分注井有效分水图的绘制

分注井的有效分水图是注水井测调试资料在应用上的评价工具,可清楚地描述出对应压力和日注水量下的层段分水状况是否合格,对提高测试队的注水井测试质量和采油队的日常管理水平有明显推动作用。

Resource allocation based on fairness and QoS provisioning for OFDMA-WLAN system

To satisfy different service requirements of multiple users in the orthogo nal frequency division multiple access wireless local area network OFDMA-WLAN system downlink transmission a resource allocation algorithm based on fairness and quality of service QoS provisioning is proposed. Different QoS requirements are converted into different rate requirements to calculate the QoSs atisfaction level.The optimization object is revised as a fairness-driven resource optimization function to provide fairness. The complex resource allocation problem is divided into channel allocation and power assignment sub-problems. The sub-problems are solved by the bipartite graph matching and water-filling based method.Compared with other algorithms the proposed algorithm sacrifices less data rate for higher fairnes and QoS satisfaction.The sim ulation results show that the proposed algorithm is capableo fp rovi ding QoS and fairness and performs better in a tradeoff among QoS fairness and data rate.

An Approach to Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Image Structural Decomposition

Underwater imaging posts a challenge due to the degradation by the absorption and scattering occurred during light propagation as well as poor lighting conditions in water medium Although image filtering techniques are utilized to improve image quality effectively, problems of the distortion of image details and the bias of color correction still exist in output images due to the complexity of image texture distribution. This paper proposes a new underwater image enhancement method based on image struc- tural decomposition. By introducing a curvature factor into the Mumford_Shah_G decomposition algorithm, image details and struc- ture components are better preserved without the gradient effect. Thus, histogram equalization and Retinex algorithms are applied in the decomposed structure component for global image enhancement and non-uniform brightness correction for gray level and the color images, then the optical absorption spectrum in water medium is incorporate to improve the color correction. Finally, the en- hauced structure and preserved detail component are re.composed to generate the output. Experiments with real underwater images verify the image improvement by the proposed method in image contrast, brightness and color fidelity.

Watershed-based Image Segmentation with Region Merging and Edge Detection

The clustering technique is used to examine each pixel in the image which assigned to one of the clusters depending on the minimum distance to obtain primary classified image into different intensity regions. A watershed transformation technique is then employes. This includes: gradient of the classified image, dividing the image into markers, checking the Marker Image to see if it has zero points (watershed lines). The watershed lines are then deleted in the Marker Image created by watershed algorithm. A Region Adjacency Graph (RAG) and Region Adjacency Boundary (RAB) are created between two regions from Marker Image. Finally region merging is done according to region average intensity and two edge strengths (T1, T2). The approach of the authors is tested on remote sensing and brain MR medical images. The final segmentation result is one closed boundary per actual region in the image.

Behavioral response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute ammonia stress monitored by computer vision

The behavioral responses of a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) school to low (0.13 mg/L), moderate (0.79 mg/L) and high (2.65 mg/L) levels of unionized ammonia (UIA) concentration were monitored using a computer vision system. The swimming activity and geometrical parameters such as location of the gravity center and distribution of the fish school were calculated continuously. These behavioral parameters of tilapia school responded sensitively to moderate and high UIA concen-tration. Under high UIA concentration the fish activity showed a significant increase (P<0.05), exhibiting an avoidance reaction to high ammonia condition, and then decreased gradually. Under moderate and high UIA concentration the school’s vertical location had significantly large fluctuation (P<0.05) with the school moving up to the water surface then down to the bottom of the aquarium alternately and tending to crowd together. After several hours’ exposure to high UIA level, the school finally stayed at the aquarium bottom. These observations indicate that alterations in fish behavior under acute stress can provide important in-formation useful in predicting the stress.

Image Segmentation Using an Improved Watershed Algorithm

As watershed algorithm suffers from over-segmentation problem, this paper presented an efficient method to resolve this problem. First, pre-process of the image using median filter is made to reduce the effect of noise. Second, watershed algorithm is employed to provide initial regions. Third, regions are merged according to the information between the region and boundary. In the merger processing based on the region information, an adaptive threshold of the difference between the neighboring regions is used as the region merge criteria, which is based on the human visual character. In the merger processing on the boundary information, the gradient is used to judge the true boundary of the image to avoid merging the foreground with the background regions. Finally, post-process to the regions using mathematical morphology open and close filter is done to smooth object boundaries. The experimental results show that this method is very efficient.

A New Pullulan-Producing Yeast and Medium Optimization for Its Exopolysaccharide Production

Yeast strain Y68 producing high level of pullulan was isolated from the phyton collected in Toulouse, France. This strain was identified to be Rhodotorula bacarum by BIOLOG analysis. This is the first report that pullulan was produced by Rhodotorula bacarum. The optimal medium (g L -1) for pullulan production by this strain was 80 glucose, 20 soybean cake hydrolysate, 5 K 2HPO 4, 1 NaCl, 0.2 MgSO 4·7H 2O, 0.6 (NH 4) 2SO 4, pH 7.0. Under this condition, 54 g L -1 pullulan was produced within 60 h at 30 ℃. Pullulan is a better starting material for producing marine prodrugs.

MULTI-REGION SEGMENTATION OF SAR IMAGE BY A MULTIPHASE LEVEL SET APPROACH

In this letter,a multiphase level set approach unifying region and boundary-based infor-mation for multi-region segmentation of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)image is presented.Anenergy functional that is applicable for SAR image segmentation is defined.It consists of two termsdescribing the local statistic characteristics and the gradient characteristics of SAR image respectively.A multiphase level set model that explicitly describes the different regions in one image is proposed.The purpose of such a multiphase model is not only to simplify the way of denoting multi-region by levelset but also to guarantee the accuracy of segmentation.According to the presented multiphase model,the curve evolution equations with respect to edge curves are deduced.The multi-region segmentationis implemented by the numeric solution of the partial differential equations.The performance of theapproach is verified by both simulation and real SAR images.The experiments show that the proposedalgorithm reduces the speckle effect on segmentation and increases the boundary alignment accuracy,thus correctly divides the multi-region SAR image into different homogenous regions.

Segmentation of Somatic Cells in Goat Milk Using Color Space CIELAB

Somatic cell counts （SCCs） levels indicate the occurrence of infections in goat udders and are related to the productivity of goat milk, cheese and yoghurt. This work presents a segmentation method for counting somatic cells in goat milk images, intending to detect an infection known as mastiffs, which is the major cause of loss in dairy farming. The image segmentation procedure is devised by using the lab color space and the watershed transform. A large number of samples under variable preparation conditions are treated with the proposed method. A comparison between manual and the proposed technique is presented. Promising results indicates that video-microscopy systems may be employed to develop automated SCC for goat milk.

A method of remote sensing image water segmentation based on adaptive morphological elliptical structuring elements

The use of visible and infrared remote sensing images to calculate the water area is an effective means to grasp the basic situation of water resources,and water segmentation is the premise of statistics.Generally,the edge features of the water in the remote sensing images are complex.When the traditional morphology is used for image segmentation,it is easy to change the image edge and affect the accuracy of image segmentation because the fixed structuring elements are used to perform morphological operations on the image.To segment water in the remote sensing image accurately,a remote sensing image water segmentation method based on adaptive morphological elliptical structuring elements is proposed.Firstly,the eigenvalue and eigenvector of the image are estimated by linear structure tensor,and the elliptical structuring elements are constructed by the eigenvalue and eigenvector.Then adaptive morphological operations are defined,combining the close operation to eliminate the influence of dark detail noise on water without overstretching the water edge,so that the water edge can be maintained more accurately.Finally,on this basis,the water area can be segmented by gray slice.The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher segmentation accuracy and the average segmentation error is less than 1.43%.

Segmentation of Bacteria Image Based on Level Set Method

In biology ferment engineering,accurate statistics of the quantity of bacteria is one of the most important subjects. In this paper,the quantity of bacteria which was observed traditionally manuauy can be detected automatically. Image acquisition and processing system is designed to accomplish image preprocessing,image segmentation and statistics of the quantity of bacteria. Segmentation of bacteria images is successfully realized by means of a region-based level set method and then the quantity of bacteria is computed precisely,which plays an important role in optimizing the growth conditions of bacteria.

Clustering-driven watershed adaptive segmentation of bubble image

In order to extract froth morphological feature,a bubble image adaptive segmentation method was proposed.Considering the image's low contrast and weak froth edges,froth image was coarsely segmented by using fuzzy c means(FCM) algorithm. Through the attributes of size and shape pattern spectrum,the optimal morphological structuring element was determined.According to the optimal parameters,some image noises were removed with an improved area opening and closing by reconstruction operation,which consist of image regional markers,and the bubbles were finely separated from each other by watershed transform.The experimental results show that the structural element can be determined adaptively by shape and size pattern spectrum,and the froth image is segmented accurately.Compared with other froth image segmentation method,the proposed method achieves much high accuracy,based on which,the bubble size and shape features are extracted effectively.

SVM for density estimation and application to medical image segmentation

A method of medical image segmentation based on support vector machine (SVM) for density estimation is presented. We used this estimator to construct a prior model of the image intensity and curvature profile of the structure from training images. When segmenting a novel image similar to the training images, the technique of narrow level set method is used. The higher dimensional surface evolution metric is defined by the prior model instead of by energy minimization function. This method offers several advantages. First, SVM for density estimation is consistent and its solution is sparse. Second, compared to the traditional level set methods, this method incorporates shape information on the object to be segmented into the segmentation process. Segmentation results are demonstrated on synthetic images, MR images and ultrasonic images.

Assessment of the Presence of Chlorides in Mortar through the Silver Nitrate Colorimetric Spraying Method

This study aims to evaluate the presence of free chlorides by the silver nitrate colorimetric spraying method in mortars made with Portland cement CP II Z-32. In order to make an assessment beyond the qualitative analysis, a calculation of the contaminated areas by free chlorides was performed by measuring the regions using a computer image analysis software （IMAGEJ）. The experimental part of the research involved samples of 5 cm x 10 cm of mortar and 0.1 M solution of silver nitrate in distilled water. The mortar samples were made with cement CP II Z-32 with the following concentrations of chloride incorporated into the mixing water： 0%0, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 2.0%, in relation to the mass of cement, totaling 108 samples. The average of percentage results from the contaminated area of the series of samples was respectively 0%, 14.9694%, 19.7444%, 46.0239%, 62.3311% and 96.0083% in relation to the total area, concluding that the method of silver nitrate spraying is applicable and that the white color indicates the presence of chloride ions and other possible aggressive salts to the structure or the concrete.

Dynamic Simulation on Surface Hydration and Dehydration of Monoclinic Zirconia

The commonly used oxide-supported metal catalysts are usually prepared in aqueous phase,which then often need to undergo calcination before usage.Therefore,the surface hydration and dehydration of oxide supports are critical for the realistic modeling of supported metal catalysts.In this work,by ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations,the initial anhydrous monoclinic ZrO_(2)(111)surfaces are evaluated within explicit solvents in aqueous phase at mild temperatures.During the simulations,all the two-fold-coordinated O sites will soon be protonated to form the acidic hydroxyls(HO_(L)),remaining the basic hydroxyls(HO^(∗))on Zr.The basic hydroxyls(HO^(∗))can easily diffuse on surfaces via the active proton exchange with the undissociated adsorption water(H_(2)O^(∗)).Within the temperatures ranging from 273 K to 373 K,in aqueous phase a certain representative equilibrium hydrated m-ZrO_(2)(¯111)surface is obtained with the coverage(θ)of 0.75 on surface Zr atoms.Later,free energies on the stepwise surface water desorption are calculated by density functional theory to mimic the surface dehydration under the mild calcination temperatures lower than 800 K.By obtaining the phase diagrams of surface dehydration,the representative partially hydrated m-ZrO_(2)(111)surfaces(0.25≤θ<0.75)at various calcination temperatures are illustrated.These hydrated m-ZrO_(2)(111)surfaces can be crucial and readily applied for more realistic modeling of ZrO_(2) catalysts and ZrO_(2)-supported metal catalysts.

IDENTIFICATION OF INPAINTED IMAGES AND NATURAL IMAGES FOR DIGITAL FORENSICS

Image forensics is a form of image analysis for finding out the condition of an image in the complete absence of any digital watermark or signature.It can be used to authenticate digital images and identify their sources.While the technology of exemplar-based inpainting provides an approach to remove objects from an image and play visual tricks.In this paper, as a first attempt, a method based on zero-connectivity feature and fuzzy membership is proposed to discriminate natural images from inpainted images.Firstly, zero-connectivity labeling is applied on block pairs to yield matching degree feature of all blocks in the region of suspicious, then the fuzzy memberships are computed and the tampered regions are identified by a cut set.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in detecting inpainted images.

Experimental Study on the Dam-Break Hydrographs at the Gate Location

When studying the dam-break flow phenomenon,the basic hydrodynamic features of the dam-break flow at the gate location should be verified primarily.In this study,laboratory experiments were performed in a rectangular and horizontal flume with the same initial water head setting on the dry and wet downstream bed conditions.Water surface elevation was extracted through image analysis and validated by comparing with the data measured using a wave gauge.Temporal variation of the water surface elevation at the gate location,quantified in terms of high-speed video recorded images,can be divided into three stages,the sharp decreasing stage,the relatively steady stage,and the gradually decreasing stage.Applicability of several classic analytical solutions of the dam-break problem at the gate location was validated using present experimental data.Ritter's solution is effective for the dry bed condition while Stoker's solution could be applied to the wet bed case,and both are only applicable during the steady stage.Lin' solution reproduces the gate-site hydrographs well during both the relatively steady and the gradually decreasing stages,especially for the condition under which the down-upstream water depth ratio is smaller than 0.138.

Chaotic system and QR factorization based robust digital image watermarking algorithm

In order to protect copyright of digital images,a new robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on chaotic system and QR factorization was proposed.The host images were firstly divided into blocks with same size,then QR factorization was performed on each block.Pseudorandom circular chain(PCC) generated by logistic mapping(LM) was applied to select the embedding blocks for enhancing the security of the scheme.The first column coefficients in Q matrix of chosen blocks were modified to embed watermarks without causing noticeable artifacts.Watermark extraction procedure was performed without the original cover image.The experimental results demonstrate that the watermarked images have good visual quality and this scheme is better than the existing techniques,especially when the image is attacked by cropping,noise pollution and so on.Analysis and discussion on robustness and security issues were also presented.

A NEW DEFORMABLE MODEL USING LEVEL SETS FOR SHAPE SEGMENTATION

In this paper, we present a new deformable model for shape segmentation, which makes two modifications to the original level set implementation of deformable models.The modifications are motivated by difficulties that we have encountered in applying deformable models to segmentation of medical images.The level set algorithm has some advantages over the classical snake deformable models.However, it could develop large gaps in the boundary and holes within the objects.Such boundary gaps and holes of objects can cause inaccurate segmentation that requires manual correction.The proposed method in this paper possesses an inherent property to detect gaps and holes within the object with a single initial contour and also does not require specific initialization.The first modification is to replace the edge detector by some area constraint, and the second modification utilizes weighted length constraint to regularize the curve under evolution.The proposed method has been applied to both synthetic and real images with promising results.

Obtain Thematic Maps of Diyarbakir Basalt Aquifer＇s Water Quality Parameters with Using GIS Technique

In this study, groundwater quality and water features of Diyarbakir urban basalt aquifer which contains Baglar, Kayapmar, Sur and Yenisehir residential areas aimed to be determined. At this location, water wells opened for drinking water and irrigation water are used in the agricultural field. Therefore, in the study area, which opened in water samples taken from water wells were examined. It was reformed in the field, water samples were taken from the predrilled water wells. Water wells in the same coordinates are determined by Garmin etrex 30 handheld GPS system. Chemical analysis of water samples taken in the laboratory was made. The wells water＇s pH, Electrical Conductivity （EC） and Dissolved Solids （TDS） features were acquired by Portable Hanna HI 98125 pH/EC/TDS/℃ meter device at the field. At this study, basalt aquifer features are considered, and water quality and water chemical properties were determined in Diyarbakir city centre, pH, EC and TDS values of the water samples taken on site and those water chemical analyses were measured in the laboratory. Then, they were modelled by using ARC INFO 10.2.1 GIS programme and geostatistical analyst extension tool. At the end of this process, thematic map of Diyarbakir＇s basalt aquifer pH, EC and TDS were produced.