入世之后,我国林业企业在参与社会主义市场与国际市场竞争中,披波斩浪,勇于开拓,在我国经济建设进程中作出了杰出的贡献。但同时,我们的林业企业在企业管理中依然还存在着这样或那样的问题,为此,我们特邀请了有关林业院校,科研单位的专...入世之后,我国林业企业在参与社会主义市场与国际市场竞争中,披波斩浪,勇于开拓,在我国经济建设进程中作出了杰出的贡献。但同时,我们的林业企业在企业管理中依然还存在着这样或那样的问题,为此,我们特邀请了有关林业院校,科研单位的专家、学者与参与市场竞争的大型企业 CEO 就企业管理问题撰文,发表企业管理的一己之见,期望对我国的林业企业管理者有所收益。若如此,我们则感欣慰。展开更多
Perforrmnce indicators play some important roles in enterprise operation. Both researchers and managers have recently pointed out that the identification of correlation between different performmance indicators may le...Perforrmnce indicators play some important roles in enterprise operation. Both researchers and managers have recently pointed out that the identification of correlation between different performmance indicators may lead to a better understanding of business. However, it is becoming more and more difficult to measure and analyze these indicators since the fast growing number of performance indicators and the complex relationships between them The existing categories failed to reflect these changes in an adequate way, and the quantitative analysis methods for identifying the characters of those pefformance indicators are still worthy of investigation. The main objective of this paper is to propose a practical methodology for managing and analyzing performance indicators in enterprises, which focuses on building up a performance indicator system and discovering the characters of those performance indicators by applying complex network methods. The empirical results of a telecommunieation enterprise show that the proposed method can be effective in understanding the correlations between performance indicators.展开更多
Background Little is known about the association between type D personality and self-care behaviors in heart failure （HF） patients. We examined the effect of type D personality on self-care behaviors and self-effica...Background Little is known about the association between type D personality and self-care behaviors in heart failure （HF） patients. We examined the effect of type D personality on self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among Chinese HF patients. Methods A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted. All participants completed the questionnaires of the self-care of HF index （V6） and type D personality scale. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from medical records and patient interviews. The me- thods used for data analysis included descriptive analysis, independent-sample t-test, Z2 test, and multiple linear regression. Results A total of 127 HF patients were included and 61.4% of them were male. The average age for this study sample was 64.9± 12.34 years. The majority of the participants were in a New York Heart Association class III or IV （87%）, and the average length of living with HF was 38.24 ± 41.1 months. A total of 33.1% of the participants were identified as having type D personality. No significant differences were determined in the demographic and clinical variables between type D and non-type D patients, except for the mean age and the length of living with HF. Type D patients were younger and had a shorter time of living with HF than their non-type D counterparts. Multiple regression demonstrated significant associations between type D personality and self-care maintenance and self-efficacy after adjusting the demographic and clinical factors. However, type D personality was not significantly associated with self-care management behaviors. Conclusions Type D personality was negatively related to self-care maintenance and self-efficacy in Chinese HF patients. Future study is warranted to develop a tailored intervention to improve engagement in self-care behaviors in HF patients with type D personality.展开更多
Although the first microscopic observations on soils date already from the beginning of the twentieth century, the publication of Kubiena＇s book ＂Micropedology＂ in 1937 is considered as the beginning of this new sc...Although the first microscopic observations on soils date already from the beginning of the twentieth century, the publication of Kubiena＇s book ＂Micropedology＂ in 1937 is considered as the beginning of this new scientific discipline. This first system for micromorphological descriptions of soils is considered as morphoanalytical, analysing the fabric according to pure morphological criteria. In a second period Kuniena used a morphogenetic approach, directly relating the global observed fabric to genetic soil horizons. This system, mainly limited to European soils, was in general use till the early nineteen-seventies. End of the nineteen-fifties non- genetic soil classification systems were developed （e.g. USDA）. This trend prompted R. Brewer to publish in 1964 a new morphoanalytical system for fabric analysis, used till the end of last century. Because of some inconsistencies in this approach, a working group of the ISSS published in 1985 a new set of morphoanalytical concepts and associated terminology （Bullock et al.）, in 2003 adapted and extended by Stoops. Several morphosynthetic systems, expressing a complete soil microfabric in a single （compound） term have been proposed, but none was really successful. In 1967 Kubiena introduced the term ＂micromorphometry＂ to name a new branch of micromorphology quantifying the soil fabric, mainly evaluating changes in porosity and structure resulting from soil management. The necessity of dearly defined concepts and terms for fabric analysis of soils and regoliths, even as a need for standardisation of quantitative methods, are discussed in the conclusions.展开更多
Quantum key agreement is one of the approaches to unconditional security. Since 1980’s, different protocols for quantum key agreement have been proposed and analyzed. A new quantum key agreement protocol was presente...Quantum key agreement is one of the approaches to unconditional security. Since 1980’s, different protocols for quantum key agreement have been proposed and analyzed. A new quantum key agreement protocol was presented in 2004, and a detailed analysis to the protocol was given. The possible game played between legitimate users and the enemy was described: sitting in the middle, an adversary can play a “man-in-the-middle” attack to cheat the sender and receiver. The information leaked to the adversary is essential to the length of the final quantum secret key. It was shown how to determine the amount of information leaked to the enemy and the amount of uncertainty between the legitimate sender and receiver.展开更多
Data mining enables us to form forecasts and models regarding future by making use of past data. Any method which helps to discover data can be used as a data mining method. Enterprises gain important competitive adva...Data mining enables us to form forecasts and models regarding future by making use of past data. Any method which helps to discover data can be used as a data mining method. Enterprises gain important competitive advantage by data mining methods. Data mining is used in different fields. In finance field, it is a specially used in portfolio management, fraud detection, payment prediction, loan risk analysis, mortgage scoring, determining transaction manipulation, determining financial risk management, determining customer profile and foreign exchange market. It can be costly, risky and time consuming for enterprises to gain knowledge. Thus today enterprises use data mining as an innovative competitive mean. The aim of the study is to determine the importance of data mining in financial applications.展开更多
This paper aims to study the principal-agent relationship between investors and venture capitalists （VCs）, makes research on the moral hazard issues under this relationship, and how to design an effective incentive ...This paper aims to study the principal-agent relationship between investors and venture capitalists （VCs）, makes research on the moral hazard issues under this relationship, and how to design an effective incentive mechanism to avoid it. By constructing a new incentive model, this paper provides the reference for investors to establish a reasonable payment contract. The designed incentive contract is a kind of dominant consecutive payment mode, which plays a strong incentive role to the VCs, in addition, it also requires the VCs to invest certain capital to the project, which can effectively prevent the slapdash action of VCs, and reduce the agent cost of investors.展开更多
The modeling of volatility and correlation is important in order to calculate hedge ratios, value at risk estimates, CAPM （Capital Asset Pricing Model betas）, derivate pricing and risk management in general. Recent ...The modeling of volatility and correlation is important in order to calculate hedge ratios, value at risk estimates, CAPM （Capital Asset Pricing Model betas）, derivate pricing and risk management in general. Recent access to intra-daily high-frequency data for two of the most liquid contracts at the Nord Pool exchange has made it possible to apply new and promising methods for analyzing volatility and correlation. The concepts of realized volatility and realized correlation are applied, and this study statistically describes the distribution （both distributional properties and temporal dependencies） of electricity forward data from 2005 to 2009. The main findings show that the logarithmic realized volatility is approximately normally distributed, while realized correlation seems not to be. Further, realized volatility and realized correlation have a long-memory feature. There also seems to be a high correlation between realized correlation and volatilities and positive relations between trading volume and realized volatility and between trading volume and realized correlation. These results are to a large extent consistent with earlier studies of stylized facts of other financial and commodity markets.展开更多
文摘入世之后,我国林业企业在参与社会主义市场与国际市场竞争中,披波斩浪,勇于开拓,在我国经济建设进程中作出了杰出的贡献。但同时,我们的林业企业在企业管理中依然还存在着这样或那样的问题,为此,我们特邀请了有关林业院校,科研单位的专家、学者与参与市场竞争的大型企业 CEO 就企业管理问题撰文,发表企业管理的一己之见,期望对我国的林业企业管理者有所收益。若如此,我们则感欣慰。
基金This work was partially supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars under Grants No.70901009,No.71202155，the Youth Research and Innovation Program in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications，the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2012CB315805
文摘Perforrmnce indicators play some important roles in enterprise operation. Both researchers and managers have recently pointed out that the identification of correlation between different performmance indicators may lead to a better understanding of business. However, it is becoming more and more difficult to measure and analyze these indicators since the fast growing number of performance indicators and the complex relationships between them The existing categories failed to reflect these changes in an adequate way, and the quantitative analysis methods for identifying the characters of those pefformance indicators are still worthy of investigation. The main objective of this paper is to propose a practical methodology for managing and analyzing performance indicators in enterprises, which focuses on building up a performance indicator system and discovering the characters of those performance indicators by applying complex network methods. The empirical results of a telecommunieation enterprise show that the proposed method can be effective in understanding the correlations between performance indicators.
文摘Background Little is known about the association between type D personality and self-care behaviors in heart failure （HF） patients. We examined the effect of type D personality on self-care behaviors and self-efficacy among Chinese HF patients. Methods A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample was conducted. All participants completed the questionnaires of the self-care of HF index （V6） and type D personality scale. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from medical records and patient interviews. The me- thods used for data analysis included descriptive analysis, independent-sample t-test, Z2 test, and multiple linear regression. Results A total of 127 HF patients were included and 61.4% of them were male. The average age for this study sample was 64.9± 12.34 years. The majority of the participants were in a New York Heart Association class III or IV （87%）, and the average length of living with HF was 38.24 ± 41.1 months. A total of 33.1% of the participants were identified as having type D personality. No significant differences were determined in the demographic and clinical variables between type D and non-type D patients, except for the mean age and the length of living with HF. Type D patients were younger and had a shorter time of living with HF than their non-type D counterparts. Multiple regression demonstrated significant associations between type D personality and self-care maintenance and self-efficacy after adjusting the demographic and clinical factors. However, type D personality was not significantly associated with self-care management behaviors. Conclusions Type D personality was negatively related to self-care maintenance and self-efficacy in Chinese HF patients. Future study is warranted to develop a tailored intervention to improve engagement in self-care behaviors in HF patients with type D personality.
文摘Although the first microscopic observations on soils date already from the beginning of the twentieth century, the publication of Kubiena＇s book ＂Micropedology＂ in 1937 is considered as the beginning of this new scientific discipline. This first system for micromorphological descriptions of soils is considered as morphoanalytical, analysing the fabric according to pure morphological criteria. In a second period Kuniena used a morphogenetic approach, directly relating the global observed fabric to genetic soil horizons. This system, mainly limited to European soils, was in general use till the early nineteen-seventies. End of the nineteen-fifties non- genetic soil classification systems were developed （e.g. USDA）. This trend prompted R. Brewer to publish in 1964 a new morphoanalytical system for fabric analysis, used till the end of last century. Because of some inconsistencies in this approach, a working group of the ISSS published in 1985 a new set of morphoanalytical concepts and associated terminology （Bullock et al.）, in 2003 adapted and extended by Stoops. Several morphosynthetic systems, expressing a complete soil microfabric in a single （compound） term have been proposed, but none was really successful. In 1967 Kubiena introduced the term ＂micromorphometry＂ to name a new branch of micromorphology quantifying the soil fabric, mainly evaluating changes in porosity and structure resulting from soil management. The necessity of dearly defined concepts and terms for fabric analysis of soils and regoliths, even as a need for standardisation of quantitative methods, are discussed in the conclusions.
文摘Quantum key agreement is one of the approaches to unconditional security. Since 1980’s, different protocols for quantum key agreement have been proposed and analyzed. A new quantum key agreement protocol was presented in 2004, and a detailed analysis to the protocol was given. The possible game played between legitimate users and the enemy was described: sitting in the middle, an adversary can play a “man-in-the-middle” attack to cheat the sender and receiver. The information leaked to the adversary is essential to the length of the final quantum secret key. It was shown how to determine the amount of information leaked to the enemy and the amount of uncertainty between the legitimate sender and receiver.
文摘Data mining enables us to form forecasts and models regarding future by making use of past data. Any method which helps to discover data can be used as a data mining method. Enterprises gain important competitive advantage by data mining methods. Data mining is used in different fields. In finance field, it is a specially used in portfolio management, fraud detection, payment prediction, loan risk analysis, mortgage scoring, determining transaction manipulation, determining financial risk management, determining customer profile and foreign exchange market. It can be costly, risky and time consuming for enterprises to gain knowledge. Thus today enterprises use data mining as an innovative competitive mean. The aim of the study is to determine the importance of data mining in financial applications.
文摘This paper aims to study the principal-agent relationship between investors and venture capitalists （VCs）, makes research on the moral hazard issues under this relationship, and how to design an effective incentive mechanism to avoid it. By constructing a new incentive model, this paper provides the reference for investors to establish a reasonable payment contract. The designed incentive contract is a kind of dominant consecutive payment mode, which plays a strong incentive role to the VCs, in addition, it also requires the VCs to invest certain capital to the project, which can effectively prevent the slapdash action of VCs, and reduce the agent cost of investors.
文摘The modeling of volatility and correlation is important in order to calculate hedge ratios, value at risk estimates, CAPM （Capital Asset Pricing Model betas）, derivate pricing and risk management in general. Recent access to intra-daily high-frequency data for two of the most liquid contracts at the Nord Pool exchange has made it possible to apply new and promising methods for analyzing volatility and correlation. The concepts of realized volatility and realized correlation are applied, and this study statistically describes the distribution （both distributional properties and temporal dependencies） of electricity forward data from 2005 to 2009. The main findings show that the logarithmic realized volatility is approximately normally distributed, while realized correlation seems not to be. Further, realized volatility and realized correlation have a long-memory feature. There also seems to be a high correlation between realized correlation and volatilities and positive relations between trading volume and realized volatility and between trading volume and realized correlation. These results are to a large extent consistent with earlier studies of stylized facts of other financial and commodity markets.
