浅析茅盾文学创作风格的转变

茅盾的长篇小说《蚀》“三部曲”和短篇小说集《野蔷薇》,呈现出的是“经验了人生而写作”。中篇《虹》则是由“经验了人生而写”向“分析了人生而写”的转变。《子夜》、《林家铺子》、及“农村三部曲”,是茅盾创作成熟的标志,同时也是中国现代现实主义文学发展的丰碑。

Changes in functions,forms,and locations of lead during its anthropogenic flows to provide services

Knowledge of the changes in a material’s function, form, and location during the transfer and transformation of materials to generate human services will improve our understanding of how humanity interacts with the environment and of how services are formed by human activities. We compared lead’s anthropogenic and biogeochemical cycles and found that the services, pathways, and changes in form requiring the most attention. We traced lead through its life cycle and identified the changes in its functions, forms, and locations by examining technology and engineering information. Lead ore and scrap were the two main anthropogenic sources of lead. When lead provides human services, its main functions included the storage and delivery of electricity, anti-corrosion treatments, and radiation protection; the main forms of lead in these products were Pb, PbO2 and PbSO4, and the main location changed from lithosphere in central China to regions in eastern China.

Accuracy of a combined score of zygote and embryo morphology for selecting the best embryos for IVF

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a scoring system combining zygote and embryo morphology in predicting the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Methods: In a study group, 117 consecutive IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with embryo transfer were carried out and 312 embryos were scored using a combined scoring system (CSS) of zygote and embryo morphology before transplantation. In a control group, a total of 420 IVF or ICSI cycles were carried out and 1176 embryos were scored using a cumulative embryo score (CES). The effects of the combined scoring system on the embryo implantation rate and pregnancy rate per cycle were analyzed. Results: Using the combined scoring system, the embryo implan-tation rate (27.6%) and the clinical pregnancy rate (48.7%) were significantly higher than those in the control group (20.8% and 38.6%, respectively). Also, the implantation rate of embryos scoring ≥70 (38.5%: 82 sacs/213 embryos) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of embryos scoring <70 (4%: 4 sacs/99 embryos). The pregnancy rate of patients with embryos scoring ≥70 using the combined scoring system (66.7%) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of patients with embryos scoring ≥20 using the cumulative embryo score (59.0%). Conclusion: The results suggest that selecting embryos with a high score (≥70) using the combined scoring system could increase the implantation rate and pregnancy rate, and that using a scoring system combining assessments of human zygotes and pre-implantation embryos might predict IVF outcomes more accurately than using a cumula-tive embryo score.

Occurrence of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda, Bothriocephallidea) in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Changjiang River drainage

Bothriocephalus acheilognathi is a potentially serious pathogen in wild or cultured fish in worldwide distribution. We examined 58-farmed grass carp from Nanchang in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River drainage, from which 20.7% were found to harbor the parasite with an infection intensity of 36.9 ± 54.7. The parasites were identified based on morphology and rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The present report represents the first record of the parasite in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the river drainage.

Association between EGF +61A/G polymorphism and gastric cancer in Caucasians

AIM: To investigate the association between epidermal growth factor (EGF) +61A/G polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer, through a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction resctriction fragment lenght polymorphism analyses were used to genotype EGF +61 in 207 patients with gastric lesions (162 patients with gastric adenocarcinomas, 45 with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia) and 984 controls. All subjects were Caucasian. RESULTS: Genotype distribution was 23.5% for GG and 76.5% for GA/AA in the control group, 18.4% for GG and 68.6% for GA/AA in the entire group with gastric lesions and 17.9% for GG and 82.1% for GA/AA in the group with gastric adenocarcinoma. No statistically significant associations were found between EGF +61 variants and risk for developing gastric cancer [odds ratios (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.90-2.21, P = 0.116]. However, the stratification of individuals by gender revealed that males carrying A alleles (EGF +61A/G or AA) had an increased risk for developing gastric cancer as compared to GG homozygous males (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05-2.28, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: In summary, we found that males who were A carriers for EGF +61 had an increased risk for developing gastric cancer. This result may be explained by the suggestion that women secrete less gastric acid than men.

Application of CAE technology for Geely car lightweight

In order to reduce energy consumption and protect the human survival environment, the lightweight has became the development trend of the world automobile industry. On the premise of ensuring the strength, safety and driving performance of the car, the major car enterprises try to reduce the curb weight of the ear, fuel consumption and emissions. Not only a lot of new technologies and new products have been generated, but also joint vehicle development process and computer aided engineering （CAE） analysis technology have been developed. Since the entry into the ＂Au- tomobile Lightweight Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance＂ in Dec. 2007, Geely Group has been focusing on light- weight construction of vehicle and key assemblies in every stage of the vehicle product development. Among vehicles ap- peared on the market and in research, it has presented continuously better performance. The paper describes application examples and successful experience of CAE simulation analysis and performance optimization during the lightweight de- sign and development of a self-developed model of Geely, and looks forward to the prospects for the development of lightweight of Geely vehicle.

An International Comparative Analysis on China's Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

In this paper,the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries.Then,the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change,so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth.This study concludes that:First,there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries.With the convergence in per capita GDP gap,the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge,and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former,i.e.if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%,the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%.Second,the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure,the rising of energy prices,the advances of technology,and the expansion of investment in fixed assets,and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI.Third,the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment,energy prices,and technological progress between China and eight developed countries,yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI,and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure.Fourth,the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap,whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors,such as difference in investment,technology,and the competition mechanism of prices,which can determine the difference in economic growth,can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.

Quantifying the emission＇s impact of coal mining activities on the environment and human health in process

Discharges and emissions in the coal mining process have a strong effect both on the environment and on human health. This problem is usually be a negative one and has only been recognized qualitatively, due to the lack of effective quantitative methods. Based on emergy theory and accounting methodology, a set of quantitative methods for accounting the environmental support due to pollutants emissions was first introduced. Then impacts on environment and effects on human health were quantified using the unified units. The results indicated that water pollutants caused more impacts on the environment than air pollutants did, i.e., more environmental contributions are needed to dilute and absorb water pollutants. The occupation of land caused by coal mining gangue waste stacking has led to a huge loss of environmental services over the years. Moreover, the potential damage on the human condition health caused by CO2 through climate change cannot be ignored. Finally, the impacts of mining activities on environmental and human health in unified units are shown to provide a quantitative insight into the disadvantage of coal mining. The comparable results of the method indicate the different influence of various pollutants and the contribution of ＇natural capital＇ directly. This work is a part of ongoing thermodynamic input-output analysis and life cycle analysis of coal mining systems （which are in process.）

Research on green supply chain management

The rapid expansion of human resources has caused damage to our living environment. The concept of green economy with low power consumption and low pollution is becoming the focus of global attention. This article reviews the development of green supply chain management （GSCM）, and briefly introduces the current methods of GSCM. In order to implement GSCM in the round, this paper recommends the life-cycle analysis, and proposed GSCM methods which the different types of companies should adopt.

The Convergence Analysis on the Economic Growth and Energy Intensity Gap between Regional Sectors

In this paper,the authors have analyzed the relationship between energy intensity gap and GDP per worker gap of China's western and eastern provinces over the period 1997-2006.Using panel data model with lag adjustment,taking the above provinces and six industrial sectors (agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,construction industry,transport,storage and post & telecommunications,wholesale and retail trades & catering industry,and other sectors of tertiary industry.) as the investigated subjects,the authors have conducted empirical study on the convergence of GDP per worker gap and the convergence of energy intensity gap with respect to the variation of GDP per worker gap,and have concluded that:First,the GDP per worker gap of the six industrial sectors and provinces are convergent,and of this,the convergence rate of GDP per worker gap of Construction Industry is the fastest,while that of Industry is the slowest.Second,the overall energy intensity gap between eastern and western provinces is convergent,that is,with the narrowing of GDP per worker gap between eastern and western provinces,the energy intensity gap converges,but its convergence rate is slower than that of GDP per worker gap.Third,energy intensity gap between various industrial sectors of the east and the west is either convergent or divergent,and there are differences.The energy intensity gap of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,and construction industry is convergent,while that of the other three industrial sectors is divergent.Fourth,the convergence of the overall energy intensity of the western provinces is not in conformity with the convergence of the various industrial sectors,and there are significant differences,indicating that the western provinces and autonomous regions should take measures to more effectively improve their overall energy utilization efficiency at the industrial sector level.

Maintenance Decision Making Model with Multiple Attribute Optimization

An effective maintenance schedule can largely improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs for enterprises. Many factors, such as resource, production, cost and crew, should be considered when we make maintenance plans. However, it is difficult to meet all requests of the production targets in practical engineering.The multiple attribute decision making for equipment maintenance is proposed in this paper, and the multiple objectives decision making method is utilized to solve the problem in the maintenance process. In the particular environment and resources, a case is studied to illustrate the model and methods. The model gives the optimal maintenance plan with the analytic hierarchy process method in accordance with the particular criteria. It has been proved that this model and decision methods are scientific and operable.