淡紫拟青霉M-1固体发酵工艺优化及基于自动化种曲机的中试生产

淡紫拟青霉Paecilomyceslilacinus在线虫生物防治上表现出巨大的潜力,但大规模生产技术的不成熟以及产品货架期短限制其工业化生产。为获得淡紫拟青霉M-1固体发酵的最佳条件,并建立其规模化生产工艺,本研究采用单因素和正交试验对淡紫拟青霉M-1固体发酵培养的组成、发酵条件以及烘干条件进行了优化,结果表明淡紫拟青霉M-1固体发酵最佳的培养基组成为麸皮:玉米粉为1:1、蔗糖添加量5%、尿素添加量0.1%、硫酸铵添加量0.1%、料水比1:0.67,固体发酵最佳的培养条件为培养温度28℃、培养时间为7 d、液体接种量为5%、固体接种量为0.5%,固体菌剂最适烘干条件为在35℃烘干24h,在此条件下淡紫拟青霉M-1固体菌剂的有效活菌数为9.47×10^9CFU/g。在此基础上,基于自动化种曲机,建立淡紫拟青霉M-1规模化固体发酵工艺,并通过3个批次规模化生产进行验证,获得将近2 t淡紫拟青霉M-1固体菌剂产品,菌剂有效活菌数能达到15.6×10^9 CFU/g,杂菌率极低(<0.01%),水分含量为9.68%。由此说明,该工艺可用于淡紫拟青霉M-1工业化生产,且产品质量优异。

诺尔斯链霉菌固态发酵条件的优化研究

为了在诺尔斯链霉菌固体发酵生产过程中提高诺尔斯链霉菌分生孢子产量,选择不同的发酵原料并确定培养基的优化配比,优化固体发酵控制条件。结果表明,固体发酵过程中,玉米粉作用显著,可显著提高固体发酵诺尔斯链霉菌的分生孢子数,达到7.8×109 CFU/g。诺尔斯链霉菌的最优培养基为:豆饼粉6.28%、麸皮10.15%、硫酸铵0.2%、磷酸氢二钾0.1%,载体为玉米粉,原料含水量35%,发酵温度为30℃,发酵培养时间为9 d,可用于生产实践。

Comparative Studies on the Changes of Microtubule Distribution and Reorganization During the Meiotic Stages of Development in Normal (IR36) and a Temperature/photoperiod Sensitive Male Sterile Line (Peiai 64S) of Rice ( Oryza sativa )

Changes in the pattern of organization of microtubules in the meiotic stages of development of pollen (i.e. from pre-meiotic interphase to more or less metaphase I) of a normal (IR36) and a temperature/photoperiod sensitive male sterile line (Peiai 64S) of rice were studied using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In IR36, from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I, the pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes underwent a series of changes. Some new organizational patterns of microtubules (that have not been described before) were observed during microsporogenesis, including the existence of a broad band of perinuclear microtubules at the diakinesis stage of development. The pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes of the male sterile line, Peiai 64S, was quite different front that seen in IR36. In Peiai 64S, the microtubules showed abnormal patterns of distribution from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I. For example the broad band of perinuclear microtubules seen at diakinesis in IR36 was much disorganized and loosened in Peiai 64S. The spindles formed were also very abnormal and different from the normal spindle. The appearance of abnormal microtubule distribution in the early stages of microsporogenesis may contribute to the malformation and ultimate abortion of pollen in Peiai 64S.

NEW OBSERVATIONS ON THE MEIOTIC PROCESS IN THE MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE NOCTILUCA SCINTILLANS (NOCTILUCALES, DINOPHYCEAE)

The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope. Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated "zoospores" and the changes of the zoospores are described in this paper. Together with the findings of field samplings and the previous results by other researchers, the process of meiosis in N. scintillans was supposed to be a pathway to reduce the extra high density of NH 3-N within the cell in order to ensure normal population growth.

淡紫拟青霉固态发酵工艺优化

[目的]在淡紫拟青霉固体发酵生产过程中,提高淡紫拟青霉分生孢子产量。[方法]通过研究筛选发酵原料和优化固体发酵培养基,控制发酵工艺条件等方法,提高了固体发酵淡紫拟青霉的分生孢子产量。[结果]通过研究固体发酵过程,得出玉米粉作用显著,能显著提高固体发酵淡紫拟青霉的分生孢子数,可达到1.31×1010CFU/g。[结论]该淡紫拟青霉的最优培养基为:麸皮72.5%、玉米粉15%、豆饼粉10%、稻壳2%、硫酸铵0.5%。生产工艺为原料与水的比例为1:0.6,发酵温度为26℃,发酵培养时间为8d。

淡紫拟青霉固体发酵条件初步研究

淡紫拟青霉是一种具有防治植物线虫作用的生防菌株。为了获得淡紫拟青霉固体发酵的最佳条件,采用单因素实验和正交实验对淡紫拟青霉固体发酵的培养基组成及培养条件进行摸索。淡紫拟青霉固体发酵的最佳培养基组成为麸皮和玉米粉4:1、料水比1:0.6、氯化锰含量为0.6%、初始pH值为6.0,固体发酵最佳的培养条件为接种量6%,培养温度25℃,培养时间为9 d,在此条件下淡紫拟青霉固体发酵的分生孢子数为13.5×10~9 CFU/g。