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The solubility of disperse dyes and their mixture in supercritical carbon dioxide is an important property in study and development of supercritical fluid dyeing technology.In this study,solubilities of C.I.Disperse Red 73,C.I.Disperse Blue 183 and their mixture in supercritical CO2 are measured at temperatures from 343.2 to 383.2 K and pressures from 12 to 28 MPa with a static recirculation method.Under the experimental conditions for the binary(C.I.Disperse Red 73+CO2 or C.I.Disperse Blue 183+CO2) and ternary(C.I.Disperse Red 73+C.I.Disperse Blue 183+CO2) systems,the solubilities increase with pressure.The solubility of C.I.Disperse Blue 183 decreases with the increase of temperature when the pressure is lower than 16 MPa,and the trend is opposite when the pressure is higher than 16 MPa.However,there is no crossover pressure for C.I.Disperse Red 73.The solubilities are also affected by molecular polarity of dyes.The co-solvent effect exhibited in the dissolving process of mixed dyes promotes their dissolution in supercritical CO2.The experimental data of solubilities of C.I.Disperse Red 73,C.I.Disperse Blue 183,and their mixture are correlated with the Chrastil model and Mendez-Santiago/Teja model. The former is more accurate.

Preparation and in vitro Studies of Stealth PEGylated PLGA Nanoparticles as Carriers for Arsenic Trioxide

The aim of this study was to prepare arsenic trioxide （ATO）-loaded stealth PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles （PEG-PLGA-NPs） and to assess the merits of PEG-PLGA-NPs as drug carriers for ATO delivery. PEG-PLGA copolymer was synthesized with methoxypolyethyleneglycol （Mw=5000）, D, L-lactide, and glycolide by the ring-opening polymerization method. Amorphous ATO was transformed into cubic crystal form to increase its solu-bility in the organic solvent. ATO-loaded PEG-PLGA-NPs were prepared by the modified spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion （SESD） method, and the main experimental factors influencing the characteristics of nanopar- ticles were investigated, to optimize the preparation. To confirm the escape of PEG-PLGA-NPs from phagocytosis by phagocytes, PEG-PLGA-NPs labeled rhodamine B uptake by murine peritoneal macrophages （MPM） were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics of PEG-PLGA-NPs were affected by the type and concentration of the emulsifiers, polymer concentration, and drug concentration. ATO-loaded PEG-PLGA-NPs, with particle size of 120.8nm, zeta potential of-10.73mV, encapsulation efficiency of 73.6%, and drug loading of 1.36%, were prepared under optimal conditions. The images of transmission electron micros-copy （TEM） indicated that the optimized nanoparticles were near spherical and without aggregation or adhesion. The release experiments in vitro showed the ATO release from PEG-PLGA-NPs exhibited consequently sustained release for more than 26d, which was in accordance with Higuchi equation. The uptake of PEG-PLGA-NPs by MPM was found to decrease markedly compared to PLGA-NPs. The experimental results showed that PEG-PLGA-NPs were potential nano drug delivery carriers for ATO.

Physicochemical Characterization and Solubility Enhancement Studies of Mebendazole Solid Dispersions in Solvent Mixtures

Abstract： The objective was to obtain solid dispersion to improve the dissolution rate, solubility and oral absorption of MB （mebendazole）, poor water-soluble drugs. The new formulation was characterized by DSC （differential scanning calorimetry）, PXRD （powder X-ray diffraction）, FT-1R （fourier transform infrared spectroscopy） and STEM （scanning transmission electron microscopy） methods. Solid dispersions of MB with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 （PVP K30） were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The solubility of MB （original powder） and that of the solid dispersions was measured at 25℃ in ethanol-water. The aqueous solubility of MB was favoured by the presence of the polymer in solvent mixtures. Combination of solid dispersions with co-solvents increased the water solubility of MB in a larger extent that each method separately. Solubility parameter （o） was used to relate to solubility profiles. MB and the solid dispersions show a solubility curve with a single peak at 51 = 30.78 MPav2. Solid state characterizations indicated that the solid dispersion exist an amorphous material entrapped in polymer matrix getting highest improvement in wettability and solubility.