分析分流注浆堵水技术在煤矿防治水中的应用

煤炭资源是一种不可再生资源,虽然我国煤炭资源丰富,但是随着开采的规模的扩大,浅层资源开发殆尽,深井开发是不可避免的。但是在深井开发的过程中往往需要面对极为复杂的地质情况,含水层的巷道容易出现涌水的现象,并形成煤炭开采水害,不仅影响开采工作的正常进行,还威胁到工作人员的生命安全。 因此需要重视煤矿开采水害的防治,避免水害的发生或及时处理水害,降低水害的影响范围。文章主要探讨分流注浆堵水技术在煤矿防治水中的应用,旨在提高每一矿开采的安全性。

分流术治疗隐球菌性脑膜继发性脑积水(英文)

目的 脑室腹腔分流术可以治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎所继发脑积水 ,本文旨在探讨其手术适应证 ,并发证及评价疗效。方法 回顾同济神经外科自 1990～ 2 0 0 2年收治的新型隐球菌性脑膜炎合并脑积水 15例治疗过程 ,患者均接受脑室腹腔分流术。结果 15例中有 14例临床症状明显改善 ,有 2例后期接受二次分流管调整术。分流术并无形成感染源之虞 ,无证据显示造成腹腔及循环系统的感染扩散。结论 脑室腹腔分流术能安全有效减轻积水 ,改善症状及提高疗效。

分流注浆堵水技术在煤矿防治水中的应用

针对西部某煤矿巷道涌水采取注水泥浆堵水措施效果较差的现象,室内以聚醚多元醇PTMG、甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI和改性剂GX-1等物质为主要原料,结合其他化学助剂,制备了一种新型注浆堵水材料,并将其在目标煤矿井分流注浆堵水现场施工中进行了成功应用。室内实验结果表明,新型注浆堵水材料制备过程中改性剂GX-1的加量越大,A组分的密度和黏度值就越大,凝胶时间和包水性也越长;另外,新型注浆堵水材料的遇水膨胀率随着改性剂GX-1加量的增大而逐渐降低,抗压强度随着GX-1加量的增大呈现出“先升高后降低”的趋势,改性剂GX-1的最佳加量为3%。现场应用结果表明,新型注浆堵水材料在S112井分流注浆堵水施工中应用效果较好,采取措施后S-1井段和S-2井段的涌水量明显降低,注浆堵水效果较好。

水分流式冷却套管在AOD炉除尘系统中的应用

阐述了在AOD炉除尘系统中水冷烟道的创新设计,在冷却套管的基础上,采用隔板分流的方式,制成水分流式冷却套管,为今后水冷烟道的改造提供经验。

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场“三水”分流施工技术

根据工程实例 ,详细介绍了城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场雨水、浊水、渗沥水“三水”

潮汐动床模型试验中浑水分流阀的研制

本文介绍了一种新型生潮设备－浑水分流阀。对原来用于清水定床试验的同类型设备采取了多种技术措施，经反复研制成功。它可用于潮汐模型和河道模型的定、动床试验。

神经内窥镜治疗脑积水

目的:探讨神经内窥镜在脑积水治疗中的作用.方法:应用神经内窥镜单独或辅助手术,对123例脑积水患者根据其类型不同采用不同的手术方式:对58例导水管狭窄性脑积水行内窥镜下第三脑室底脚间池造瘘术;28交通性脑积水行脉络丛凝固术;8例单侧脑室积水行透明隔穿通术;14例丘脑肿瘤合并双侧室间孔堵塞性脑积水行透明隔穿通、肿瘤活检并内窥镜引导下放置V-P分流管;15例进展迅速的交通性脑积水行内窥镜引导放置V-P分流管的颅内端.结果:随访3～36个月.123例中108例(88%)有效.无严重并发症.结论:神经内窥镜用于脑积水的治疗,明显改善手术疗效、降低并发症,可使部分患者免除体内置管.对分隔型及其他类型脑积水,内窥镜应作为术中重要辅助工具.

水平井浅测分段注水管柱的研制与应用

为了提高水平井分段注水的密封可靠性、降低水平段测调难度、提高测试效率和成功率,研制了水平井浅测分段注水管柱。该管柱主要由安全接头、浅测分流配水器、集成封隔配水器、扶正器及水平洗井阀等组成。浅测分流配水器与双层集成心子结构将水平段的测试调配调整到直井段中进行,且1次注水心子投捞可完成2层水量调配,管柱上端的液控安全接头可实现管柱遇卡时的分段解卡处理。现场应用情况表明,该管柱结构设计合理,操作方便,对于改善水平井分段注水均衡开发效果具有重要意义。

严重颅脑损伤后脑积水13例临床分析

报告13例严重颅脑损伤后脑积水,12例行侧脑室-腹腔分流术。手术效果良好,讨论和分析了颅脑损伤后脑积水的发生机理并提出CT扫描是诊断和鉴别诊断的重要手段。认为对于严重颅脑损伤患者经手术或药物治疗后病情无明显好转而又排除了颅内复发性、迟发性或遗留性血肿情况下,就应想到有脑积水的可能。应做CT扫描明确诊断。

特厚综放工作面过断层防治水技术体系实践

为解决巨厚砂岩含水层影响下特厚煤层综放开采过断层水害防治的技术难题,以彬长矿区孟村煤矿首采面揭露的断层为例,采用槽波勘探CT成像、井下钻孔高位探查的手段对断层展布、含导水性和水害威胁进行了研究。针对该断层展布长、落差大、水害威胁严重的特点,研发了留设限高保护带、超前注浆加固、采空区涌水滞后分流等水害"A+B"综合防治技术。在首采面现场试验后,确保了孟村煤矿401101工作面回采通过DF29断层期间涌水平稳,未发生架前大面积淋水和采空区水量突增的情况,研究成果为彬长矿区类似条件矿井的安全生产提供借鉴。

Influence of Vegetation Coverage on Surface Runoff and Soil Moisture in Rainy Season in Dry-hot Valley

[Objective]The research aimed to study the effects of vegetation coverage on the changes of soil moisture in rainy season in dry-hot valley.[Method]The surface runoff and soil moisture of slope with vegetation coverage and bare land in rainy reason in Jinsha River at Yuanmou County of Yunnan Province were observed continuously.Moreover,the statistical analysis was made based on the observation data.[Result]The vegetation coverage could decrease surface runoff and the surface runoff on bare land（CK） was 22 times as the plot with vegetation coverage.The soil water content in 0-180 cm layer with vegetation coverage increased by 37.8% than bare land.The stability of soil moisture content in deep layer was enhanced and the physical properties stability of soil was maintained.The soil moisture content in different depth of soil had significant difference and the changes of soil moisture content were obviously different.[Conclusion]The vegetation coverage of slope could change the soil hydrology obviously and keep soil moisture at the higher level,especially at soil layer below 20 cm.

Effects of water stress on Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings in the desert region of Heihe inland river watershed, Gansu Province, China

The water relation and leaf gas exchange of saxoul (Haloxylon Ammodendron Bge, a C4 shrub) seedlings were studied under water stress in 2001. Saxoul seedlings maintained high transpiration when the soil moisture was above 11%. The seedlings were able to take up water from soil with above 6 % soil water content, which was the threshold level of soil moisture for seedlings. The relationship between transpiration and potential evaporation was linear for well-watered seedlings. The de-crease of soil water availability led to different degrees of down-regulation of stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and net CO2 assimilation rate. The stomata played a relatively small part in determining the net CO2 assimilation rate for the same seedling. The relationship between net CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration was linear diurnally, and reduction scale of leaf transpiration was much bigger than that of net CO2 assimilation rate by waters tress treatments, therefore intrinsic wa-ter-use-efficiency increased. High evaporative demand increased the leaf transpiration but inhibited net CO2 assimilation rate. Because of the effect of VPD on transpiration in this region, the transpiration of well-watered and mild water stress seedlings becomes responsive to change in stomatal conductance over a wider range.

Error Analysis on Gradient Information of Sloping Land Derived from the Low-resolution DEM

With digital elevation model （DEM）,sloping data were extracted automatically and soil erosion situation was also investigated. Compared with field survey and the related studies,the results showed that parallel range-gorge landform in Three Gorges reservoir area,the inter-bedded structures formed by Jurassic purple clay （page） rocks and human activities were the key controlling factors for small-scale sloping terrain.

Effect of Typical Vegetation Restoration Pattern on Soil and Water Conservation in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley of Yunnan Province

In Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Yunnan Province,three typical vegetation restoration patterns including production forest transformed from sloping fields to terracing,ecological afforestation within the gully and ecological aforestation in gully head and slope were selected to compare their effects on soil and water conservation.Soil and water loss,soil infiltration rate and the soil moisture dynamics of soil profile with the depth of 0-100 cm of these three patterns and their controls were observed by established standard observation plots in rainy season.The results showed that the soil and water loss of ecological afforestation and production forest terrace reduced by over 30% and 60% compared with their controls（without growth of any vegetation）respectively,showing significant control effect on the soil and water loss.Vegetation restoration also apparently increased the infiltration rate of soil（increased by 100%-200%）.In rainy season,the soil moisture content of ecological afforestation and production forest terrace increased by over 30% and 100% compared with their controls.This indicated that vegetation restoration will not lead to soil aridity during the rainy season;vegetation restoration not only reduced the loss of surface water and soil fine particles,but also enhanced the infiltration of precipitation.These two effects made the soil moisture content increase throughout the profile.

Effects of Different Water Stresses on Eco-physiological Characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides Seedlings

In order to examine the effects of the decrease of future precipitation on the eco-physiological characteristics of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.) in Huangfuchuan Watershed in Nei Mongol, a water gradient experiment was conducted based on the four specially designed water supply levels, including normal precipitation, slight drought, drought and extreme drought. Results of ANOVE showed that different water gradients had a significant effect on (1) microhabitat factors, such as soil water content and soil temperature; (2) gas exchange, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate; (3) resource use efficiency; and (4) leaf water potential. Water use efficiency of H rhamnoides could increase under moderate water stress, i.e. drought condition, while its net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate decreased. All kinds of eco-physiological characteristics proved H. rhamnoides seedlings under all water supplies were affected by water stress more or less and that mechanism of intrinsic physiological regulation in seedlings under the extreme drought conditions had the appearance of turbulence to a certain extent. Therefore, H rhamnoides seedlings in Huangfuchuan Watershed could not acclimate to extreme drought conditions.

Concentration variations of several ions in stream after a wildfire

In May 2006, a high intensity wildfire occurred in Songling forest region in Daxing＇an Mountains, China. The concentration changes of eight ions （K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Cl^-, Br^-, NO3^- and SO4^2-） were measured in burned and tmbumed streams after fire from May to Oct., 2006. Results show that the most ions flux were higher in burned stream than that in unburned stream during the sampling period, and the greatest concentrations of most ions transported from burned stream occurred in July. After fire, the most amplitude chemical ion was Ca^2＋, whose average concentration was 5.50 mg·L^-1 higher than that in unburned stream, and the total concentration of every chemical ion presents a trend Ca^2＋〉SO4^2- 〉Na^＋〉Mg^2＋〉NO3^- . The average concentrations of Ca^2＋, SO4^2- , Na^＋＇Mg^2＋,NO3^- showed an increase trend, but those of K^＋, Cl^- , Br had a decreased trend. SO4^2- had the largest loss among these anions, followed by NO3^-. Overall, the increase degree of cation was greater than that of anion after burning.

苏轼“杨花词”浅析

似花还似非花,也无人惜从教坠。抛家傍路,思量却是,无情有思。萦损柔肠,困酣娇眼,欲开还闭。梦随风万里,寻郎去处,又还被、莺呼起。不恨此花飞尽,恨西园、落红难缀。晓来雨过,遗踪何在,一池萍碎。春色三分,二分尘土,一分流水。细看来,不是杨花,点点是、离人泪。

A Modified Groundwater Module in SWAT for Improved Streamflow Simulation in a Large, Arid Endorheic River Watershed in Northwest China

Interactions between surface water and groundwater are dynamic and complex in large endorheic river watersheds in Northwest China due to the influence of both irrigation practices and the local terrain. These interactions interchange numerous times throughout the middle reaches, making streamflow simulation a challenge in endorheic river watersheds. In this study, we modified the linear-reservoir groundwater module in SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools, a widely used hydrological model) with a new nonlinear relationship to better represent groundwater processes; we then applied the original SWAT and modified SWAT to the Heihe River Watershed, the second largest endorheic river watershed in Northwest China, to simulate streamflow. After calibrating both the original SWAT model and the modified SWAT model, we analyzed model performance during two periods: an irrigation period and a non-irrigation period. Our results show that the modified SWAT model with the nonlinear groundwater module performed significantly better during both the irrigation and non-irrigation periods. Moreover, after comparing different runoff components simulated by the two models, the results show that, after the implementation of the new nonlinear groundwater module in SWAT, proportions of runoff components changed-and the groundwater flow had significantly increased, dominating the discharge season. Therefore, SWAT coupled with the non-linear groundwater module represents the complex hydrological process in the study area more realistically. Moreover, the results for various runoff components simulated by the modified SWAT models can be used to describe the hydrological characteristics of lowland areas. This indicates that the modified SWAT model is applicable to simulate complex hydrological process of arid endorheic rivers.

A numerical study on water diversion ratio of the Changjiang(Yangtze)estuary in dry season

We studied the flood, ebb and tidal averaged along (net) water diversion ratio (WDR) during dry season in the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary, China, along with the effects of northerly wind, river discharge, tide and their interactions on WDR using the improved version of three-dimensional numerical model ECOM. Using data for annual mean wind speed and river discharge during January, we determined that the flood, ebb, net WDR values in the North Branch of the estuary were 3.48%, 1.68%,-4.06% during spring tide, and 4.82%, 2.34%,-2.79% during neap tide, respectively. Negative net WDR values denote the transport of water from the North Branch into the South Branch. Using the same data, the corresponding ratios were 50.09%, 50.92%, 54.97%, and 52.33%, 50.15%, 43.86% in the North Channel and 38.56%, 44.78%, 103.96%, and 36.92%, 43.17%, 60.97% in the North Passage, respectively. When northerly wind speed increased, landward Ekman transport was enhanced in the North Branch, increasing the flood WDR, while the ebb WDR declined and the net WDR exhibited a significant decrease. Similarly, in the North Channel, the flood WDR is increased, the ebb WDR reduced, and the net WDR showed a marked decrease. In the North Passage, the flood WDR also increased while the ebb and net WDR declined. As the river discharge increased, the flood and ebb WDR of the North Branch increased slightly and the net WDR increased markedly. In the North Channel the flood and ebb WDR changed very slightly, while the net WDR declined during spring tides and increased during neap tides. The WDR in the North Passage changed slightly during flood and ebb tides while the net WDR showed a marked increase. The WDR values of different bifurcations and the responses to northerly wind, river discharge, and tide are discussed in comparison with variations in river topography, horizontal wind-induced circulation, and tidal-induced residual current.