微电网互联运行的分时优化与实时控制方法

将相邻的孤立微电网互联运行,可促进资源的时空互补与运行优化。提出互联微电网分时优化调度与实时协调控制相结合的运行方法,旨在降低系统发电成本,提高运行稳定性。在分时优化调度层面,基于超短期预测结果,以全系统发电成本最低为目标,提出考虑资源时空互补特性的优化调度方法;在实时协调控制层面,针对风、光、负荷的随机性而引起的功率波动问题,提出基于动态下垂控制的联络线定功率控制方法,使功率波动量得到经济合理分配。算例验证了分时优化调度方法可促进资源互补、降低运行成本,实时仿真结果验证了动态下垂控制策略可有效实现联络线定功率控制。

油井分时优化节能技术研究与应用

针对抽油井生产过程中存在的间开控制不灵活、工况调整不及时、阶梯电价未利用等问题。在现场控制柜内安装经济运行模块,控制中心安装分时优化控制管理平台,借助信息化系统实现远程通讯。分时优化控制管理平台下发控制指令,经济运行模块现场自动控制变频器调整抽油机冲次。实现峰期自动降频,节约电费;谷期自动增频补充尖峰期减少的产液量。达到产量基本不变情况下单井节约电费约30元/d,投资回收期4个月,经济及社会效益明显。

分时优化康复锻炼对股骨骨折患者康复效果及肢体功能的影响

研究分时优化康复锻炼应用于股骨骨折(FF)患者中的效果并予以分析。方法:受试者即医院从2017年1月~2018年1月收治的86例FF患者。以随机双盲对照法将其分为研究组43例及对照组43例。对照组开展常规干预,研究组开展常规干预的同时增用分时优化康复锻炼。分析两组疼痛、髋关节功能、日常生活活动能力以及自我效能感等方面的差异。结果:两组干预后VAS评分均相较于干预前更低,且研究组低于对照组(均P<0.05);两组干预后Harris评分、ADL评分及自我效能感评分相较于干预前均更高,且研究组高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:分时优化康复锻炼应可促进FF患者的康复,且有效提高其肢体功能、自我效能感以及日常生活活动能力。

考虑需求响应的光热电站热电联供型微网分层优化调度

针对光热电站热电联供微电网的优化调度问题,提出考虑需求响应、光热电站和电加热器相互协调配合的分层优化调度模型。在上层模型中,使用移动边界法对负荷曲线进行划分,以可再生能源与负荷之间的差异最小化为目标来求解不同时段电价;下层模型以微网调度成本最小为目标进行调度优化。考虑到仅靠风电和光伏不能满足负荷需求等情况,还需对光热电站和可控电源进行调节调度,建立一个基于混合整数线性规划的经济调度优化模型,该模型包含了光热电站、需求响应和电加热器之间的相互协调调度。通过实际案例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性和合理性。

多电-热综合能源微网的热能分级分时利用市场交易策略

综合能源微网是实现清洁能源综合利用、梯级消纳以及提高能源利用效率的有效方式。如能在多微网的诸多主体源荷中引入市场化交互竞争,可以激发市场活力,促进综合能源微网的健康发展。该文基于多电-热微网市场化的热交易需求,研究一种基于主从博弈的考虑热能分级的多微网分时优化市场交易机制。首先,基于民用微网和工业微网在不同时段对热能品质的差异性需求,提出采用均衡热能及分级热能的分时供应策略。在此基础上,进一步研究考虑热能分级和分时优化需求的多微网热能分配的市场交易机制,引入主从博弈解决协同优化过程中参与方之间的利益冲突。最后,在证明stackelberg均衡存在性和唯一性的基础上,利用凸优化算法中的有效集法和最速下降法对模型进行求解。算例结果表明,所提策略使交易供能侧收益和用能侧的效用都得到提高,同时提升了能源利用率,符合市场化交易预期。给出的模型和求解方法能很好地均衡市场交易环境下供/需双方的利益诉求、具有很好的收敛性。

V2M系统分时电价博弈研究

目前,传统的静态电价联动模型已经很难描述复杂的含有电动汽车的微电网市场,V2M系统的需求管理和电价优化有待深入的研究。本文根据含有电动汽车的微电网的并网工作模式,运用博弈论描述含有电动汽车的微电网中各个主体的经济行为,提出一种更符合实际的基于博弈均衡的分时电价最优定价策略的微电网运行优化调度方法,建立含有电动汽车的微电网系统电价博弈场景,并且严格证明了场景中系统NE的存在性,求取出博弈场景的NE。通过算例分析,结果证明了博弈模型的有效性,研究结果对V2M系统分时电价定价提供一种新的途径。

面向新能源就地消纳的园区储能与电价协调优化方法

为促进园区新能源就地消纳,充分利用电价的优化调节能力和储能作为灵活资源的调节手段,提出一种储能与电价协调优化方法,构建双层源荷储协调优化模型以提高新能源就地消纳能力。首先,上层优化模型根据预测的净负荷功率曲线对分时时段进行划分,以园区运营商收益最大为目标对分时电价进行优化;其次,在下层优化模型中计及储能电池的容量损耗,综合考虑运营商成本和新能源消纳能力,以新能源就地消纳率最大为目标对储能进行优化配置。在此基础上,提出飞蛾火焰优化-粒子群优化(MFO-PSO)智能优化算法对模型进行求解。最后,算例分析验证了所提方法能够有效促进新能源就地消纳,并提高储能配置的经济性。

考虑源荷交互的独立微电网分层优化调度

提出了一种分层调度模型,上层模型中采用移动边界法对负荷进行不同时段的划分,建立了需求响应模型,以光伏、风电发电与负荷用电的不平衡量最小为目标,对独立微电网不同时段的电价进行求解;在优化的分时电价及负荷的基础上,下层模型中以微电网调度成本最小为目标,建立了负荷、分布式电源与负荷不平衡量最优调度补偿的经济模型,使得微电网的经济性最优。上、下层模型均采用粒子群算法进行求解。对某地区的独立微电网进行仿真,验证了模型的合理性。

基于多时间尺度需求侧响应模型的网损优化方法

合理利用需求侧响应可以提高和优化配电网经济运行水平,降低电网网损。针对中长期需求响应特性及短期需求响应特性进行研究,提出了基于多时间尺度需求侧响应模型的网损优化方法,选择了粒子群算法作为优化算法,基于编制的潮流计算程序,加入了一定的约束条件,对IEEE 30节点的配电网进行算例分析,仿真结果较好地验证了所提出的基于多时间尺度需求侧响应模型的网损优化方法的可行性和有效性。所提方法主要是为网损优化提供了新思路,有助于电力企业提高经济效率。

基于Stackelberg博弈的多V2M电力交易研究

提出了采用Stackelberg博弈研究多V2M分时电价交易模式的一般模型及分析方法。根据分布式发电出力和系统负荷分布,以多个含有电动汽车的微电网为研究对象,对多V2M进行博弈方分类,在场景描述的电力交易环境下建立了两级Stackelberg博弈模型;严格证明了售电主导方和购电跟随方的两级Stackelberg博弈均衡的存在,并提出了相应的求解流程,求解24 h内系统分时电价。研究将传统价格模型和Stackelberg博弈模型进行对比,算例结果证明了博弈模型的有效性,所提出的模型和结论均具有一定普适性,为多V2M系统的发展方向和管理措施提供了理论依据。

模拟退火算法改进及工业应用

通过研究模拟退火算法搜索过程，分析了搜索初期和后期２ 种情况下算法可能长期陷入局部点无法跳出的原因，分别采用变异操作和扩大搜索空间的方法对一种单循环模拟退火算法予以改进；改进算法应用于锌电解过程分时供电优化，现场运行结果表明：优化所得的合理分时供电方案用于指导锌电解生产，为厂矿企业带来显著的经济效益．

Three-dimensional acoustic wave equation modeling based on the optimal finite-difference scheme

Generally, FD coefficients can be obtained by using Taylor series expansion （TE） or optimization methods to minimize the dispersion error. However, the TE-based FD method only achieves high modeling precision over a limited range of wavenumbers, and produces large numerical dispersion beyond this range. The optimal FD scheme based on least squares （LS） can guarantee high precision over a larger range of wavenumbers and obtain the best optimization solution at small computational cost. We extend the LS-based optimal FD scheme from two-dimensional （2D） forward modeling to three-dimensional （3D） and develop a 3D acoustic optimal FD method with high efficiency, wide range of high accuracy and adaptability to parallel computing. Dispersion analysis and forward modeling demonstrate that the developed FD method suppresses numerical dispersion. Finally, we use the developed FD method to source wavefield extrapolation and receiver wavefield extrapolation in 3D RTM. To decrease the computation time and storage requirements, the 3D RTM is implemented by combining the efficient boundary storage with checkpointing strategies on GPU. 3D RTM imaging results suggest that the 3D optimal FD method has higher precision than conventional methods.

Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in Timesharing Multiuser Systems with Hybrid Energy Harvesting Transmitter

An energy effi cient resource allocation scheme in timesharing multiuser system with a hybrid energy harvesting transmitter is studied in this paper. Specially, the operation energy of system is supplied by constant energy and energy harvesting, which harvests energy from external environment. Our goal is to maximize the energy effi ciency of timesharing multiuser systems by considering jointly allocation of transmission time and power control in an off-line manner. The original nonconvex objective function is transformed into convex optimization problem via the fractional programming approach. Then, we solve the convex problem by Lagrange dual decomposition method. Simulation results show that the proposed energy efficient resource allocation scheme has a better performance than the scheme which decomposes optimization problem into two parts(power allocation, time allocation) to solve iteratively.

地下水源制水厂节能方法研析

通过介绍郑州水司石佛水厂在生产中为节能降耗所采取的各种措施，探讨地下水厂在节能方面的思路，以及实施中应注意的事项。

OPTIMAL ANTENNA SUBSET SELECTION AND BLIND DETECTION APPROACH APPLIED TO ORTHOGONAL SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODING

An approach combining optimal antenna subset selection with blind detection scheme for Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (OSTBC) is proposed in this paper. The optimal antenna sub- set selection is taken into account at transmitter and/or receiver sides, which chooses the optimal an- tennas to increase the diversity order of OSTBC and improve further its performance. In order to en- hance the robustness of the detection used in the conventional OSTBC scheme, a blind detection scheme based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is exploited which can directly extract transmitted signals without channel estimation. Performance analysis shows that the proposed ap- proach can achieve the full diversity and the flexibility of system design by using the antenna selec-tion and the ICA based blind detection schemes.

Review of pre-processing technologies for ice cores

High-resolution ice core records covering long time spans enable reconstruction of the past climatic and environmental conditions allowing the investigation of the earth system's evolution. Preprocessing of ice cores has direct impacts on the data quality control for further analysis since the conventional ice core processing is time-consuming, produces qualitative data, leads to ice mass loss, and leads to risks of potential secondary pollution. However, over the past several decades, preprocessing of ice cores has received less attention than the improvement of ice drilling, the analytical methodology of various indices, and the researches on the climatic and environmental significance of ice core records. Therefore, this papers reviews the development of the processing for ice cores including framework, design as well as materials, analyzes the technical advantages and disadvantages of the different systems. In the past, continuous flowanalysis(CFA) has been successfully applied to process the polar ice cores. However, it is not suitable for ice cores outside polar region because of high level of particles, the memory effect between samples, and the filtration before injection. Ice core processing is a subtle and professional operation due to the fragility of the nonmetallic materials and the random distribution of particles and air bubbles in ice cores, which aggravates uncertainty in the measurements. The future developments of CFA are discussed in preprocessing, memory effect, challenge for brittle ice, coupling with real-time analysis and optimization of CFA in the field. Furthermore, non-polluting cutters with many different configurations could be designed to cut and scrape in multiple directions and to separate inner and outer portions of the core. This system also needs to be coupled with streamlined operation of packaging, coding, and stacking that can be implemented at high resolution and rate, avoiding manual intervention. At the same time, information of the longitudinal sections could be scanned andidentified, and then classified to obtain quantitative data. In addition, irregular ice volume and weight can also be obtained accurately. These improvements are recorded automatically via user-friendly interfaces. These innovations may be applied to other paleomedias with similar features and needs.

智能化抽油机控制装置的应用研究

针对目前油田生产过程中,普遍存在的抽油机工况调整不及时、间开调节不灵活、阶梯电价利用不充分的生产情况。在抽油机控制柜内设置经济运行模块,指挥中心安装分时优化控制管理平台,并利用信息化系统实现远程通讯;控制柜内的经济运行模块通过调整电机的频率来调节抽油机冲次,分时优化控制管理平台下达调整指令;实现了峰期频率下调,电费节约;谷期自动上调频率用来弥补尖峰期低频率下降低的产液量,总体实现产液量保持不变条件下能够达到单井日节约电费约40元。

Real-time optimization power-split strategy for hybrid electric vehicles

Energy management strategies based on optimal control theory can achieve minimum fuel consumption for hybrid electric vehicles, but the requirement for driving cycles known in prior leads to a real-time problem. A real-time optimization power-split strategy is proposed based on linear quadratic optimal control. The battery state of charge sustainability and fuel economy are ensured by designing a quadratic performance index combined with two rules. The engine power and motor power of this strategy are calculated in real-time based on current system state and command, and not related to future driving conditions. The simulation results in ADVISOR demonstrate that, under the conditions of various driving cycles, road slopes and vehicle parameters, the proposed strategy significantly improves fuel economy, which is very close to that of the optimal control based on Pontryagin's minimum principle, and greatly reduces computation complexity.

Power output analyses and optimizations of the Stirling cycle

Based on the finite time thermodynamics theory,the entransy theory and the entropy theory,the Stirling cycles under different conditions are analyzed and optimized with the maximum output power as the target in this paper.The applicability of entransy loss(EL),entransy dissipation(ED),entropy generation(EG),entropy generation number(EGN) and modified entropy generation number(MEGN) to the system optimization is investigated.The results show that the maximum EL rate corresponds to the maximum power output of the cycle working under the infinite heat reservoirs whose temperatures are prescribed,while the minimum EG rate and the extremum ED rate do not.For the Stirling cycle working under the finite heat reservoirs provided by the hot and cold streams whose inlet temperatures and the heat capacity flow rates are prescribed,the maximum EL rate,the minimum EG rate,the minimum EGN and the minimum MEGN all correspond to the maximum power output,but the extremum ED rate does not.When the heat capacity flow rate of the hot stream increases,the power output,the EL rate,the EG rate and the ED rate increase monotonously,while the EGN and the MEGN decrease first and then increase.The EL has best consistency in the power output optimizations of the Stirling cycles discussed in this paper.

A New Grey Model Based on Optimizing the Grey Derivative and the Background Value at the Same Time

Based on both white response and connotation expression are geometric progression in the most primitive grey differential equation of GM（1,1）x（k） （k）＋ ax（1） （k） = b, this paper begins with generation of the time response .function＇s grey derivative at discrete points. Through derivative＇s definition, establishing a new GM（1,1） by optimizing grey derivative and background value. Then, getting the best coefficient c by introducing criterion function and it has proved that the new expression has the whitened exponent law coincident property and the whitened coefficient coincident property in theory. Finally, some examples show the new model has higher prediction precision.