尿碘在线消化流动注射自动分析装置的应用

目的 考察尿碘在线消化—流动注射自动分析装置应用中的可靠性。方法 采集 3 5名学生的日间尿样 ,分别按照国家标准方法 (WS/ T10 7-1999)与尿碘自动分析装置的操作说明进行测定 ,并对自动分析装置的性能进行检验。结果 2种方法的尿碘中位数基本相同 ,频数分布一致 ,经配对 t检验 ,2种方法差异无显著意义(P >0 .5) ,尿碘自动分析装置直接测定尿样碘线性范围为 0～ 10 0 0 μg/ L,重现性好 (RSD<3 % ,n =6) ,抗干扰能力良好 ,分析频率每小时可达 70个 ,工作强度下降较大。结论 尿碘在线消化—流动注射自动分析装置具有操作简便、快速、测定灵敏、重现性好和准确特点 ,在上述方面较国家标准法有较大进步 ,很适合推广应用。

我院217例消化系统疾病患者用药情况及合理性分析

目的了解消化系统疾病用药情况,为我院临床合理用药提供参考。方法应用Excel软件对我院217例消化系统疾病患者用药进行分类,统计用药金额和DDDs,并对合理用药情况进行分析。结果 217例患者平均用药金额为2018.49元,用药金额前三名药品为治疗消化性溃疡和胃食管反流病药(28.97%)、促胃肠动力药及止吐药和催吐药(22.27%)以及肝胆疾病辅助用药(16.42%);DDDs排名前三位的药品为雷尼替丁、曲美布汀和多潘立酮。结论我院消化系统疾病用药结构合理,剂量规范,药品合理应用情况较好。

菠萝蜜种子淀粉体外消化酶解动力学及血糖值分析

以菠萝蜜种子为原料提取淀粉,以木薯淀粉、大米淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉为参照,采用体外消化试验测定菠萝蜜种子淀粉的快速消化淀粉、慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量,并进行酶解动力学实验。结果表明:菠萝蜜种子淀粉快速消化淀粉、慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉的含量分别为4.50%、19.65%和75.85%,酶解速率为0.60 h^(-1),平衡浓度为36.93%,酶解指数为41.43,血糖指数为62.45,属于中等血糖食物;菠萝蜜种子淀粉消化性、平衡浓度、酶解指数与血糖指数均高于马铃薯淀粉,而低于其他三种淀粉,酶解速率比马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉快,比大米淀粉、玉米淀粉慢。

急性上消化道出血病因及临床诊疗分析

目的探讨急性上消化道出血发病原因以及临床诊治。方法分析2008年2月至2009年8月来我院就诊的124例急性上消化道出血患者整个发病、诊断和治疗过程,并对不同年龄的出血原因进行统计分析。结果研究发现其主要病因为溃疡病、胃癌、急性胃黏膜疾病、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂和(或)门脉高压性胃病等。其中溃疡病是引起AUGB的主要原因,占到70.2%。青年人组因消化性溃疡引起的上消化道出血最多。占到青年组急性上消化道出血的84.6%,显著高于中年组和老年组(P<0.05)。胃食管筋脉曲张和急性胃黏膜病变引起的AUGB的发生率在各年龄组中无显著差异。结论上消化道出血病因目前溃疡病,临床上应加强消化性溃疡的预防和治疗,日常生活中合理的饮食习惯、避免不必要的NsAIDs的使用可以降低上消化道出血的发生机率。

奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的疗效。方法计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊网、万方数据库、维普数据库,并配合手工检索所有文献全文,由两位评价者分别对资料进行质量评价,用Revman5.1进行Meta分析,主要对治疗出血的疗效进行分析。结果共纳入14个随机对照试验,目前资料的Meta分析结果显示:临床治疗有效率:异质性分析df=13,P=1.00>0.05,认为纳入文献同质,故笔者采用固定模型,效应量的表达方式采用OR值(比值比)、95%的CI值(可信区间),统计结果显示合并后的OR为4.14,95%的可信区间为2.75～6.23,P<0.00001,差异有统计学意义,提示奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血优于单纯治疗组。结论奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑可有效治疗肝硬化上消化道出血。

急性心肌梗死患者并发上消化道大出血的原因分析及护理体会

急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction，AMI）是临床上常见的急危重症，病情发展快，易发生多种并发症，上消化道出血是其中的一种，若治疗不及时或处理不当，可加重病情，病死率高，临床研究报道高达30％的急性冠脉综合症或PCI治疗的冠心病患者发生出血并发症，而急性心肌梗死PCI术后消化道出血发生率为2．3％。

ABO blood type,diabetes and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in northern China

AIM:To explore the potential risk factors related to gastrointestinal cancer in northern China.METHODS:A total of 3314 cases of gastrointestinal cancer(esophageal,gastric,pancreatic and biliary) and 2223 controls(including healthy individuals,glioma and thyroid cancer) were analyzed by case-control study.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between different cancers and hepatitis B surface antigen,sex,age,blood type,diabetes,or family history of cancer.RESULTS:Type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with gastric,biliary and pancreatic cancer with an OR of 2.0-3.0.Blood type B was significantly associated with esophageal cancer [odd ratio(OR) = 1.53,95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.10-2.14] and biliary cancer(OR = 1.49,95% CI = 1.09-2.05).The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in gastric,biliary and pancreatic cancers compared with other groups,with ORs ranging between 2.0 and 3.0.Family history of cancer was strongly associated with gastrointestinal compared with other cancers.CONCLUSION:Blood type B individuals are susceptible to esophageal and biliary cancer.Type 2 diabetes is significantly associated with gastric,biliary and especially pancreatic cancer.

Clinical analysis of multiple primary malignancies in the digestive system: A hospital-based study

AIM： To analyze the characteristics of multiple primary malignancies （MPMs） of digestive system; including incidence, types of tumor combinations, time intervals between development of multiple tumors, clinical course,and prognostic factors affecting survival and mortality.METHODS： Data from a total of 129 patients treated from January 1991 to December 2000 for pathologically proved MPMs, including at least one originating from the digestive system, were reviewed retrospectively.RESULTS： Among 129 patients, 120 （93.02%） had two primary cancers and 9 （6.98%） had three primary cancers. The major sites of MPMs of the digestive system were large intestine, stomach, and liver. Associated nondigestive cancers included 40 cases of gynecological cancers, of which 31 were carcinoma of cervix and 10 cases of genitourinary cancers, of which 5 were bladder cancers. Other cancers originated from the lung, breast,nasopharynx, larynx, thyroid, brain, muscle, and skin.Reproductive tract cancers, especially cervical, ovarian,bladder, and prostate cancers were the most commonlyassociated non-G! cancers, followed by cancer of the lung and breasts. Forty-three cases were synchronous, while the rest （86 cases） were metachronous cancers. Staging of MPMs and treatment regimes correlated with the prognosis between survival and non-survival groups.CONCLUSION： As advances in cancer therapy bring about a progressively larger percentage of long-term survivors, the proportion of patients with subsequent primary lesions will increase. Early diagnosis of these lesions, based on an awareness of the possibility of second and third cancers, and multidiscipiinary treatment strategies will substantially increase the survival of these patients.

Characterization and identification of enzyme-producing microflora isolated from the gut of sea cucumberApostichopus japonicus

Gut microorganisms play an important role in the digestion of their host animals. The purpose of this research was to isolate and assess the enzyme-producing microbes from the Apostichopusjaponicus gut. Thirty-nine strains that can produce at least one of the three digestive enzymes （protease, amylase, and cellulase） were qualitatively screened based on their extracellular enzyme-producing abilities. The enzyme-producing strains clustered into eight groups at the genetic similarity level of 100% by analyzing the restriction patterns of 16S rDNA amplified with Mbo L Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 37 strains belonged to the genus Bacillus and two were members of the genus Virgibacillus. Enzyme-producing capability results indicate that the main enzyme-producing microflora in the A.japonicus gut was Bacillus, which can produce protease, amylase, and cellulase. Virgibacillus, however, can only produce protease. The high enzyme-producing capability of the isolates suggests that the gut microbiota play an important role in the sea cucumber digestive process.

Middle or low water pressure direct spiral double helix converging nozzle structure optimization and flow field analysis

In order to solve the problem of using new nozzle is proposed in fire rescue robot. middle or low water pressure to form fine water mist, a Existing water mist nozzles are basically used for high pressure and in large size, complex structure and poor low pressure atomization effect in comparison with requirement of snake-like fire rescue robots. On the basis of comprehensive typical spray noz- zles, a direct spiral double helix converging nozzle （DSDHCN） is proposed, which has the advanta- ges of small volume, light weight, simple structure, and convenient installation. To make the spray nozzle have good performance, and meet the requirements of more efficient fire extinguishing, a nu- merical study is carried out to analyze the internal and external full flow field of nozzle. A gas-liquid two-phase flow is applied to simulate the external full flow field of nozzle with VOF model in fluent software. The simulation results show the real situation of water flow out of the atomization nozzle and the water jet trajectory. Some simulations about middle or low water pressure direct spiral double he- lix converging optimized nozzle have been done in 30bar pressure. The simulation results show that the optimized nozzle structure not only makes the spray droplets have a good cone angle, but also have a sufficient axial velocity,which proves the structure rationality of the proposed optimized nozzle.

Authorized variance analysis with consumption rate

On the base of budget or plan information, comparing with actual results, making variance analysis, finding real reasons behind variance, this is important way of control and also important function of budget. However, without consideration of changes of environment, there are some limitations for static variance analysis with benchmark of plan data. Adjusting for benchmark according to actual condition, then doing variance analysis, these will improve utilization of variance analysis. Adjusted benchmark is often known as authorized cost/profit. For different understanding for authority concept, with RCA＇s （the abbreviation for Resource Consumption Accounting） view and numerical examples, this paper brings out the concept of consumption rate variance to promoting deeper understanding and analyzing reasons behind variance.

Comparative transcriptomics reveals genes involved in metabolic and immune pathways in the digestive gland of scallop Chlamysfarreri following cadmium exposure

Chlamys farreri is an economically important mollusk that can accumulate excessive amounts of cadmium(Cd). Studying the molecular mechanism of Cd accumulation in bivalves is difficult because of the lack of genome background. Transcriptomic analysis based on high-throughput RNA sequencing has been shown to be an efficient and powerful method for the discovery of relevant genes in non-model and genome reference-free organisms. Here, we constructed two c DNA libraries(control and Cd exposure groups) from the digestive gland of C. farreri and compared the transcriptomic data between them. A total of 227 673 transcripts were assembled into 105 071 unigenes, most of which shared high similarity with sequences in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. For functional classification, 24 493 unigenes were assigned to Gene Ontology terms. Additionally, Eu Karyotic Ortholog Groups and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses assigned 12 028 unigenes to 26 categories and 7 849 unigenes to five pathways, respectively. Comparative transcriptomics analysis identified 3 800 unigenes that were differentially expressed in the Cd-treated group compared with the control group. Among them, genes associated with heavy metal accumulation were screened, including metallothionein, divalent metal transporter, and metal tolerance protein. The functional genes and predicted pathways identified in our study will contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic and immune system in the digestive gland of C. farreri. In addition, the transcriptomic data will provide a comprehensive resource that may contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms that respond to marine pollutants in bivalves.

老年患者消化性溃疡并出血或穿孔临床分析

目的通过分析近十余年医院收治的232例老年消化性溃疡并出血或穿孔的临床资料,以加深对本病的认识,提高诊断及治疗水平。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,对2000年1月—2012年6月收治的符合消化性溃疡并出血或穿孔诊断标准的老年患者进行分析。结果 232例老年消化性溃疡中198例合并出血,34例合并穿孔,212例幽门螺杆菌阳性,73例有服用NSAID类药物史,26例恶性溃疡。结论老年性消化性溃疡的发病机制是综合,复杂的,出血及穿孔是常见的两个并发症,由于老年人胃粘膜防御因子减弱,动脉硬化,器官组织退行性变,服用NSAID类药物,加之合并有其他疾病如冠心病,高血压等,导致症状不典型,病变愈合慢,易复发,病情严重,复杂。临床医师对老年患者要高度重视,要加深对本病的认识,提高诊断及治疗水平。

Research fit under the ＂China Dream＂ background Chinese Wushu industry and traditional culture

In this paper, the author uses literature data and logical analysis in the ＇,China Dream＂ background and discusses the opportunities and challenges of Chinese Wushu industry. The author points out that China＇s development should be directed to the development of the fusion of traditional Chinese culture, to help China establish an energetic, self-improvement image and the pursuit of harmony and common prosperity. The image of peaceful rise of a big country enhances China＇s international status and influence Martial Arts and Martial industrial development should focus on the rich cultural connotations, tap the cultural symbol it could develop, build martial arts industry brands through various media channels, government support and other ways to expand the widest range of consumer groups, and expand development of martial arts industry

Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of two mouse hepatocaranoma cell lines

AIM: To study genetic difference of mitochondrial DMA (mtDNA) between two hepatocarcinoma cell lines (Hca-F and Hca-P) with diverse metastatic characteristics and the relationship between mtDNA changes in cancer cells and ttieir oncogenic phenotype. METHODS: Mitochondrial DMA D-loop, tRNAMet+Glu+Ile and ND3 gene fragments from the hepatocarcinoma cell lines with 1100,1126 and 534 bp in length respectively were analysed by PCR amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The D-loop 3′ end sequence of the hepatocarcinoma cell lines was determined by sequencing. RESULTS: No amplification fragment length polymorphism and restriction fragment length polymorphism were observed in tRNAMet+Glu+Ile, ND3 and D-loop of mitochondrial DNA of the hepatocarcinoma cells. Sequence differences between Hca-F and Hca-P were found in mtDNA D-loop. CONCLUSION: Deletion mutations of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment may not play a significant role in carcinogenesis. Genetic difference of mtDNA D-loop between Hca-F and Hca-P, which may reflect the environmental and genetic influences during tumor progression, could be linked to their tumorigenic phenotypes.

Predictive value of symptoms and demographics in diagnosing malignancy or peptic stricture

AIM:To determine which features of history and demographics predict a diagnosis of malignancy or peptic stricture in patients presenting with dysphagia.METHODS:A prospective case-control study of 2000 consecutive referrals(1031 female,age range:17-103 years) to a rapid access service for dysphagia,based in a teaching hospital within the United Kingdom,over 7 years.The service consists of a nurse-led telephone triage followed by investigation(barium swallow or gastroscopy),if appropriate,within 2 wk.Logistic regression analysis of demographic and clinical variables was performed.This includes age,sex,duration of dysphagia,whether to liquids or solids,and whether there are associated features(reflux,odynophagia,weight loss,regurgitation).We determined odds ratio(OR) for these variables for the diagnoses of malignancy and peptic stricture.We determined the value of the Edinburgh Dysphagia Score(EDS) in predicting cancer in our cohort.Multivariate logistic regression was performed and P < 0.05 considered significant.The local ethics committee confirmed ethics approval was not required(audit).RESULTS:The commonest diagnosis is gastro-esophageal reflux disease(41.3%).Malignancy(11.0%) and peptic stricture(10.0%) were also relatively common.Malignancies were diagnosed by histology(97%) or on radiological criteria,either sequential barium swallows showing progression of disease or unequivocal evidence of malignancy on computed tomography.The majority of malignancies were esophago-gastric in origin but ear,nose and throat tumors,pancreatic cancer and extrinsic compression from lung or mediastinal metastatic cancer were also found.Malignancy was statistically more frequent in older patients(aged >73 years,OR 1.1-3.3,age < 60 years 6.5%,60-73 years 11.2%,> 73 years 11.8%,P < 0.05),males(OR 2.2-4.8,males 14.5%,females 5.6%,P < 0.0005),short duration of dysphagia(≤ 8 wk,OR 4.5-20.7,16.6%,8-26 wk 14.5%,> 26 wk 2.5%,P < 0.0005),progressive symptoms(OR 1.3-2.6:progressive 14.8%,intermittent 9.3%,P < 0.001),with weight loss of ≥ 2 kg(OR 2.5-5.1,weight loss 22.1%,without weight loss 6.4%,P < 0.0005) and without reflux(OR 1.2-2.5,reflux 7.2%,no reflux 15.5%,P < 0.0005).The likelihood of malignancy was greater in those who described true dysphagia(food or drink sticking within 5 s of swallowing than those who did not(15.1%vs 5.2% respectively,P < 0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the EDS were 98.4%,9.3%,11.8% and 98.0% respectively.Three patients with an EDS of 3(high risk EDS ≥ 3.5) had malignancy.Unlike the original validation cohort,there was no difference in likelihood of malignancy based on level of dysphagia(pharyngeal level dysphagia 11.9% vs mid sternal or lower sternal dysphagia 12.4%).Peptic stricture was statistically more frequent in those with longer duration of symptoms(> 6 mo,OR 1.2-2.9,≤ 8 wk 9.8%,8-26 wk 10.6%,> 26 wk 15.7%,P < 0.05) and over 60 s(OR 1.2-3.0,age < 60 years 6.2%,60-73 years 10.2%,> 73 years 10.6%,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Malignancy and peptic stricture are frequent findings in those referred with dysphagia.The predictive value for associated features could help determine need for fast track investigation whilst reducing service pressures.

阿奇霉素与克拉霉素治疗幽门螺旋杆菌相关消化性溃疡成本-效果和不良反应分析

目的:评价阿奇霉素与克拉霉素治疗幽门螺旋杆菌相关消化性溃疡的疗效、不良反应及成本-效果。方法:将80例幽门螺旋杆菌相关消化性溃疡患者随机分为两组,分别口服阿奇霉素(治疗组)和克拉霉素(对照组),观察阿奇霉素与克拉霉素的疗效、不良反应,并运用药物经济学成本-效果分析法进行评价。结果:阿奇霉素与克拉霉素治疗幽门螺旋杆菌相关消化性溃疡的总有效率基本相同,分别为97.5%和92.5%(P>0.05);成本-效果比分别为1.04和2.15;不良反应发生率分别为5.0%和22.5%(P<0.05)。经统计学检验,阿奇霉素与克拉霉素均能有效治疗幽门螺旋杆菌相关消化性溃疡,阿奇霉素成本-效果比及不良反应发生率均明显低于克拉霉素。结论:阿奇霉素更适用于治疗幽门螺旋杆菌相关消化性溃疡。

An Ecological Alternative for the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep in Northern Veracruz （Mexico）

The objective was to evaluate the effect of aqueous infusion of cracked soursop seeds on two different concentrations as an organic dewormer compared to a commercial one in GNE （gastrointestinal nematodes） egg population in crossbred hair sheep （Blackbelly-Khatadin） of the northen region of Veracruz. The aqueous infusion was prepared adding 93.5 g of cracked soursop seeds in 1,875 mL of boiled water and let stand for 12 h. Crossbred ewes were randomly assigned to receive every 19 days： （1） 10 mL of cracked soursop infusion orally （n = 27）, （2） 15 mL of cracked soursop infusion orally （n = 27）, and （3） 2 mL of Febendazole subcutaneously （n = 26）. Feces （2-5 g） were collected directly from the rectum of each animal on the following days： 0, 19, 38 and 57 days post treatment. Nematode egg population was determined using the technique of McMaster. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA （analysis of variance）. There was a reduction overtime （P = 0.05） in all treatments in parasite egg population. There were no differences （P = 0.10） in egg population across treatments. In conclusion, aqueous infusion of soursop cracked seeds proved to be an environmentally friendly and effective alternative in the control of gastrointestinal parasites in crossbred hair sheep in the region of northern Veracruz.

A Review of Energy Efficiency in Data Processing Centers

This article explores, through a case study, measures of energy efficiency in data processing centers. An analysis of this case demonstrates how the design criteria could improve the rate of consumption in IT centers, which is currently the second most contaminating industry on the planet, and is the responsible for 2% of CO2 emissions, surpassed only by the aeronautical industry. The present and future situation of IT center energy consumption and associated environmental effects is analyzed, and also looks at how state-of-the-art technology, correctly implemented, could ensure significant rationalization of data processing center energy consumption. The article will examine optimization techniques, specific problems and case studies.