基于遗传算法的行为结构分组创新

针对执行系统概念设计过程前期阶段的计算机辅助实现是一个难题的现状,将遗传算法引入执行系统概念设计的行为结构分组创新。将行为集合分解为相互矛盾的行为和相容行为,相互矛盾的行为数决定基因串各段规模,相容行为数决定基因串段数,构成行为结构的基因串编码方法。基于行为分组评价规则,定量化形成目标函数并构造适应度函数,通过设定的基因操作,实现行为分组的计算机优化,达到行为结构的变型创新。算例分析表明所提出方法的有效性,有助于实现执行系统的计算机辅助概念设计。

行为结构变型与创新

从实现功能的角度分析行为 ,提出用位移、速度、加速度、角位移、角速度、角加速度等刚体运动学参数描述行为 ;根据功能描述的模糊性特点 ,在行为描述中增加作用力参数和参数模糊系数 .提出行为集合分组及其评价规则 ,给出行为结构变型方法 ,通过重复调用简单易行的分组规则和评价规则 ,将行为集合逐步分解 ,形成一系列行为结构变型 .应用实例说明 。

行为结构变型方法研究

行为在基于功能-行为-结构(FBS)的概念设计过程模型中起着承上启下的重要作用,在行为层次进行执行机构系统的创新的研究具有重要的意义。从实现功能的角度,分析行为,提出用位移、速度、加速度、角位移、角速度和角加速度等刚体运动学参数描述行为;根据功能描述的模糊性特点,提出在行为描述中增加作用力参数和参数模糊系数。在分析行为关系的基础上,提出行为集合分组规则和分组评价规则,并由此提出行为结构创新方法-行为分组法。该方法通过重复调用简单易行的分组规则和评价规则,将行为集合逐步分解,形成一系列行为结构变型,辅助创新。应用实例说明该方法进行计算机辅助实现行为结构寻优和创新的有效性。

基于行为表示矩阵的行为结构计算机推理

在基于功能-行为-结构(FBS)的机械系统概念设计中,行为结构创新的计算机化推理具有重要意义.它在很大程度上决定了执行机构的数量和执行执行机构的输出运动.为了实现行为结构创新的计算机化推理,首先要定量化行为.从计算机辅助行为结构创新的角度,提出了行为结构创新假设,建立行为在行为集合内的表示方法、行为集合分组规则、行为分组法步骤、分组最优评价规则.并给出了实例分析.

Study on the pyrolysis behavior of Shendong Shangwan coal and its macerals concentrate

The pyrolysis characteristics of Shendong Shangwan coal and its macerals concentrate were investigated using thermogravimetry （TG） coupled with mass spectrometry （MS）. The evolved gases were analyzed online by MS spectroscopy. The results of TG/DTG （derivative thermogravimetry） show ths vitrinite concentrate has greater weight loss rate and higher volatile yield than the other two samples. More light hydrocarbons C1-C5 are released from the vitfinite concentrate than from the Shendong Shangwan coal and inertinite concentrated in the process of pyrolysis. Three samples have similar shape curves of evolved gases of C2~C5 with different intensities. When the pyrolysis temperature was lower than 418℃, the amount of C6H6 evolved in the process of pyrolysis of inertinite concentrated was higher than that of raw coal and vitrinite concentrate. As the temperature rising, the production rate of C6H6 increased. Below 672℃, C6H6 evolution rate of vitrinite concentrate was far greater than the other two samples; the main evolution temperature range of C7H8 was 400℃ to 700℃ for the three samples. The amount of HE and H20 released first increased and then decreased with the temperature increase while more H2 released for pyrolysis of inertinite concentrated and more H20 released for the pyrolysis of vitrinite concentrate.

Curing and mechanical property of single-componentpolyurethane porous elastic mixture

The viscosity-time curve of a single-component polyurethane(PU)was examined to determine the mixing and compacting temperatures of its mixture and investigate the curing and mechanical properties of single-component PU porous elastic mixture(PPEM).The curing properties of the single-component PU and PPEM were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and Marshall test.The mechanical properties of PPEM were explored via the following tests:rutting test,3-point bending test,soaked Marshall stability test,freeze-thaw splitting test,and Cantabro test.The effects of a water bath on the stability of aggregate-PU/asphalt mortar-aggregate systems were evaluated through a pull-out test and a shear test.The results show that the recommended mixing temperatures of toluene diisocyanate and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate range from 75 to 80℃and from 64 to 68℃,respectively.Room temperature(25℃)can be adopted as the compacting temperature of PPEM.PPEM can be fully cured in 4 d.Nevertheless,the water sprinkle method can obviously shorten the full curing time of PPEM.PPEM exhibites good resistance to rutting,brittle cracking,and raveling.The adhesive and shear strength of aggregate-PU/asphalt mortar-aggregate systems are negatively related to water bath duration.

Microscopic dynamic simulation model for pedestrian at signalized intersection

Pedestrian's road-crossing model is the key part of micro-simulation for mixed traffic at signalized intersection.To reproduce the crossing behavior of pedestrians,the microscopic behaviors of the pedestrians passing through the crosswalk at signalized intersection were analyzed.A pedestrian's decision making model based on gap acceptance theory was proposed.Based on the field data at three typical intersections in Beijing,China,the critical gaps and lags of pedestrians were calibrated.In addition,considering pedestrian's required space,a modification of the social force model that consists of a self-deceleration mechanism prevents a simulated pedestrian from continuously pushing over other pedestrians,making the simulation more realistic.After the simple change,the modified social force model is able to reproduce the fundamental diagram of pedestrian flows for densities less than 3.5 m-2 as reported in the literature.

Sleeping of a Complex Brain Networks with Hierarchical Organization

The dynamical behavior in the cortical brain network of macaque is studied by modeling each cortical area with a subnetwork of interacting excitable neurons. We characterize the system by studying how to perform the transition, which is now topology-dependent, from the active state to that with no activity. This could be a naive model for the wakening and sleeping of a brain-like system, i.e., a multi-component system with two different dynamical behavior.

Effect of the CaF_2-fraction in the glass-ceramic with abrasion resistance on crystallization

Investigated the effect of an addition of CaF2 on the crystallization of a glass-ceramic with abrasion resistance. X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the effect. The results showed that a suitable addition of CaF2 promoted crystallization by forming an interme- diate crystalline phase. CaF2 can decrease the temperature and active energy of the base-glass for crystallization. When 4 mass-% of CaF2-fraction is added in the glass, the crystallization temperature and active energy is 936 ℃and 172.75 kJ/mol respectively. When CaF2 is increased to 6 mass-%, the temperature and active energy decrease to 890 ℃ and 88.81 kJ/mol. CaF2 is an efficient nucleating agent for the glass-ceramics with abrasion resistant, the optimal content of CaF2 is about 6 mass-%.

Methodology of the Relationship between Bioethics, Philosophy, and Law

One can distinguish three levels in the integrative unity of knowledge and norms （assessments）, which is termed bioethics. The first level is theoretical. It is connected with the facts and truths. The second level deals with establishing of certain standards and rules of conduct, with the monitoring of their implementation and the assessment of the results of implementation/violation of norms. The third level is associated with individual behavior, formed on the basis of relevant knowledge （or lack of it, as is evident from the table）, and the rules governing its application. Theoretical Bioethics is an integral part of Philosophy---the practical Bioethics is directly related to Law and applied Bioethics deals with the personal standards of specific behavior in concrete situations. Social need for regulatory control of any activity with living entities has led to rapid development of practical Bioethics, while its philosophical content developed more slowly. This creates a conflict of norms and values, hampering the adoption of individual decisions now in the field of applied Bioethics. Deontologization of Bioethics can lead to the fact that it will lose its philosophical content and become a specific area of Law. This, in turn, leads to the dehumanization of Bioethics. It is therefore necessary to conduct a methodological analysis of the relationship of Philosophy, Bioethics and Law, the results of which will focus the researchers on the synchronization of the axiological, praxeological and ethical components of scientific research in order to preserve the intellectual integrity of Bioethics.

Structural evolution of chars from biomass components pyrolysis in a xenon lamp radiation reactor

The structural evolution of the chars from pyrolysis of biomass components （cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin） in a xenon lamp radiation reactor was investigated. The elemental composition analysis showed that the C content increased at the expense of H and O contents during the chars formation. The values of AH/C/ZSO/c for the formation of cellulose and hemicellulose chars were close to 2, indicating that dehydration was the dominant reaction. Meanwhile, the value was more than 3 for lignin char formation, suggesting that the occurrence of demethoxylation was prevalent. FTIR and XRD analyses further disclosed that the cellulose pyrolysis needed to break down the stable crystal structure prior to the severe depolymerization. As for hemicellulose and lignin pyrolysis, the weak branches and linkages decomposed firstly, followed by the major decomposition. After the devolatilization at the main pyrolysis stage, the three components encountered a slow carbonization process to form condensed aromatic chars. The SEM results showed that the three components underwent different devolatilization behaviors, which induced various surface mornhologies of the chars.

第一人称视角下的社会力优化多行人跟踪

目的多行人跟踪一直是计算机视觉领域最具挑战性的任务之一,然而受相机移动、行人频繁遮挡和碰撞影响导致第一人称视频中行人跟踪存在效率和精度不高的问题。对此,本文提出一种基于社会力模型优化的第一人称视角下的多行人跟踪算法。方法采用基于目标检测的跟踪算法,将跟踪问题简化为检测到的目标匹配问题,并且在初步跟踪之后进行社会力优化,有效解决频繁遮挡和碰撞行为导致的错误跟踪问题。首先,采用特征提取策略和宽高比重新设置的单步多框检测器(single shot multi-box detector,SSD),对输入的第一人称视频序列进行检测,并基于卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)模型提取行人的表观特征,通过计算行人特征相似度获得初步的行人跟踪结果;然后,进行跟踪结果的社会力优化,一是定义行人分组行为,对每个行人跟踪目标进行分组计算,并通过添加分组标识,实现同组行人在遮挡的情况下的准确跟踪;二是通过定义的行人领域,对行人分组进行排斥计算,实现避免碰撞后的准确跟踪。结果在公用数据集ETH(eidgenssische technische hochschule)、MOT16(multi-object tracking 16)和ADL(adelaide)的6个第一人称视频序列上与其他跟踪算法进行对比实验,本文算法的运行速度达到准实时的20.8帧/s,同时相比其他准实时算法,本文算法的整体跟踪性能MOTA(multiple object tracking accuracy)提高了2.5%。结论提出的第一人称视频中社会力优化的多行人跟踪算法,既能准确地在第一人称场景中跟踪多个行人,又能较好地满足实际应用需求。

成功实施情绪认知重评策略的脑电特征

认知重评是一种重要的情绪调控策略。研究表明,即使是健康的人群也不能保证重评的成功执行,但是从行为学上观察到的重评成功或失败,其背后的神经机制却不清晰。本文招募了28名健康大学生进行认知重评的情绪调控实验,实验前完成认知心理问卷,实验过程中同步采集行为学评分和头皮脑电信号。接着,按照效价评分将受试者分为重评成功与失败两个组,然后分别分析两组人员的问卷结果,不同条件下的事件相关电位早期成分N200、P200和晚正电位(LPP),以及效价评分之差与LPP幅值之差的相关性。结果发现,无论重评成功与否,与负性观看相比,重评都诱发出更大的N200和P200成分,并且对LPP早期(刺激开始后300~1000 ms)幅值的调制作用都表现为"增加"和"减小"两种模式。进一步相关分析显示,在重评成功的受试者中,重评与负性观看的效价评分之差越大,两者的LPP早期幅值之差也越大,表现出显著正相关;而失败组中没有发现这种效应。该结果表明,重评成功与否对ERP的早期成分没有显著影响,对早期LPP的影响存在不同的模式;重评成功与失败之间的差异主要体现在LPP的早期,重评成功的受试者其早期LPP与行为学评分之间具有显著正相关性。更进一步地,小样本分析发现这种相关性仅存在于具有"LPP幅值升高"这一模式的人群中。未来可以针对这种调制模式进行深入研究,以发现更稳定的成功实施情绪调节脑电的特征。

Thermal control system of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Since its installation on the International Space Station(ISS)in mid-May 2011,the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer(AMS)has spent over two years on orbit,fully operational,collecting an enormous amount of data including the temperatures from the on-board 1118 sensors for thermal control.A large database is continuously updated and analyzed to understand the thermal behavior of the experiment in the space environment and its interaction with the ISS.This paper specifies the design,building,analysis and testing of the thermal control system and its various components for an overview of the AMS thermal control system and its space environment.Also given are some examples of analysis and correlation of the space environmental and ISS parameters with the thermal behaviors of various AMS components.

Cutting the Gordian knot： Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal

The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of communication, and is therefore a primary facet in evolutionary models of sexual selection. Research in several systems has underlined the importance of multiple sensory modalities in courtship signals. However, we still tend to think of individuals as having a relatively static signal in consecutive communicative events. While this may be true for certain traits such as body size or coloration, behaviorally modulated signals can quickly violate this assumption. In this work, we explore how intraspecific variation may be an important component of interspecific signal divergence using cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi. Behavioral analyses were made using six species of Malawian cichlids from two divergent genera. While interspecific differences were found between congeners based on species-level analyses of both acoustic and audiovisual signals, intraspecific variation was of a similar magnitude. Specifically, individual fishes were found to possess highly plastic signal repertoires. This finding was ubiquitous across all species and resuited in a great deal of overlap between heterospecific individuals, despite statistically distinct species means. These results demonstrate that some aspects of courtship in Malawian cichlids are more plastic than previously proposed, and that studies must account for signal variability within individuals. We propose here that behavioral variability in signaling is important in determining the communication landscape on which signals are perceived. We review potential complexity deriving from multimodal signaling, discuss the sources for such lability, and suggest ways in which this issue may be approached experimentally .

Synthesis and self-assembly of novel oxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine amphiphiles

Heteracalixaromatics are an emerging generation of macrocyclic host molecules in supramolecular chemistry. As a typical example of heteracalixaromatics, oxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine adopts a shape-persistent 1,3-alternate conformation and can be easily functionalized. Taking it as a platform, a series of oxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine-based amphiphiles bearing long alkyl chains were synthesized through post-macrocyclization functionalization or 3＋1 fragment coupling protocols. The self-assembly behavior of these arnphiphiles in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran （THF） and water was investigated. Dynamic light scattering （DLS） measurements revealed that the size of the self-assembled aggregates is dependent on the structure of the amphiphiles. The long alkyl chain substituents and/or interrnolecular hydrogen bonds were found to promote the self-assembly.

Understanding Strategic Behavior:A Preliminary Analytical Framework

To understand complex state behavior, a detailed study of strategic behavior is needed. To get rid of what is out-of-date and take in fresh perspectives, we need to eliminate the current methodological bottleneck and take full advantage of multivariate research methods to explore the complex interactions among variables and develop a basic analytical framework. First, strategic behavior should be divided into four stages, i.e., strategic assessment, strategic decision-making, strategic mobilization and strategic implementation, then the factors affecting each stage should be clarified and their interactions grasped. A preliminary framework for understanding state strategic behavior will help to promote the in-depth development of this field of research.

Surface analysis and electrochemical behaviour of the self-assembled polydopamine/dodecanethiol complex films in protecting 304 stainless steel

A self-assembled 1-dodecanethiol film assisted with the preferential adhesion of polydopamine was prepared on the non-etching 304 stainless steel surfaces by a simple dip-coating method.The formation and surface structure of the film were characterized by water contact angle measurement,atomic force microscopy(AFM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion behavior of the complex films was evaluated by Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The excellent corrosion resistance property could be attributed to the compact hybrid film structure and superior seawater stability for modified 304 stainless steel surface.

Negative differential resistance behaviors in OPE derivatives combined C_(60) molecular junctions modulated with side groups

By applying non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) in combination with the density functional theory (DFT), we investigate the electronic transport properties of molecular junctions constructed by OPE derivatives with different side groups combined C60 molecules. The results show that the side groups play an important role in the properties of electron transport. Negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed in such devices. Especially for the molecule with electron-donating group ( OCH3), two NDR appear at different bias voltage regions. And the mechanism is proposed for the NDR behavior, owing to the shift of the molecular orbitals caused by the change in molecule charge.