边际电价预测的时段分离组成法

本文在分析边际电价影响因素上 ,认为其是一种与时段有关的时间序列过程。文中提出的时段分离组成法可以对该时间序列的长期趋势与随机影响项进行分别预测 ,再进行叠加。该方法符合边际电价变化特点 ,在应用上是可行的。

姬松茸菌丝活性肽的分离及其组成的初步研究

采用两次葡聚糖凝胶色谱法从姬松茸菌丝体中提取的肽类物质,初步分离获得肽,继而分析了肽的氨基酸组成和分子量。结果表明,姬松茸菌丝体中的活性肽含有丰富的氨基酸,是一种具有高F值(22.5)的寡肽,其分子量在1500～30000U之间。

柱色层族组成分离方法对黄芪化学成分的研究

采用柱色层族组成分离方法和气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术分离和鉴定,研究分析了甘肃岷县黄芪的化学成分,从中分析鉴定出9个系列276种有机化合物,即:烷烃类、类异戊二烯、萜类、霍烷、甾类、多酚类、脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸和芳香酸、甾烯酮类.已鉴定的成分占总提取物的62.130%,其中正己烷馏分为1.816%、芳烃馏分为15.690%、二氯甲烷馏分为3.500%、甲醇馏分为41.120%.其研究结果为系统了解黄芪的化学成分和黄芪指纹图谱的建立提供了有意义的信息,也为中草药化学成分的系统分析研究提供一种简便易行的方法.

柱色层族组成分离方法对黄芪中脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯的研究

黄采用柱色层族组成分离方法和气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术分离和鉴定.从甘肃岷县黄芪中分析鉴定出48种脂肪酸酯、29种脂肪酸、5种芳香酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占全部脂肪酸的55.50%,亚油酸的含量达41.33%,亚麻酸含量为10.59%,为岷县黄芪的进一步开发应用提供了基础数据.

稠油催化裂解前后咔唑类化合物的变化及其催化降黏机理的研究

在稠油族组成分离中,采用低毒试剂正己烷、二氯甲烷、无水乙醇及其混合溶剂,将反应前后已除去沥青质的稠油分离为饱和烃、芳烃和含氮化合物。优化并确立了各步分离条件,用GC-MS对各组分进行检测,了解水热催化裂解降黏前后各组分的变化,剖析了胶质中咔唑类化合物的变化。并结合1HNMR、元素分析等分析手段,证明稠油经水热催化裂解反应后,重质组分中的含氮组分发生了变化,生成了部分咔唑类化合物,同时,重质组分的组成和结构也发生了一定程度的改变,其超分子结构在一定程度上遭到破坏,生成二环、三环低环数芳烃和小分子量直链烃。这些变化使得稠油黏度降低。

Properties of Bio-oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Rice Husk

Physicochemical properties of bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of rice husk were studied in the present work.Molecular distillation was used to separate the crude bio-oil into three fractions viz.light fraction,middle fraction and heavy fraction.Their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer（GC-MS）.The thermal behavior,including evaporation and decomposition,was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer（TG-FTIR）.The product distribution was significantly affected by contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.The bio-oil yield was 46.36%（by mass） and the yield of gaseous products was 27%（by mass）.The chemicals in the bio-oil included acids,aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,phenols,sugars,etc.The light fraction was mainly composed of acids and compounds with lower boiling point temperature,the middle and heavy fractions were consisted of phenols and levoglucosan.The thermal stability of the bio-oil was determined by the interactions and intersolubility of compounds.It was found that the thermal stability of bio-oil was better than the light fraction,but worse than the middle and heavy fractions.

Characterization and processing of talc-magnesite from the Zinelbulak deposit

The characteristics of talc-magnesite from the Zinelbulak deposit(Uzbekistan) were investigated via X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis,infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy.The mineralogical composition of the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite consists of 52 wt.%talc,43 wt.%carbonates and 5 wt.%of the iron-containing minerals magnetite,siderite and chlorite.Petrographic analysis confirmed the presence of carbonates in two forms:magnesite and breunnerite.Grindability tests revealed that talc and magnesite particles are completely separated after a grinding process carried out for 10～12 min.The distribution of the yield of talc and magnesite,as a function of the particle size,shows an irregular feature in that a comparatively coarser sample(>0.1 mm) is richer in magnesite and poor in talc while a comparatively finer sample(<0.1 mm) has a composition poorer in magnesite.The dressability of the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite was tested using conventional gravity concentration,flotation and electromagnetic separation.Gravity concentration was found to be the most economic initial process for the complete separation of magnesium carbonate and talc.Subsequent flotation and magnetic separation techniques could further increase the yield of high quality magnesite and talc.Refractory samples prepared by heating the separated magnesite at 1600℃for 2 h met the State Standards for refractory materials.

A review of state-of-the-art processing operations in coal preparation

Coal preparation is an integral part of the coal commodity supply chain. This stage of post-mining, pre-utilization beneficiation uses low-cost separation technologies to remove unwanted mineral matter and moisture which hinder the value of the coal product. Coal preparation plants typically employ several parallel circuits of cleaning and dewatering operations, with each circuit designed to optimally treat a specific size range of coal. Recent innovations in coal preparation have increased the efficiency and capac- ity of individual unit operations while reinforcing the standard parallel cleaning approach. This article, which describes the historical influences and state-of-the-art design for the various coal preparation unit operations, is organized to distinguish between coarse/intermediate coal cleaning and fine/ultrafine coal cleaning. Size reduction, screening, classification, cleaning, dewatering, waste disposal unit operations are particularly highlighted, with a special focus on the LI.S. design philosophy. Notable differences between the U.S. and international operations are described as appropriate.

The St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Objective To examine the correlation between the health-related quality of life measured by the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ) and the commonly used physiological measures in lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM).Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the SGRQ scores and other measures(the Borg scale of breathlessness at rest,6-minute walking distance,blood oxygen levels,and pulmonary function) of patients diagnosed and confirmed with LAM.Altogether 38 patients between June 2007 and November 2009 were included.Results The mean values of the SGRQ three components(symptoms,activity,and impacts) and total scores in the LAM patients were 46.95±28.90,58.47±25.41,47.89±29.66,and 51.11±26.35,respectively.The SGRQ total or component scores were correlated well with the Borg scale of breathlessness,6-minute walking distance,partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood,spirometry and diffusion capacity of lung.There were poor correlations between SGRQ score and residual volume or total lung capacity.In our preliminary observation,sirolimus improved the SGRQ total and three component scores and the Borg scale of breathlessness significantly after 101-200 days of treatment(n=6).Conclusions The SGRQ score in LAM is correlated well with physiological measures(Borg scale of breathlessness,6-minute walking distance,blood oxygen levels,and pulmonary function tests).The SGRQ could therefore be recommended in baseline and follow-up evaluation of patients with LAM.Treatment with sirolimus,an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin,may improve the quality of life and patient's perception of breathlessness in LAM.

Isolation and Characterization of Collagen from Squid(Ommastrephes bartrami) Skin

Collagen of squid （Ommastrephes bartrami） skin was examined in the present study. Histology showed that collagen fiber in the skin was partially cross-linked with muscle fiber. Acid-solubilized collagen （ASC） and pepsin-solubilized collagen （PSC） were extracted from the skin and characterized. The results of amino acid composition and electrophoretic patterns revealed that ASC and PSC were both type 1 collagen, containing α1 and α2 chains. FTIR （fourier transform infrared spectroscopy） investigations confirmed the existence of helical arrangements in PSC of squid skin. The denaturation temperature （Td） and shrinkage temperature （T5） of PSC were 29.4℃ and 52.8℃, respectively.

The potassium storage performance of carbon nanosheets derived from heavy oils

As by-products of petroleum refining,heavy oils are characterized by a high carbon content,low cost and great variability,making them competitive precursors for the anodes of potassium ion batteries(PIBs).However,the relationship between heavy oil composition and potassium storage performance remains unclear.Using heavy oils containing distinct chemical groups as the carbon source,namely fluid catalytic cracking slurry(FCCS),petroleum asphalt(PA)and deoiled asphalt(DOA),three carbon nanosheets(CNS)were prepared through a molten salt method,and used as the anodes for PIBs.The composition of the heavy oil determines the lamellar thicknesses,sp^(3)-C/sp^(2)-C ratio and defect concentration,thereby affecting the potassium storage performance.The high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and moderate amount of heavy component moieties in FCCS produce carbon nanosheets(CNS-FCCS)that have a smaller layer thickness,larger interlayer spacing(0.372 nm),and increased number of folds than in CNS derived from the other three precursors.These features give it faster charge/ion transfer,more potassium storage sites and better reaction kinetics.CNS-FCCS has a remarkable K^(+)storage capacity(248.7 mAh g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)),long cycle lifespan(190.8 mAh g^(-1) after 800 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1))and excellent rate capability,ranking it among the best materials for this application.This work sheds light on the influence of heavy oil composition on carbon structure and electrochemical performance,and provides guidance for the design and development of advanced heavy oil-derived carbon electrodes for PIBs.

A New Dynamic Model for a Flexible Hub-Beam System

In this paper,a new dynamic model for the flexible hub-beam system is proposed by using the principle of continuum medium mechanics and the finite element discretization method.In the proposed model,the coupling deformation of any element of the beam is only related with the nodal coordinates of this element.So this model is suitable to the rotating beam in an arbitrary shape.Numerical examples of slender beams in straight and irregular shapes are carried out to demonstrate the validation of the proposed model.Simulation results indicate that the proposed model can be used valid for dynamic description of flexible rotating beam in irregular shape, and for both low and high rotation speeds.