Pro/E与UG软件在注塑模具设计中的功能对比

本文介绍了Pro/E与UG软件在注塑模具设计中的使用流程和主要功能.通过实例进行两个软件分模功能的对比,比较了二者在注塑模具设计过程中的优缺点,并提出了改进软件的方向,对注塑模具设计人员和软件二次开发人员有一定的参考价值.

Fuzzy Words Distribution in Management Science Research Articles

By using ZHANG Qiao＇s method for identifying fuzzy words （1998）, the present paper makes a statistic analysis of fuzzy words appearing in about 43,000 words of 6 academic research articles in management science. A distribution curve of fuzzy words in management research articles is drawn in accordance with the structures of the articles, and it is proved to be reasonable for tile discourse function of each section. Furthermore, the fuzzy words are divided into three categories and eleven sub-categories, including Category Ⅰ-fuzzy words, Category Ⅱ-fuzzy words＋non-fuzzy part / non-fuzzy part＋fuzzy words, Category Ⅲ-approximators＋fuzzy words. Distribution of fuzzy words varies in different sections of research articles in management science, because of different communicative purposes or discourse functions. Introduction section and Conclusion section have a higher occurrence rate of fuzzy words than Abstract section and Methodology and Data section.

Discrimination for minimal hepatic encephalopathy based on Bayesian modeling of default mode network

In order to classify the minimal hepatic encephalopathy （MHE） patients from healthy controls, the independent component analysis （ICA） is used to generate the default mode network （DMN） from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. Then a Bayesian voxel- wised method, graphical-model-based multivariate analysis （GAMMA）, is used to explore the associations between abnormal functional integration within DMN and clinical variable. Without any prior knowledge, five machine learning methods, namely, support vector machines （SVMs）, classification and regression trees （ CART ）, logistic regression, the Bayesian network, and C4.5, are applied to the classification. The functional integration patterns were alternative within DMN, which have the power to predict MHE with an accuracy of 98%. The GAMMA method generating functional integration patterns within DMN can become a simple, objective, and common imaging biomarker for detecting MIIE and can serve as a supplement to the existing diagnostic methods.

Experimental study on operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy with reference to anastomotic patency and postoperative pancreatic exocrine function

AIM:To assess the patency of pancreaticoenterostomy and pancreatic exocrine function after three surgical methods. METHODS: A pig model of pancreatic ductal dilation was made by ligating the main pancreatic duct. After 4 wk ligation, a total of 36 piglets were divided randomly into four groups. The piglets in the control group underwent laparotomy only; the others were treated by three anastomoses: (1) end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomy invagination (EEPJ); (2) end-to-side duct-to- mucosa sutured anastomosis (ESPJ); or (3) binding pancreaticojejunostomy (BPJ). Anastomotic patency was assessed after 8 wk by body weight gain, intrapancreatic ductal pressure, pancreatic exocrine function secretin test, pancreatography, and macroscopic and histologic features of the anastomotic site. RESULTS: The EEPJ group had significantly slower weight gain than the ESPJ and BPJ groups on postoperative weeks 6 and 8 (P < 0.05). The animals in both the ESPJ and BPJ groups had a similar body weight gain.Intrapancreatic ductal pressure was similar in ESPJ and BPJ. However, pressure in EEPJ was significantly higher than that in ESPJ and BPJ (P < 0.05). All three functional parameters, the secretory volume, the flow rate of pancreatic juice, and bicarbonate concentration, were significantly higher in ESPJ and BPJ as compared to EEPJ (P < 0.05). However, the three parameters were similar in ESPJ and BPJ. Pancreatography performed after EEPJ revealed dilation and meandering of the main pancreatic duct, and the anastomotic site exhibited a variable degree of occlusion, and even blockage. Pancreatography of ESPJ and BPJ, however, showed normal ductal patency. Histopathology showed that the intestinal mucosa had fused with that of the pancreatic duct, with a gradual and continuous change from one to the other. For EEPJ, the portion of the pancreatic stump protruding into the jejunal lumen was largely replaced by cicatricial fibrous tissue. CONCLUSION: A mucosa-to-mucosa pancreatico- jejunostomy is the best choice for anastomotic patency when compared with EEPJ. BPJ can effectively maintain anastomotic patency and preserve pancreatic exocrine function as well as ESPJ.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED GPS/GLONASS CARRIER PHASE-BASED POSITIONING

Due to the different signal frequencies for the GLONASS satellites,the commonly-used double-differencing procedure for carrier phase data processing can not be implemented in its straightforward form,as in the case of GPS.In this paper a novel data processing strategy,involving a three-step procedure,for integrated GPS/GLONASS positioning is proposed.The first is pseudo-range-based positioning,that uses double-differenced (DD) GPS pseudo-range and single-differenced (SD) GLONASS pseudo-range measurements to derive the initial position and receiver clock bias.The second is forming DD measurements (expressed in cycles) in order to estimate the ambiguities,by using the receiver clock bias estimated in the above step.The third is to form DD measurements (expressed in metric units) with the unknown SD integer ambiguity for the GLONASS reference satellite as the only parameter (which is constant before a cycle slip occurs for this satellite).A real-time stochastic model estimated by residual series over previous epochs is proposed for integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase and pseudo-range data processing.Other associated issues,such as cycle slip detection,validation criteria and adaptive procedure(s) for ambiguity resolution,is also discussed.The performance of this data processing strategy will be demonstrated through case study examples of rapid static positioning and kinematic positioning.From four experiments carried out to date,the results indicate that rapid static positioning requires 1 minute of single frequency GPS/GLONASS data for 100% positioning success rate.The single epoch positioning solution for kinematic positioning can achieve 94.6% success rate over short baselines (<6 km).

Acid Dissociation Constants of Functional Groups in Humic Substances:I.Affinity Spectrum Model Analysis of Potentiometric Data of Fulvic and Humic Acids Solutions from Weathered Coal and Dark Loessial Soil

Potentiometric experiments were carried out on the proton binding equilibria of FA extracted from a weathered coal and HA and Fa extracted from a dark loessial soil.The affinity spectrum model was employed to treat the experimental data.The affinity spectrum model technique could“magnify” the heterogeneity of the proton binding equilibria.so it was useful for comparing and studying the characteristics of humic substances with similar properties.According to the affinity spectra,we also found that the direction of the titration could affect the properties of the equilibria of FA from the weathered coal,and the acidic functional groups contained in FA from the weathered coal were larger in quantity than those contained in HA and FA from the dark loessial soil.

Mathematical Modeling in Social Network Analysis： Using TOPSIS to Find Node Influences in a Social Network

In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these measures. We might use this information in decision making concerning disrupting or deceiving a given network. All is fine when all the measures indicate the same node as the key or influential node. What happens when the measures indicate different key nodes？ Our goal in this paper is to explore two methodologies to identify the key players or nodes in a given network. We apply TOPSIS to analyze these outputs to find the most influential nodes as a function of the decision makers＇ inputs as a process to consider both subjective and objectives inputs through pairwise comparison matrices. We illustrate our results using two common networks from the literature： the Kite network and the Information flow network from Knoke and Wood. We discuss some basic sensitivity analysis can may be applied to the methods. We find the use of TOPSIS as a flexible method to weight the criterion based upon the decision makers＇ inputs or the topology of the network.

Influence of Velocity Shell Correlations on Anomalous Scaling Exponents of Passive Scalars in Shell Models

We propose a new approach to the old-standing problem of the anomaly of the scaling exponents of passive scalars of turbulence. Different to the original problem, the distribution function of the prescribed random velocity field is multi-dimensional normal and delta-correlated in time. Here, our random velocity field is spatially correlative. For comparison, we also give the result obtained by the Gaussian random velocity field without spatial correlation. The anomalous scaling exponents H（p） of passive scalar advected by two kinds of random velocity above are determined for structure function up to p= 15 by numerical simulations of the random shell model with Runge-Kutta methods to solve the stochastic differential equations. We observed that the H（p） ＇s obtained by the multi-dimeasional normal distribution random velocity are more anomalous than those obtained by the independent Gaussian random velocity.

Insights into restrictive cardiomyopathy from clinical and animal studies

Cardiomyopathies are diseases that primarily affect the myocardium, leading to serious cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Out of the three major categories of cardiomyopathies （hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive）, restrictive cardiomyopathy （RCM） is less common and also the least studied. However, the prognosis for RCM is poor as some patients dying in their childhood. The molecular mechanisms behind the disease development and progression are not very clear and the treatment of RCM is very difficult and often ineffective. In this article, we reviewed the recent progress in RCM research from the clinical studies and the translational studies done on diseased transgenic animal models. This will help for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the etiology and development of RCM and for the design of better treatments for the disease.

A data structure and function classification based method to evaluate clustering models for gene expression data

Objective:To establish a systematic framework for selecting the best clustering algorithm and provide an evaluation method for clustering analyses of gene expression data. Methods: Based on data structure (internal information) and function classification (external information), the evaluation of gene expression data analyses were carried out by using 2 approaches. Firstly, to assess the predictive power of clusteringalgorithms, Entropy was introduced to measure the consistency between the clustering results from different algorithms and the known and validated functional classifications. Secondly, a modified method of figure of merit (adjust-FOM) was used as internal assessment method. In this method, one clustering algorithm was used to analyze all data but one experimental condition, the remaining condition was used to assess the predictive power of the resulting clusters. This method was applied on 3 gene expression data sets (2 from the Lyer's Serum Data Sets, and 1 from the Ferea's Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Data Set). Results: A method based on entropy and figure of merit (FOM) was proposed to explore the results of the 3 data sets obtained by 6 different algorithms, SOM and Fuzzy clustering methods were confirmed to possess the highest ability to cluster. Conclusion: A method based on entropy is firstly brought forward to evaluate clustering analyses.Different results are attained in evaluating same data set due to different function classification. According to the curves of adjust_FOM and Entropy_FOM, SOM and Fuzzy clustering methods show the highest ability to cluster on the 3 data sets.

Boundary Correlation Functions of the gl(1|1) Supersymmetric Vertex Model

The gl（1/1） supersymmetric vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions （DWBC） on an N × N square lattice is considered. We derive the reduction formulae for the one-point boundary correlation functions of the model. The determinant representation for the boundary correlation functions is also obtained.

Synthesis of fractal geometry and CAGD models for multi-scale topography modelling of functional surfaces

In order to support the functional design and simulation and the final fabrication processes for functional surfaces,it is necessary to obtain a multi-scale modelling approach representing both macro geometry and micro details of the surface in one unified model.Based on the fractal geometry theory,a synthesized model is proposed by mathematically combining Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function in micro space and freeform CAGD model in macro space.Key issues of the synthesis,such as algorithms for fractal interpolation of freeform profiles,and visualization optimization for fractal details,are addressed.A prototype of the integration solution is developed based on the platform of AutoCAD's Object ARX,and a few multi-scale modelling examples are used as case studies.With the consistent mathematic model,multi-scale surface geometries can be represented precisely.Moreover,the visualization result of the functional surfaces shows that the visualization optimization strategies developed are efficient.

Fault Diagnosis of Reciprocating Compressors Valve Based on Cyclostationary Method

The relationship between second-order cyclostationary method and time-frequency distribution is studied, and cyclic autocorrelation（CA） function is indicated to be one sort of special time-frequency distribution method. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis method for reciprocating compressors based on empirical mode decomposition （EMD） and CA function is proposed, and then it is applied to the fault diagnosis of reciprocating compressor valve. Firstly, the vibration signal of reciprocating compressor valve is decomposed by using ENID method, and several intrinsic mode functions （IMFs） are obtained. Secondly, the IMFs are evaluated by some denoising criterions to remove the noise and interfering ones. Finally, the CA functions of the remained IMFs are calculated, which will be used to reconstruct the CA function of the original vibration signal. Engineering application indicates that this method can sufficiently inhibit the cross-interference items of CA function. Therefore, more explicit working conditions of reciprocating compressor components can be achieved.

The Development of Intelligent Home Remote Monitoring System based on B/S Framework

This paper deeply studies the intelligent Home embedded system based on B/S architecture. Firstly, analysis requirement of Home function based on the existing software development mode, and proposed a system framework of intelligent Home system, and designed the communication scheme of the whole Home system, also gives the system each function module realization. This paper achieve two basic service system based on Intelligent Home through a series of analysis and design： outdoor remote intelligent Home monitoring service and the indoor intelligent management service.

Practical Exploration of Ecological Restoration and Management of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands System in the Irtysh River Basin in Altay,Xinjiang

The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia.Here,the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands system(MRFFLGs)pilot project in the Irtysh River Basin is refined,by complying with the core concept,i.e.,"mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands are a community of life".The solution stresses the specific characteristics of ecologically protecting and restoring MRFFLGs in the Irtysh River Basin,which aim to reduce ecological water use,soil erosion,forest and grassland degradation,the ecological destruction of mines,water environment pollution and other issues.With overall protection,system restoration,district policy,and problem orientation as the overarching ideas,162 sub-items of 44 major items with seven categories have been designed and implemented in the project.In addition,some highlights of the management experience that are worth promoting when the pilot project is being implemented are also summarized(e.g.,the use of laws to solve historical problems,scientific argumentation and third-party evaluation,proactive guidance for the engagement of people,modern information technology support,and integration with local sustainable development).Lastly,four policy suggestions are proposed:(1)Building a model of systematic protection and restoration by using basins as the basic geographic unit;(2)Establishing and optimizing key weak links of systems and mechanisms;(3)Focusing on remedying the shortcomings of regional talents,technology and capital;and(4)Promoting the MRFFLGs project to integrate"industry,city,people,and tourism"for carrying out a large-scale system project.

Curative effect of scraping therapies on lumbar muscle strain

OBJECTIVE:To explore factors influencing the curative effect of scraping therapies (at acupoints or along channels) and to determine the relationship of scraping site and strength to curative effect. METHODS: Two hundred and ten patients with lumbar muscle strain were divided into five groups with 42 patients each.The "scraping therapy at acupoint until appearance of skin eruptions" and "scraping therapy along channel until appearance of skin eruptions" groups were treated with a 4-daycourse. The "scraping therapy at acupoint without appearance of skin eruptions", "scraping therapy along channel without appearance of skin eruptions", and acupuncture groups were treated with a 2-day course.The five groups were treated with seven courses. The visual analog scale (VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI), and lumbago scores were recorded in the five groups before treatment, after each treatment, and in follow-up visits one month and three months after treatment. RESULTS: VAS, ODI, and lumbago scores after treatment improved in the five groups (P<0.01). There was a statistical difference (P<0.01) in the change of VAS scores by appearance of skin eruptions and scraping site. CONCLUSION: Scraping therapy can effectively alleviate lumbago symptoms. The appearance of skin eruptions and scraping therapy along channels can enhance the curative effect of scraping therapy.

Two kinds of posterior approach for Kummell＇s disease after osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture

Objective： To compare the surgical results of two kinds of posterior approach for osteoporotic thoracolumbar Ktimmell＇s disease. Methods： Clinical and radiographic results of 1-segmental pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty （Group A, n=12） or posterior shortening osteotomy （Group B, n=16） for osteoporotic thoracolumbar Kummell＇s disease were analyzed retrospectively. Japanese orthopedic association （JOA） and visual analogue scale （VAS） scores were used for clinical evaluation. Neurological status was judged by Frankel grades. X-ray was used to evaluate the radiographic results. Complications related to operation and devices were also considered. Results： The follow-up period was 12-54 months （average 29 months）. Pre- and post-operative VAS were 9.3 and 3.2 in Group A, 8.9 and 2.5 in Group B, respectively. The mean JOA score at the final follow-up was significantly higher than that of pre-operation （t=-5.306, P〈0.001）. There was no significant difference between Groups A and B （t=0.618,P〉0.05）. The kyphosis were corrected from preoperative 33.9°（A）/ 37.3°（B） to postoperative 10.3°（A）/6.5°（B）, and 15.3° （A）/13.7°（B） at the final follow-up. There was a significant difference between the two groups at the final follow-up. Frankel grade was improved from grade C preoperatively to postoperatively grade D or E in 7 cases of Group A and 5 cases of Group B, from grade D to E in 5 cases of Group A and 11 cases of Group B. The mean improvement was 1.6 and 1.7 grades for Groups A and B, respectively. There were no serious complications related to internal fixation. Conclusions： The similar clinical results can be obtained by the two kinds of posterior surgical methods for osteoporotic Kummell＇s disease. Posterior spinal shortening is a better choice for patients with serious kyphosis combined with neurological deficit than the other.

Analysis of within-host CHIKV dynamics models with general incidence rate

In this paper we study the stability analysis of two within-host Chikungunya virus （CHIKV） dynamics models. The incidence rate between the CHIKV and the uninfected mouocytes is modeled by a general nonlinear function. The second model considers two types of infected monocytes （i） latently infected monocytes which do not generate CHIKV and （ii） actively infected monocytes which produce the CHIKV particles. Sufficient conditions are found which guarantee the global stability of the positive steady states. Using the Lyapunov function, we established the global stability of the steady states of the models. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

Hopf bifurcation analysis in a turbidostat model with Beddington.DeAngelis functional response and discrete delay

In this paper, regarding the time delay as a bifurcation parameter, the stability and Hopf bifurcation of the model of competition between two species in a turbidostat with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and discrete delay are studied. The Hopf bifurcations can be shown when the delay crosses the critical value. Furthermore, based on the normal form and the center manifold theorem, the type, stability and other properties of the bifurcating periodic solutions are determined. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the results.