“文学性”的再现是中国当代文学外译乃至中国文学外译的一个重要命题。利奇在《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》(ALinguistic Guide to English Poetry)一书中总结的英语诗歌的八种语言变异情况,为考察以小说为代表的中国当代文学的...“文学性”的再现是中国当代文学外译乃至中国文学外译的一个重要命题。利奇在《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》(ALinguistic Guide to English Poetry)一书中总结的英语诗歌的八种语言变异情况,为考察以小说为代表的中国当代文学的文学性及其在翻译中的再现问题提供了一个可资借鉴的参考。余华小说《在细雨中呼喊》具备利奇提出的全部八种语言变异的情况,但是对小说英译本的检视显示,译者在面对原文语言变异的翻译处理整体而言重视不够,译文美中不足。展开更多
[Objective] This paper researched how to use specific approach to select quantitative characteristics which would be listed in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L. [Method] With the aid of statistic analysis, the unif...[Objective] This paper researched how to use specific approach to select quantitative characteristics which would be listed in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L. [Method] With the aid of statistic analysis, the uniformity, stability and correlation of 14 pre-selected characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The expression of peduncle length of terminal flower had low uniformity within a variety; the expres- sion of main stem thickness was not stable in continuous growing cycles; there were four pairs of quantitative characteristics which are （very） significantly correlated, namely, leaf length and leaf width, diameter of flower head and length of outer ligu- late floret, number of ligulate floret whorls and number of ligulate floret, leaf width and width of terminal leaflet of pinnate leaves. Based on the requirements of char- acteristic selection and the results of statistic analysis, five characteristics including peduncle length of terminal flower, thickness of the main stem, leaf width, length of outer ligulate floret and number of ligulate floret were deleted. [Conclusion] For the first time, this paper introduced the application of statistic analysis on the selection of quantitative characteristics.展开更多
源文本《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》(A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry)选自著名语言学家杰弗里·N·利奇为英语语言文学专业编写的文体学教材。该书在语言学视角下对英语诗歌的语言进行分析,运用语言学理论和分析...源文本《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》(A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry)选自著名语言学家杰弗里·N·利奇为英语语言文学专业编写的文体学教材。该书在语言学视角下对英语诗歌的语言进行分析,运用语言学理论和分析方法解析英语诗歌语言的特点。文章以生态翻译学理论作为原则,以三维转换角度为指导,对《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》的节选翻译中遇到的一些问题与部分难点进行分析。在翻译过程中,译者意识到必须充分理解源文本在原语言中的意思,从译入语读者的阅读和思考角度出发,结合上下文,才能得出最佳译文。展开更多
The integrity requirement should be satisfied when GNSS is used in aviation.There are now two ways for integrity monitoring,that is,receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) and GNSS integrity channel(GIC) based ...The integrity requirement should be satisfied when GNSS is used in aviation.There are now two ways for integrity monitoring,that is,receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) and GNSS integrity channel(GIC) based on augmentation system.The rapid development of the Beidou satellite navigation system(COMPASS) will significantly improve the satellite geometry.Besides,the effects of first order ionosphere delay will be mitigated by the combination of GNSS multi-frequency signals.The availability of RAIM will be enhanced,which makes it possible to provide a worldwide seamless integrity service for aviation by using RAIM.The contribution of COMPASS to the availability of RAIM is analyzed by simulation;and the integrity requirement of which aviation approaching phrase can be satisfied when using COMPASS single system and its combination with other satellite navigation system is analyzed.Moreover,the influence of user range accuracy(URA) of COMPASS on integrity performance is discussed.展开更多
A concept of space-surface bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SS-BSAR) passive imaging system is proposed,which is parasitic on the signal of COMPASS Navigation Satellite System (CNSS).The feasibility is demonstrated ...A concept of space-surface bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SS-BSAR) passive imaging system is proposed,which is parasitic on the signal of COMPASS Navigation Satellite System (CNSS).The feasibility is demonstrated by analyzing the signal ambiguity function and the range resolution as well as the system topology.Due to the multiple peaks of signal in the auto-correlation function,a new correlation is used to remove the side-peaks.A double-channel receiver is employed to receive the direct satellite signal and the ground reflected signal.The direct signal is a reference signal in range compression,and may also be used for transmitter-receiver signal synchronization.The reflected signal is raw data collected for imaging.Then,a modified range-Doppler imaging algorithm is derived based on the system geometric models and BSAR imaging principle.The proposed algorithm is verified via signal simulation.The work in this paper is of great value to the further use of COMPASS signal,as well as other global navigation satellite signals in passive imaging.展开更多
Understanding the role of anthropogenic forcings in regional hydrological changes can help communities plan their adaptation in an informed manner.Here we apply attribution research methods to investigate the effect o...Understanding the role of anthropogenic forcings in regional hydrological changes can help communities plan their adaptation in an informed manner.Here we apply attribution research methods to investigate the effect of human influence on historical trends in wet and dry summers and changes in the likelihood of extreme events in Europe.We employ an ensemble of new climate models and compare experiments with and without the effect of human influence to assess the anthropogenic contribution.Future changes are also analysed with projections to year 2100.We employ two drought indices defined relative to the pre-industrial climate:one driven by changes in rainfall only and one that also includes the effect of temperature via changes in potential evapotranspiration.Both indices suggest significant changes in European summers have already emerged above variability and are expected to intensify in the future,leading to widespread dryer conditions which are more extreme in the south.When only the effect of rainfall is considered,there is a distinct contrast between a shift towards wetter conditions in the north and dryer in the south of the continent,as well as an overall increase in variability.However,when the effect of warming is also included,it largely masks the wet trends in the north,resulting in increasingly drier summers across most of the continent.Historical index trends are already detected in the observations,while models suggest that what were extremely dry conditions in the pre-industrial climate will become normal in the south by the end of the century.展开更多
文摘“文学性”的再现是中国当代文学外译乃至中国文学外译的一个重要命题。利奇在《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》(ALinguistic Guide to English Poetry)一书中总结的英语诗歌的八种语言变异情况,为考察以小说为代表的中国当代文学的文学性及其在翻译中的再现问题提供了一个可资借鉴的参考。余华小说《在细雨中呼喊》具备利奇提出的全部八种语言变异的情况,但是对小说英译本的检视显示,译者在面对原文语言变异的翻译处理整体而言重视不够,译文美中不足。
基金Supported by Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(200903008-14)Chinese National 948 Program(2009-Z11)~~
文摘[Objective] This paper researched how to use specific approach to select quantitative characteristics which would be listed in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L. [Method] With the aid of statistic analysis, the uniformity, stability and correlation of 14 pre-selected characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The expression of peduncle length of terminal flower had low uniformity within a variety; the expres- sion of main stem thickness was not stable in continuous growing cycles; there were four pairs of quantitative characteristics which are （very） significantly correlated, namely, leaf length and leaf width, diameter of flower head and length of outer ligu- late floret, number of ligulate floret whorls and number of ligulate floret, leaf width and width of terminal leaflet of pinnate leaves. Based on the requirements of char- acteristic selection and the results of statistic analysis, five characteristics including peduncle length of terminal flower, thickness of the main stem, leaf width, length of outer ligulate floret and number of ligulate floret were deleted. [Conclusion] For the first time, this paper introduced the application of statistic analysis on the selection of quantitative characteristics.
文摘源文本《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》(A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry)选自著名语言学家杰弗里·N·利奇为英语语言文学专业编写的文体学教材。该书在语言学视角下对英语诗歌的语言进行分析,运用语言学理论和分析方法解析英语诗歌语言的特点。文章以生态翻译学理论作为原则,以三维转换角度为指导,对《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》的节选翻译中遇到的一些问题与部分难点进行分析。在翻译过程中,译者意识到必须充分理解源文本在原语言中的意思,从译入语读者的阅读和思考角度出发,结合上下文,才能得出最佳译文。
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41020144004 and 41104022)the National High-tech R&D Program of China(Grant No.2013AA122501)
文摘The integrity requirement should be satisfied when GNSS is used in aviation.There are now two ways for integrity monitoring,that is,receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) and GNSS integrity channel(GIC) based on augmentation system.The rapid development of the Beidou satellite navigation system(COMPASS) will significantly improve the satellite geometry.Besides,the effects of first order ionosphere delay will be mitigated by the combination of GNSS multi-frequency signals.The availability of RAIM will be enhanced,which makes it possible to provide a worldwide seamless integrity service for aviation by using RAIM.The contribution of COMPASS to the availability of RAIM is analyzed by simulation;and the integrity requirement of which aviation approaching phrase can be satisfied when using COMPASS single system and its combination with other satellite navigation system is analyzed.Moreover,the influence of user range accuracy(URA) of COMPASS on integrity performance is discussed.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2011CB707001)
文摘A concept of space-surface bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SS-BSAR) passive imaging system is proposed,which is parasitic on the signal of COMPASS Navigation Satellite System (CNSS).The feasibility is demonstrated by analyzing the signal ambiguity function and the range resolution as well as the system topology.Due to the multiple peaks of signal in the auto-correlation function,a new correlation is used to remove the side-peaks.A double-channel receiver is employed to receive the direct satellite signal and the ground reflected signal.The direct signal is a reference signal in range compression,and may also be used for transmitter-receiver signal synchronization.The reflected signal is raw data collected for imaging.Then,a modified range-Doppler imaging algorithm is derived based on the system geometric models and BSAR imaging principle.The proposed algorithm is verified via signal simulation.The work in this paper is of great value to the further use of COMPASS signal,as well as other global navigation satellite signals in passive imaging.
基金supported by the Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme funded by the Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy(BEIS)the Department for Environment,Food&Rural Affairs(Defra)supported by the European Prototype demonstrator for the Harmonisation and Evaluation of Methodologies for attribution of extreme weather Events(EUPHEME)project,which is part of the European Research Area for Climate Services(ERA4CS),a European Research Area Network(ERA-NET)initiated by the Joint Programming Initiative‘‘Connecting Climate Knowledge for Europe”(JPI Climate)and co-funded by the European Union(690462)。
文摘Understanding the role of anthropogenic forcings in regional hydrological changes can help communities plan their adaptation in an informed manner.Here we apply attribution research methods to investigate the effect of human influence on historical trends in wet and dry summers and changes in the likelihood of extreme events in Europe.We employ an ensemble of new climate models and compare experiments with and without the effect of human influence to assess the anthropogenic contribution.Future changes are also analysed with projections to year 2100.We employ two drought indices defined relative to the pre-industrial climate:one driven by changes in rainfall only and one that also includes the effect of temperature via changes in potential evapotranspiration.Both indices suggest significant changes in European summers have already emerged above variability and are expected to intensify in the future,leading to widespread dryer conditions which are more extreme in the south.When only the effect of rainfall is considered,there is a distinct contrast between a shift towards wetter conditions in the north and dryer in the south of the continent,as well as an overall increase in variability.However,when the effect of warming is also included,it largely masks the wet trends in the north,resulting in increasingly drier summers across most of the continent.Historical index trends are already detected in the observations,while models suggest that what were extremely dry conditions in the pre-industrial climate will become normal in the south by the end of the century.
