Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological factors that affect therecurrence of the meningioma patient so as to effectively prevent and cure recurrence of meningiomapatients more earlier. Methods: The clinic...Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological factors that affect therecurrence of the meningioma patient so as to effectively prevent and cure recurrence of meningiomapatients more earlier. Methods: The clinical features and radiological aspects in 145 cases ofmeningiomas undergoing operation during 1993-1997 were retrospectively studied. The data of only 83cases of all 145 cases were available. The factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariateanalysis. Results: With univariate analysis, 7 factors showed highly significance to recurrence ofmeningiomas: tumor size, tumor location, tumor shape, edema, extent of resection, pathologicalgrade, CT enhancement. With multivariate analysis, 4 factors showed significant danger to recurrenceof meningiomas: pathological grade, extent of resection, tumor shape and CT enhancement.Conclusion: The main factors that affect the recurrence of meningioma patients are pathologicalgrade, extent of resection, tumor shape and CT enhancement.展开更多
Cytokinin is a critical growth regulator for various aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, cytokinin signaling is mediated by a two-component system-based phosphorelay that transmits a signal from t...Cytokinin is a critical growth regulator for various aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, cytokinin signaling is mediated by a two-component system-based phosphorelay that transmits a signal from the receptors, through histidine phosphotransfer proteins, to the downstream response regulators (ARRs). Of these ARRs, type-A ARR genes, whose transcription can be rapidly induced by cytokinin, act as negative regulators of eytokinin signaling. However, because of functional redundancy, the function of type-A ARR genes in plant growth and development is not well understood by analyzing loss-of-function mutants. In this study, we performed a comparative functional study on all ten type-A ARR genes by analyzing transgenic plants overexpressing these ARR genes fused to a MYC epitope tag. Overexpression of ARR genes results in a variety of cytokinin-associated phenotypes. Notably, overexpression of different ARR transgenes causes diverse phenotypes, even between phylogenetically closely-related gene pairs, such as within the ARR3-ARR4 and ARR5-ARR6 pairs. We found that the accumulation of a subset of ARR proteins (ARR3, ARR5, ARR7, ARR16 and ARR17; possibly ARR8 and ARR15) is increased by MG132, a specific proteasomal inhibitor, indicating that stability of these proteins is regulated by proteasomal degradation. Moreover, similar to that of previously characterized ARR5, ARR6 and ARR7, stability of ARR16 and ARR17, possibly including ARR8 and ARR15, is regulated by cytokinin. These results suggest that type-A ARR proteins are regulated by a combinatorial mechanism involving both the cytokinin and proteasome pathways, thereby executing distinctive functions in plant growth and development.展开更多
AIM: To determine the prognostic value of lymphatic and/or blood vessel invasion (LBVI) in patients with stage 11 gastric cancer. METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2006, 487 patients with histologically confi...AIM: To determine the prognostic value of lymphatic and/or blood vessel invasion (LBVI) in patients with stage 11 gastric cancer. METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2006, 487 patients with histologically confirmed primary gas- tric adenocarcinoma were diagnosed with stage 11 gas- tric cancer according to the new 7th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer stage classification at the Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. All patients underwent curative gastrectomy with standard lymph node (LN) dissection. Fifty-one patients who died in the postoperative period, due to various complications or other conditions, were excluded. Clinicopathologicalfindings and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Patients were subdivided into four groups according to the status of LBVI and LN metastases. These four patient groups were characterized with regard to age, sex, tumor site, pT category, tumor grading and surgical procedure (subtotal resection vs total resection), and compared for 5-year overall survival by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The study was composed of 320 men and 116 women aged 58.9 ± 11.5 years (range: 23-88 years). The 5-year overall survival rates were 50.7% and the median survival time was 62 too. Stage Ⅱ a cancer was observed in 334 patients, including 268 T3N0, 63 T2N1, and three TIN2, and stage Ⅱb was observed in 102 patients, including 49 patients T3N1, 51 T2N2, one TIN3, and one T4aN0. The incidence of LBVI was 28.0% in stage II gastric cancer with 19.0% (51/269) and 42.5% (71/167) in LN-negative and LN- positive patients, respectively. In 218 patients (50.0%), there was neither a histopathologically detectable LBVI nor LN metastases (LBVI-/LN-, group I); in 51 patients (11.7%), LBVI with no evidence of LN me- tastases was detected (LBVILN-, group 11). In 167 patients (38.3%), LN metastases were found. Among those patients, LBVI was not determined in 96 patients (22.0%) (LBVI-γLN, group Ⅲ), and was determined in 71 patients (16.3%) (LBVI+LN+, group Ⅳ). Correla- tion analysis showed that N category and the number of positive LNs were significantly associated with the presence of LBVI (P 〈 0.001). The overall 5-year sur- vival was significantly longer in LN-negative patients compared with LN-positive patients (56.1% vs 42.3%, P = 0.015). There was a significant difference in the overall 5-year survival between LBVI-positive and LBVI- negative tumors (39.6% vs 54.8%, P = 0.006). Overall 5-year survival rates in each group were 58.8% ( Ⅰ), 45.8% (Ⅱ), 45.7% (Ⅲ) and 36.9% (Ⅳ), and there was a significant difference in overall survival between the four groups (P=-0.009). Multivariate analysis in stage 11 gastric cancer patients revealed that LBVI in- dependently affected patient prognosis in LN-negativepatients (P = 0.018) but not in LN-positive patients (P = 0.508). CONCLUSION: In LN-negative stage 11 gastric cancer patients, LBVI is an additional independent prognostic markeF, and may provide useful information to identify patients with poorer prognosis.展开更多
DNA barcoding provides accurate stages. Single-gene-targeted metagenomic analysis identification of zooplankton species through all life based on DNA barcode databases can facilitate long- term monitoring of zooplankt...DNA barcoding provides accurate stages. Single-gene-targeted metagenomic analysis identification of zooplankton species through all life based on DNA barcode databases can facilitate long- term monitoring of zooplankton communities. With the help of the available zooplankton databases, the zooplankton community of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary was studied using a single-gene-targeted metagenomic method to estimate the species richness of this community. A total of 856 mitocbondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (coxl) gene sequences were determined. The environmental barcodes were clustered into 70 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Forty-two MOTUs matched barcoded marine organisms with more than 90% similarity and were assigned to either the species (similarity〉96%) or genus level (similarity〈96%). Sibling species could also be distinguished. Many species that were overlooked by morphological methods were identified by molecular methods, especially gelatinous zooplankton and merozooplankton that were likely sampled at different life history phases. Zooplankton community structures differed significantly among all of the samples. The MOTU spatial distributions were influenced by the ecological habits of the corresponding species. In conclusion, single-gene-targeted metagenomic analysis is a useful tool for zooplankton studies, with which specimens from all life history stages can be identified quickly and effectively with a comprehensive database.展开更多
Objective To investigate the independent risk factors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 885 hospitalized TBI patients from January 1, 2003 to January 1, 20...Objective To investigate the independent risk factors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 885 hospitalized TBI patients from January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong LIniversity. Sin- gle-factor and logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the association of different variables with TBI outcome. Results The single-factor analysis revealed outcome, including age (P=0.044 for the age group (P〈0.O01), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (P〈0.001), reflex (P〈0.001), shock (P〈0.001), associated (P〈0.001), cerebral contusion (P〈0.001), diffuse significant association between several variables and TB1 40-60, P〈0.00l for the age group ≥60), complications Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (P〈0.001), pupillary light extra-cranial lesions (P=0.01), subdural hematoma axonal injury (P〈0.001), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P〈0.001), suggesting the influence of those factors on the prognosis of TBI. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis identified age, GCS score, pupillary light reflex, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage as independent risk factors of TB1 prognosis. Conclusion Age, GCS score, papillary light reflex, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage may be risk factors influencing the prognosis of TBI. Paying attention to those factors might improve the outcome of TBI in clinical treatment.展开更多
Zoige Wetland is one of the largest plateau wetlands in the world. This paper provides a dynamic analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of the wetland in Zoige, Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, supported by ERDAS8....Zoige Wetland is one of the largest plateau wetlands in the world. This paper provides a dynamic analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of the wetland in Zoige, Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, supported by ERDAS8.7 and ArcGIS9.0. It is the first comparative analysis of a system of rapidly changing wetland with landscape patterns in Zoige, using 3 classified landsat Thematic Mapper images of 1977, 1994 and 2001. The classified images were used to generate wetland distributing maps, and shape index (S), diversity index (H), dominance index (D), evenness index (E), fragmentation index (F) and fractal dimension (Fd) were calculated and analyzed spatiotemporally across pure grazing area in Zoige for each landscape type and in different periods (before 1977, during 1977-1994 and 1994-2001), as well as the driving forces of natural and anthropogenic. The study shows that for a comprehensive understanding of the shapes and trajectories of the shrinking and desertificated land expansion of the wetland, a spatiotemporal landscape metrics analysis in different periods is an improvement than only with landscape changing rates. This type of analysis can also be used to infer underlying social, economic, and political processes that drive the observed wetland forms. The results indicate that wetland patterns can be changed over relatively short periods of time. The total area of lake reduced by 164.86 km^2, grassland extended by 141.74 km^2, semi-marsh extended by 105.94 km^2, marsh reduced by 86.00 km^2 the number of landscape patches reduced by 56, and their average area decreased by 2.68 km^2, the successions within lake, marsh, semi-marsh and grassland were found obviously. S decreased stepwise: D and F increased but H decreased: The changing rate after 1994 was 2.3 to 2.9 times greater than that before. The change of the wetland landscape patterns resulted in the interaction between socio-ceenomic and natural forces of positive and negative aspects; and natural factors affected as assistant aspect. Some important human activities in this period led to the change of the landscape patterns in this region directly. Some measurements made by government and NGO delayed the converting process partly.展开更多
In the present age, entrepreneurship at the organizational level and entrepreneurial orientation at the individual level can be considered as competitive advantage in a new age. This study examines the affecting facto...In the present age, entrepreneurship at the organizational level and entrepreneurial orientation at the individual level can be considered as competitive advantage in a new age. This study examines the affecting factors on entrepreneurial orientation in a sample of 248 employees in the industry. This article considered employees' entrepreneurial orientation as an dependent variable and emotional and organizational intelligences, as independent variables, which may be effected on entrepreneurial orientation. The results of data analysis by LISREL show that employees' willingness to act entrepreneurially increases when they have high emotional and organizational intelligences.展开更多
With the continuous development of Internet technology, the network has become an important part of people's lives, the emergence of virtual communities is promoting the deep interaction oflntemet users, but it is fo...With the continuous development of Internet technology, the network has become an important part of people's lives, the emergence of virtual communities is promoting the deep interaction oflntemet users, but it is found that the virtual community "diving party" is more and more through investigation and literature research, The quantity and quality of knowledge sharing are declining. Therefore, this paper summarizes the behavior and influencing factors of knowledge sharing in virtual community through literature research and investigation and research. At the same time, through the research of incentive theory, the author has obtained the incentive method and content of knowledge sharing, and established the incentive mechanism. The bright spot is to perfect the theory of knowledge sharing while transforming theory into practice, and to provide suggestions for the development of incentive mechanism of virtual community.展开更多
Comparison of non-unitary and generalized unitary scattering theories is done by means of nuclear monodromy (equivalence of Schrodinger and Maxwell time-independent equations), tunneling and radioactivity. Radioacti...Comparison of non-unitary and generalized unitary scattering theories is done by means of nuclear monodromy (equivalence of Schrodinger and Maxwell time-independent equations), tunneling and radioactivity. Radioactivity is important part of physics and our life. Its importance stretches from medicine as far as to war strategies. We present theoretical approach to achieve better understanding of the radioactive decay when modified quantum theory is applied. It can be done by updating existing codes to understand better construction of the world and terms and conditions of our existence. The theory modifications are strictly connected with the unimodular M matrix and Wronskian matrices (i.e. their determinants named Wronskians) which create underpinning of so called monodromy being two track wave-function evolution.展开更多
Silver-Russell Syndrome(SRS) is clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth restriction, and variable dysmorphic features. Current evidence strongly implicates imprinted genes...Silver-Russell Syndrome(SRS) is clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth restriction, and variable dysmorphic features. Current evidence strongly implicates imprinted genes as an important etiology of SRS. Although almost half of the patients showed DNA hypomethylation at the H19/IGF2 imprinted domain, and approximately7%–10% of SRS patients have maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7(UPD(7) mat); the rest of the SRS patients shows unknown etiology. In this study, we investigate whether there are further DNA methylation defects in SRS patients. We measured DNA methylation in seven SRS patients and five controls at more than 485,000 CpG sites using DNA methylation microarrays. We analyzed methylation changes genome-wide and identified the differentially methylated regions(DMRs) using bisulfite sequencing and digital PCR. Our analysis identifies epimutations at the previously characterized domains of H19/IGF2,providing proof of principle that our methodology can detect the changes in DNA methylation at imprinted loci. In addition,our results showed a novel SRS associated imprinted gene OSBPL5 located on chromosome 11p14 with the probe cg25963939,which is hypomethylated in 4/7 patients(P=0.023, β=.0.243). We also report DMRs in other genes including TGFβ3, HSF1,GAP43, NOTCH4 and MYH14. These DMRs were found to be associated with SRS using GO pathway analysis. In this study,we identified the probe cg25963939, located at the 5′UTR of imprinted gene OSBPL5, as a novel DMR that is associated with SRS. This finding provides new insights into the mechanism of SRS etiology and aid the further stratification of SRS patients by molecular phenotypes.展开更多
To understand complex state behavior, a detailed study of strategic behavior is needed. To get rid of what is out-of-date and take in fresh perspectives, we need to eliminate the current methodological bottleneck and ...To understand complex state behavior, a detailed study of strategic behavior is needed. To get rid of what is out-of-date and take in fresh perspectives, we need to eliminate the current methodological bottleneck and take full advantage of multivariate research methods to explore the complex interactions among variables and develop a basic analytical framework. First, strategic behavior should be divided into four stages, i.e., strategic assessment, strategic decision-making, strategic mobilization and strategic implementation, then the factors affecting each stage should be clarified and their interactions grasped. A preliminary framework for understanding state strategic behavior will help to promote the in-depth development of this field of research.展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological factors that affect therecurrence of the meningioma patient so as to effectively prevent and cure recurrence of meningiomapatients more earlier. Methods: The clinical features and radiological aspects in 145 cases ofmeningiomas undergoing operation during 1993-1997 were retrospectively studied. The data of only 83cases of all 145 cases were available. The factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariateanalysis. Results: With univariate analysis, 7 factors showed highly significance to recurrence ofmeningiomas: tumor size, tumor location, tumor shape, edema, extent of resection, pathologicalgrade, CT enhancement. With multivariate analysis, 4 factors showed significant danger to recurrenceof meningiomas: pathological grade, extent of resection, tumor shape and CT enhancement.Conclusion: The main factors that affect the recurrence of meningioma patients are pathologicalgrade, extent of resection, tumor shape and CT enhancement.
文摘Cytokinin is a critical growth regulator for various aspects of plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, cytokinin signaling is mediated by a two-component system-based phosphorelay that transmits a signal from the receptors, through histidine phosphotransfer proteins, to the downstream response regulators (ARRs). Of these ARRs, type-A ARR genes, whose transcription can be rapidly induced by cytokinin, act as negative regulators of eytokinin signaling. However, because of functional redundancy, the function of type-A ARR genes in plant growth and development is not well understood by analyzing loss-of-function mutants. In this study, we performed a comparative functional study on all ten type-A ARR genes by analyzing transgenic plants overexpressing these ARR genes fused to a MYC epitope tag. Overexpression of ARR genes results in a variety of cytokinin-associated phenotypes. Notably, overexpression of different ARR transgenes causes diverse phenotypes, even between phylogenetically closely-related gene pairs, such as within the ARR3-ARR4 and ARR5-ARR6 pairs. We found that the accumulation of a subset of ARR proteins (ARR3, ARR5, ARR7, ARR16 and ARR17; possibly ARR8 and ARR15) is increased by MG132, a specific proteasomal inhibitor, indicating that stability of these proteins is regulated by proteasomal degradation. Moreover, similar to that of previously characterized ARR5, ARR6 and ARR7, stability of ARR16 and ARR17, possibly including ARR8 and ARR15, is regulated by cytokinin. These results suggest that type-A ARR proteins are regulated by a combinatorial mechanism involving both the cytokinin and proteasome pathways, thereby executing distinctive functions in plant growth and development.
文摘AIM: To determine the prognostic value of lymphatic and/or blood vessel invasion (LBVI) in patients with stage 11 gastric cancer. METHODS: From January 2001 to December 2006, 487 patients with histologically confirmed primary gas- tric adenocarcinoma were diagnosed with stage 11 gas- tric cancer according to the new 7th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer stage classification at the Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. All patients underwent curative gastrectomy with standard lymph node (LN) dissection. Fifty-one patients who died in the postoperative period, due to various complications or other conditions, were excluded. Clinicopathologicalfindings and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Patients were subdivided into four groups according to the status of LBVI and LN metastases. These four patient groups were characterized with regard to age, sex, tumor site, pT category, tumor grading and surgical procedure (subtotal resection vs total resection), and compared for 5-year overall survival by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The study was composed of 320 men and 116 women aged 58.9 ± 11.5 years (range: 23-88 years). The 5-year overall survival rates were 50.7% and the median survival time was 62 too. Stage Ⅱ a cancer was observed in 334 patients, including 268 T3N0, 63 T2N1, and three TIN2, and stage Ⅱb was observed in 102 patients, including 49 patients T3N1, 51 T2N2, one TIN3, and one T4aN0. The incidence of LBVI was 28.0% in stage II gastric cancer with 19.0% (51/269) and 42.5% (71/167) in LN-negative and LN- positive patients, respectively. In 218 patients (50.0%), there was neither a histopathologically detectable LBVI nor LN metastases (LBVI-/LN-, group I); in 51 patients (11.7%), LBVI with no evidence of LN me- tastases was detected (LBVILN-, group 11). In 167 patients (38.3%), LN metastases were found. Among those patients, LBVI was not determined in 96 patients (22.0%) (LBVI-γLN, group Ⅲ), and was determined in 71 patients (16.3%) (LBVI+LN+, group Ⅳ). Correla- tion analysis showed that N category and the number of positive LNs were significantly associated with the presence of LBVI (P 〈 0.001). The overall 5-year sur- vival was significantly longer in LN-negative patients compared with LN-positive patients (56.1% vs 42.3%, P = 0.015). There was a significant difference in the overall 5-year survival between LBVI-positive and LBVI- negative tumors (39.6% vs 54.8%, P = 0.006). Overall 5-year survival rates in each group were 58.8% ( Ⅰ), 45.8% (Ⅱ), 45.7% (Ⅲ) and 36.9% (Ⅳ), and there was a significant difference in overall survival between the four groups (P=-0.009). Multivariate analysis in stage 11 gastric cancer patients revealed that LBVI in- dependently affected patient prognosis in LN-negativepatients (P = 0.018) but not in LN-positive patients (P = 0.508). CONCLUSION: In LN-negative stage 11 gastric cancer patients, LBVI is an additional independent prognostic markeF, and may provide useful information to identify patients with poorer prognosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41230963)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB403604)+2 种基金the"135"Fund of Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2012I0060102)the Innovative Research Group Funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41121064)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020305)
文摘DNA barcoding provides accurate stages. Single-gene-targeted metagenomic analysis identification of zooplankton species through all life based on DNA barcode databases can facilitate long- term monitoring of zooplankton communities. With the help of the available zooplankton databases, the zooplankton community of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary was studied using a single-gene-targeted metagenomic method to estimate the species richness of this community. A total of 856 mitocbondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (coxl) gene sequences were determined. The environmental barcodes were clustered into 70 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Forty-two MOTUs matched barcoded marine organisms with more than 90% similarity and were assigned to either the species (similarity〉96%) or genus level (similarity〈96%). Sibling species could also be distinguished. Many species that were overlooked by morphological methods were identified by molecular methods, especially gelatinous zooplankton and merozooplankton that were likely sampled at different life history phases. Zooplankton community structures differed significantly among all of the samples. The MOTU spatial distributions were influenced by the ecological habits of the corresponding species. In conclusion, single-gene-targeted metagenomic analysis is a useful tool for zooplankton studies, with which specimens from all life history stages can be identified quickly and effectively with a comprehensive database.
文摘Objective To investigate the independent risk factors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 885 hospitalized TBI patients from January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong LIniversity. Sin- gle-factor and logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the association of different variables with TBI outcome. Results The single-factor analysis revealed outcome, including age (P=0.044 for the age group (P〈0.O01), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (P〈0.001), reflex (P〈0.001), shock (P〈0.001), associated (P〈0.001), cerebral contusion (P〈0.001), diffuse significant association between several variables and TB1 40-60, P〈0.00l for the age group ≥60), complications Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (P〈0.001), pupillary light extra-cranial lesions (P=0.01), subdural hematoma axonal injury (P〈0.001), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P〈0.001), suggesting the influence of those factors on the prognosis of TBI. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis identified age, GCS score, pupillary light reflex, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage as independent risk factors of TB1 prognosis. Conclusion Age, GCS score, papillary light reflex, subdural hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage may be risk factors influencing the prognosis of TBI. Paying attention to those factors might improve the outcome of TBI in clinical treatment.
基金supported by China Scholarship, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCXI-07, KSCX2-01-09)the Ministry of Science & Technology of China (2004BA606A-05)Sichuan provincial training foundation for Science & Technology leader ,Sichuan youth foundation.
文摘Zoige Wetland is one of the largest plateau wetlands in the world. This paper provides a dynamic analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of the wetland in Zoige, Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, supported by ERDAS8.7 and ArcGIS9.0. It is the first comparative analysis of a system of rapidly changing wetland with landscape patterns in Zoige, using 3 classified landsat Thematic Mapper images of 1977, 1994 and 2001. The classified images were used to generate wetland distributing maps, and shape index (S), diversity index (H), dominance index (D), evenness index (E), fragmentation index (F) and fractal dimension (Fd) were calculated and analyzed spatiotemporally across pure grazing area in Zoige for each landscape type and in different periods (before 1977, during 1977-1994 and 1994-2001), as well as the driving forces of natural and anthropogenic. The study shows that for a comprehensive understanding of the shapes and trajectories of the shrinking and desertificated land expansion of the wetland, a spatiotemporal landscape metrics analysis in different periods is an improvement than only with landscape changing rates. This type of analysis can also be used to infer underlying social, economic, and political processes that drive the observed wetland forms. The results indicate that wetland patterns can be changed over relatively short periods of time. The total area of lake reduced by 164.86 km^2, grassland extended by 141.74 km^2, semi-marsh extended by 105.94 km^2, marsh reduced by 86.00 km^2 the number of landscape patches reduced by 56, and their average area decreased by 2.68 km^2, the successions within lake, marsh, semi-marsh and grassland were found obviously. S decreased stepwise: D and F increased but H decreased: The changing rate after 1994 was 2.3 to 2.9 times greater than that before. The change of the wetland landscape patterns resulted in the interaction between socio-ceenomic and natural forces of positive and negative aspects; and natural factors affected as assistant aspect. Some important human activities in this period led to the change of the landscape patterns in this region directly. Some measurements made by government and NGO delayed the converting process partly.
文摘In the present age, entrepreneurship at the organizational level and entrepreneurial orientation at the individual level can be considered as competitive advantage in a new age. This study examines the affecting factors on entrepreneurial orientation in a sample of 248 employees in the industry. This article considered employees' entrepreneurial orientation as an dependent variable and emotional and organizational intelligences, as independent variables, which may be effected on entrepreneurial orientation. The results of data analysis by LISREL show that employees' willingness to act entrepreneurially increases when they have high emotional and organizational intelligences.
文摘With the continuous development of Internet technology, the network has become an important part of people's lives, the emergence of virtual communities is promoting the deep interaction oflntemet users, but it is found that the virtual community "diving party" is more and more through investigation and literature research, The quantity and quality of knowledge sharing are declining. Therefore, this paper summarizes the behavior and influencing factors of knowledge sharing in virtual community through literature research and investigation and research. At the same time, through the research of incentive theory, the author has obtained the incentive method and content of knowledge sharing, and established the incentive mechanism. The bright spot is to perfect the theory of knowledge sharing while transforming theory into practice, and to provide suggestions for the development of incentive mechanism of virtual community.
文摘Comparison of non-unitary and generalized unitary scattering theories is done by means of nuclear monodromy (equivalence of Schrodinger and Maxwell time-independent equations), tunneling and radioactivity. Radioactivity is important part of physics and our life. Its importance stretches from medicine as far as to war strategies. We present theoretical approach to achieve better understanding of the radioactive decay when modified quantum theory is applied. It can be done by updating existing codes to understand better construction of the world and terms and conditions of our existence. The theory modifications are strictly connected with the unimodular M matrix and Wronskian matrices (i.e. their determinants named Wronskians) which create underpinning of so called monodromy being two track wave-function evolution.
基金supported by Nature Science Foundation of China (81670713)The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0901505)+1 种基金Basic and Clinical Medicine Cooperation Research Foundation of Capital Medical University (14JL75)Scientific Research Foundation for the Young and Middle-Aged Endocrinologists in GenSci's Department of Pediatrics
文摘Silver-Russell Syndrome(SRS) is clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth restriction, and variable dysmorphic features. Current evidence strongly implicates imprinted genes as an important etiology of SRS. Although almost half of the patients showed DNA hypomethylation at the H19/IGF2 imprinted domain, and approximately7%–10% of SRS patients have maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7(UPD(7) mat); the rest of the SRS patients shows unknown etiology. In this study, we investigate whether there are further DNA methylation defects in SRS patients. We measured DNA methylation in seven SRS patients and five controls at more than 485,000 CpG sites using DNA methylation microarrays. We analyzed methylation changes genome-wide and identified the differentially methylated regions(DMRs) using bisulfite sequencing and digital PCR. Our analysis identifies epimutations at the previously characterized domains of H19/IGF2,providing proof of principle that our methodology can detect the changes in DNA methylation at imprinted loci. In addition,our results showed a novel SRS associated imprinted gene OSBPL5 located on chromosome 11p14 with the probe cg25963939,which is hypomethylated in 4/7 patients(P=0.023, β=.0.243). We also report DMRs in other genes including TGFβ3, HSF1,GAP43, NOTCH4 and MYH14. These DMRs were found to be associated with SRS using GO pathway analysis. In this study,we identified the probe cg25963939, located at the 5′UTR of imprinted gene OSBPL5, as a novel DMR that is associated with SRS. This finding provides new insights into the mechanism of SRS etiology and aid the further stratification of SRS patients by molecular phenotypes.
基金support from the National Social Science Foundation Project "Research on the Analytical Framework and Instruments of International Strategic Studies"(No.:12BZZ053)the Ministry of Education Key Institute of the Humanities and Social Sciences(Center of American Studies,Fudan University) Major Project "Strategic Behavior in History:A Comparison between the U.S.and Other Countries"(No.:11JJD810017)
文摘To understand complex state behavior, a detailed study of strategic behavior is needed. To get rid of what is out-of-date and take in fresh perspectives, we need to eliminate the current methodological bottleneck and take full advantage of multivariate research methods to explore the complex interactions among variables and develop a basic analytical framework. First, strategic behavior should be divided into four stages, i.e., strategic assessment, strategic decision-making, strategic mobilization and strategic implementation, then the factors affecting each stage should be clarified and their interactions grasped. A preliminary framework for understanding state strategic behavior will help to promote the in-depth development of this field of research.