Using the Java 2 enterprise edition (J2EE), the industry standard technique, a component and web-based manufacturing execution system (MES), is presented. It is considered to be open, modularized, distributed, configu...Using the Java 2 enterprise edition (J2EE), the industry standard technique, a component and web-based manufacturing execution system (MES), is presented. It is considered to be open, modularized, distributed, configurable, interoperable and maintainable. After introducing some core techniques of J2EE as the basic foundations of the proposed MES, this paper briefly analyzes the MES domain in manufacturing systems and constructs the abstract object and component model, and then establishes the MES architecture. This MES can be facilely integrated with other manufacturing applications. Finally, an example of integration with the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is given.展开更多
This exploratory research studied the contribution of homegardens to household income generation. In Burkina Faso, the Bieha department was purposively selected. The initial rapid rural appraisal was complemented by a...This exploratory research studied the contribution of homegardens to household income generation. In Burkina Faso, the Bieha department was purposively selected. The initial rapid rural appraisal was complemented by a household survey. Tools of data collection included observation, key informant interview, and focus group discussion. For the survey, eighty households were selected based on systematic sampling. Data was collected by individual interviews at household level, and for statistical calculations, the households were subsequently categorized as small, medium and commercial based on their homegarden size. It was found that all the surveyed households managed homegardens composed of trees, crops and animals. Majority of the farmers （43%） belonged to the small category due to land constraints. Generally, farms contributed more income than the plant component of homegardens. However, when the livestock component of homegardens was added, homegardens became far more important than farms and accounted for over 60% of income generation for all categories. It can be concluded that homegardens are important to rural people for food and cash income.展开更多
We have introduced the total domination polynomial for any simple non isolated graph G in [7] and is defined by Dt（G, x） = ∑in=yt（G） dr（G, i） x＇, where dr（G, i） is the cardinality of total dominating sets of...We have introduced the total domination polynomial for any simple non isolated graph G in [7] and is defined by Dt（G, x） = ∑in=yt（G） dr（G, i） x＇, where dr（G, i） is the cardinality of total dominating sets of G of size i, and yt（G） is the total domination number of G. In [7] We have obtained some properties of Dt（G, x） and its coefficients. Also, we have calculated the total domination polynomials of complete graph, complete bipartite graph, join of two graphs and a graph consisting of disjoint components. In this paper, we presented for any two isomorphic graphs the total domination polynomials are same, but the converse is not true. Also, we proved that for any n vertex transitive graph of order n and for any v ∈ V（G）, dt（G, i） = 7 dt（V）（G, i）, 1 〈 i 〈 n. And, for any k-regular graph of order n, dr（G, i） = （7）, i 〉 n-k and d,（G, n-k） = （kn） - n. We have calculated the total domination polynomial of Petersen graph D,（P, x） = 10X4 ＋ 72x5 ＋ 140x6 ＋ 110x7 ＋ 45x8 ＋ [ 0x9 ＋ x10. Also, for any two vertices u and v of a k-regular graph Hwith N（u） ≠ N（v） and if Dr（G, x） = Dt（ H, x ）, then G is also a k-regular graph.展开更多
The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies...The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies according to the aspect of the analysis, analyzed marketing unit, tourism product, geographical unit, region, destination, or entities that offer an acceptable integrated product a package by specific indicators for comparison of elements of competitiveness. The first part of the article theoretically emphasizes the distinction in defining the concept of competitiveness from various aspects of the analyzed market subjects （different features and facilities provided）, and from those aspects of their specific business relationship in the market. Special contribution to the study of competitiveness is contained in the second part of the paper that analyzes the existing situation of intermediation in the European tourism market. This research is based on using the data of descriptive statistics and the secondary research which gives insights into the business of travel agencies, using the data such as number of employees, annual personnel costs, and the average annual cost per person employed in travel agencies in some European countries. The changes in the environment, and the competition initiate a need for an analysis of the internal environment, travel agencies＇ tasks, and their organizational structure. Also, the results conducted research on a sample of 500 travel agencies in 20 European countries indicate the dominance of quality service, price, and value for money as key factors of demand for achieving the competitiveness. It indicates new trends focused on needs for more specific--integrated tourist products that ensure the quality of service, value for money, and for the time that tourists invest in their obtaining.展开更多
Let G be a connected graph with vertex-set V(G)and edge-set E(G).A subset F of E(G)is an s-restricted edge-cut of G if G-F is disconnected and every component of G-F has at least s vertices.Letλs(G)be the minimum siz...Let G be a connected graph with vertex-set V(G)and edge-set E(G).A subset F of E(G)is an s-restricted edge-cut of G if G-F is disconnected and every component of G-F has at least s vertices.Letλs(G)be the minimum size of all s-restricted edge-cuts of G andξs(G)=min{|[X,V(G)\X]|:|X|=s,G[X]is connected},where[X,V(G)\X]is the set of edges with exactly one end in X.A graph G with an s-restricted edge-cut is called super s-restricted edge-connected,in short super-λs,ifλs(G)=ξs(G)and every minimum s-restricted edge-cut of G isolates one component G[X]with|X|=s.It is proved in this paper that a connected vertex-transitive graph G with degree k>5 and girth g>5 is super-λs for any positive integer s with s 2g or s 10 if k=g=6.展开更多
文摘Using the Java 2 enterprise edition (J2EE), the industry standard technique, a component and web-based manufacturing execution system (MES), is presented. It is considered to be open, modularized, distributed, configurable, interoperable and maintainable. After introducing some core techniques of J2EE as the basic foundations of the proposed MES, this paper briefly analyzes the MES domain in manufacturing systems and constructs the abstract object and component model, and then establishes the MES architecture. This MES can be facilely integrated with other manufacturing applications. Finally, an example of integration with the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is given.
文摘This exploratory research studied the contribution of homegardens to household income generation. In Burkina Faso, the Bieha department was purposively selected. The initial rapid rural appraisal was complemented by a household survey. Tools of data collection included observation, key informant interview, and focus group discussion. For the survey, eighty households were selected based on systematic sampling. Data was collected by individual interviews at household level, and for statistical calculations, the households were subsequently categorized as small, medium and commercial based on their homegarden size. It was found that all the surveyed households managed homegardens composed of trees, crops and animals. Majority of the farmers （43%） belonged to the small category due to land constraints. Generally, farms contributed more income than the plant component of homegardens. However, when the livestock component of homegardens was added, homegardens became far more important than farms and accounted for over 60% of income generation for all categories. It can be concluded that homegardens are important to rural people for food and cash income.
文摘We have introduced the total domination polynomial for any simple non isolated graph G in [7] and is defined by Dt（G, x） = ∑in=yt（G） dr（G, i） x＇, where dr（G, i） is the cardinality of total dominating sets of G of size i, and yt（G） is the total domination number of G. In [7] We have obtained some properties of Dt（G, x） and its coefficients. Also, we have calculated the total domination polynomials of complete graph, complete bipartite graph, join of two graphs and a graph consisting of disjoint components. In this paper, we presented for any two isomorphic graphs the total domination polynomials are same, but the converse is not true. Also, we proved that for any n vertex transitive graph of order n and for any v ∈ V（G）, dt（G, i） = 7 dt（V）（G, i）, 1 〈 i 〈 n. And, for any k-regular graph of order n, dr（G, i） = （7）, i 〉 n-k and d,（G, n-k） = （kn） - n. We have calculated the total domination polynomial of Petersen graph D,（P, x） = 10X4 ＋ 72x5 ＋ 140x6 ＋ 110x7 ＋ 45x8 ＋ [ 0x9 ＋ x10. Also, for any two vertices u and v of a k-regular graph Hwith N（u） ≠ N（v） and if Dr（G, x） = Dt（ H, x ）, then G is also a k-regular graph.
文摘The concept of competitiveness influenced by many factors is analyzed in terms of terminology distinctions. This is the reason of numerous definitions of this term included in the first part of the paper, which varies according to the aspect of the analysis, analyzed marketing unit, tourism product, geographical unit, region, destination, or entities that offer an acceptable integrated product a package by specific indicators for comparison of elements of competitiveness. The first part of the article theoretically emphasizes the distinction in defining the concept of competitiveness from various aspects of the analyzed market subjects （different features and facilities provided）, and from those aspects of their specific business relationship in the market. Special contribution to the study of competitiveness is contained in the second part of the paper that analyzes the existing situation of intermediation in the European tourism market. This research is based on using the data of descriptive statistics and the secondary research which gives insights into the business of travel agencies, using the data such as number of employees, annual personnel costs, and the average annual cost per person employed in travel agencies in some European countries. The changes in the environment, and the competition initiate a need for an analysis of the internal environment, travel agencies＇ tasks, and their organizational structure. Also, the results conducted research on a sample of 500 travel agencies in 20 European countries indicate the dominance of quality service, price, and value for money as key factors of demand for achieving the competitiveness. It indicates new trends focused on needs for more specific--integrated tourist products that ensure the quality of service, value for money, and for the time that tourists invest in their obtaining.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61073046)
文摘Let G be a connected graph with vertex-set V(G)and edge-set E(G).A subset F of E(G)is an s-restricted edge-cut of G if G-F is disconnected and every component of G-F has at least s vertices.Letλs(G)be the minimum size of all s-restricted edge-cuts of G andξs(G)=min{|[X,V(G)\X]|:|X|=s,G[X]is connected},where[X,V(G)\X]is the set of edges with exactly one end in X.A graph G with an s-restricted edge-cut is called super s-restricted edge-connected,in short super-λs,ifλs(G)=ξs(G)and every minimum s-restricted edge-cut of G isolates one component G[X]with|X|=s.It is proved in this paper that a connected vertex-transitive graph G with degree k>5 and girth g>5 is super-λs for any positive integer s with s 2g or s 10 if k=g=6.
