原位聚合法制备微胶囊过程中的ζ电位

采用原位聚合法制备了香料微胶囊及分散染料微胶囊，并分别测定了不同配比系统调节剂和香料、染料微胶囊制备过程中不同阶段体系的ζ电位，对微胶囊制备过程中表面电位的变化情况作了初步的探讨。

分形噪声中的信号检测

本文讨论了在1/f类分形噪声中的信号检测问题,利用小波变换对1/f噪声的近似白化作用,来消除1/f噪声间的相关性。文中给出了白化滤波器的传递函数,信号检测的判决规则和接收系统结构;分析了系统的接收性能;最后给出了仿真实验结果。

套餐自动分装机的设计

针对高等院校和中小企事业单位等集体食堂在出售米饭、菜和水果时排长龙,饭量与菜量的不均匀分配,卫生状况差、浪费粮食和食堂工作人员工作强度大等一系列问题,利用Auto CAD设计了1台可以自主刷卡、自动售饭、售菜和搭配水果的套餐自动分装机。该机器具有分饭、分菜、搭配水果、保温和清洗等功能。应用它,有效降低了工作人员的劳动强度,提高了食堂售饭、售菜的效率,保证了食堂餐饮的卫生,节约了就餐人员的时间和食堂的运营成本。

The Application of RAPD Markers in Diversity Detection and Variety Identification of Porphyra

RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers were generated from filaments of 15 Porphyra lines representing four important groups, P. yezoensis, P. haitanensis, P. katadai var. hemiphylla and P. oligospermatangia . Among the total 69 fragments generated by 6 selected primers (among 50 primers), 67 appeared to be polymorphic (97.1%). Cluster analysis based on the RAPD results was performed. The 15 Porphyra lines were divided into 3 groups. This result was consistent with that from taxonomy analysis. A DNA fingerprinting based on 8 bands amplified with OPN_02 and OPJ_18 was constructed and might be used in Porphyra variety identification. Five specific RAPD fragments of 5 Porphyra lines were isolated and cloned into pGEM_T easy vector. These five RAPD fragments may be useful in germplasm identification and property protection of Porphyra .

Effects of Sludge Application on Accumulition of Heavy Metals in Rape and Soil

[Objective] This study aimed to provide reliable theoretical basis for re- source utilization of sludge. [Method] By using pot experiment, variations of the yield index and salt content of rape and the accumulation of three kinds of heavy metals in rape plants and soil including Hg, As and Zn were explored. [Result] The results showed that medium sludge level （50 g/pot） significantly increased the rape yield and root/shoot ratio; when the application amount of sludge reached 100 g/pot, the fertil- ization effect of sludge on potted rape yield was significantly reduced. Compared with chemical fertilizer and chicken manure, sludge promoted N and P absorption of rape more significantly, but the effect of sludge application on K absorption was less significant than chicken manure. Sludge can increase the soil salinity, which is higher than the chemical fertilizer and chicken manure, but the effect was not significant. Compared with chemical fertilizer and chicken manure treatments, the Hg, As and Zn contents in rape plants and soil after sludge application increased, to be specific, Hg content increased relatively significantly. Hg, As and Zn contents in rape plants and soil were all in accordance with China National Safety Standards for Heavy Met- als in Vegetables and China National Environmental Quality Standards for Soils. [Conclusion] Short-term sludge application will not lead to secondary heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils, but the Hg content should be monitored and controlled in long-term sludge application.

Chemical Constituents of Silene jenisseensis Root

从旱麦瓶草（ＳｉｌｅｎｅｊｅｎｉｓｓｅｅｎｓｉｓＷｉｌｌｄ．）的根中分出３种化合物，根据理化常数及波谱分析鉴定了其中２个为α—菠菜甾醇葡萄糖甙（１），蜕皮甾酮（２）。这两个化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。

Effect of Interaction of Potassium, Calcium and Sodium on Cabbage Growth and Nutrient Absorption

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the interactions among potassium （K）, calcium （Ca） and sodium （Na） on cabbage growth and nutrient absorption. MethodA total of 11 treatments with different levels of K, Ca and Na were set in the pot experiment to measure the nutrient content and uptake in cabbage plants. ResultThe use of K or the combined use of K and Ca improved the cabbage absorption on K and Ca. In addition, K and Ca presented an interaction as that appropriate amount of Ca promoted K uptake while excessive Ca inhibited the uptake. The treatment of Ca 2 K 3 with 0.33 g/pot of Ca and 0.67 g/pot of K could significantly increase the quantity of dry matter accumulation and absorption of Ca and K in cabbage, was the best among all treatments. ConclusionApplication of suitable amount of Ca could release the Na stress on cabbage growth at the low level of Na in soil.

Two Bisxanthone C-glycosides from Swertia calycina Franch

首次从抱萼獐牙菜全草中分得两个双酮碳式化合物。经理化常数和光谱分析鉴定为紫药双酮甙；3－O－去甲禁药双酮甙。

Chemical Constituents from Potentilla multifida L.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from Potentilla multifida L..Methods Chromatographic technique was employed for the isolation and purification of theconstituents, and the structures were identified by spectral evidence. Results Four compounds wereisolated involving ade-nosine (1), apigenin-6-C-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-glucopyranoside (2),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (3) and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (4). Conclusion The fourcompounds were obtained from the genus Potentilla for the first time.

Phosphorus Balance in the Main Crop Production Systems in Beijing Suburb——Case in Shunyi District

[Objective] The research aimed to evaluate the phosphorus balances in the main crop production systems in Shunyi District of Beijing City.[Method] By using the nutrient budget method,the phosphorus balances in the main crop production systems（field crops,orchard and open-field vegetables） in Shunyi District of Beijing City were evaluated.Moreover,the main influence elements of phosphorus surplus in the farmland were analyzed.[Result] The positive phosphorus balances were found across all three crop production systems in the study period.The amount of phosphorus surplus [491.8 kg/（hm2·a）] in vegetables production system was significantly higher than that in field crops [82.7 kg/（hm2·a）] and orchard [129.5 kg/（hm2·a）] production systems（P0.05）.But the amount of phosphorus surplus between the latter two had no significant difference（P0.05）.Phosphorus surpluses in the production systems of field crops and vegetables respectively presented the extremely significant and positive relationship with the phosphorus input from chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer（r was respectively 0.987 7 and 0.970 1）.The phosphorus input from chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the orchard production system both presented the extremely significant and positive relationship with the phosphorus surplus in the farmland（r was respectively 0.836 3 and 0.625 2）.However,the phosphorus harvested by crops didn＇t significantly correlated to the phosphorus surplus in the farmland for all three crop production systems（P0.05）.[Conclusion] The risk of phosphorus pollution potential in all three crop production system of Shunyi Distirct was high,especially in the vegetable production system.The phosphorus surpluses in the production systems of field crops and vegetables were mainly from the inputs of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer,respectively.However,the inputs of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer both significantly affected the phosphorus surplus in the orchard production system.

The Breeding of Hybrid Rape Variety Youyan 924 with Strong Heterosis and High Oil

The rape project of ＂Development and Application of Cabbage Type Rape Hybrids with Strong Heterosis＂ which belongs to National 863 Program aimed to breed the rape variety whose rapeseed yield or oil yield increased more than 10% compared with check （CK） variety, or oil yield increased more than 3 percentage points compared with CK. In the regional trial in the middle react,es of the Yangtze River for two years, the average rapeseed yield and oil yield of Youyan 924 which is a hybrid rape variety respectively reached 2 695.95 and 1 264.35 kg/hm2, which respectively increased by 5.22% and 13.4% compared with those of the other test- ing varieties in the same group, and respectively increased by 10.06% and 23.68% compared with those of Zhongyouza 2 which belongs to CK, thus reaching the standard of hybrid rape variety with strong heterosis; the average oil percentage of the variety in the two years was 46.63%,which increased by 3.44 percentage points compared with that of all the other testing varieties in the same group, and in- creased by 5.14 percentage points compared with that of Zhongyouza 2, and the oil percentage of it in the production testing reached 49.21%. Thus Youyan 924 is a variety with strong heterosis and high oil, moreover, its contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate are 0,25% and 20.27 μmol/g, respectively. From the data aggregation of national regional trial, it has the advantages of high oil yield, high yielding ability, reaching the standards of low erucic acid and low glucosinolate, strong lodging re- sistance, good disease resistance aqd moderate mature period.

Genetic Inheritance and Molecular Marker of Clubroot Resistance Genes in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis

Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the genetic inheritance of clubroot resistance in Chinese non-heading cabbage （Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis）. [Method] The clubroot resistance gene was introduced from a Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis cultivar to non-heading Chinese cabbage, and the inheri-tance and molecular markers of clubroot resistance gene in parental lines, F1, F2 and BC1 of non-heading Chinese cabbage were studied through pathogen inoculation at seedling stage and ISSR-PCR. [Result] Clubroot resistance in non-heading Chi-nese cabbage was control ed by a single dominant gene. ISSR molecular markers with Bulk segregant analysis （BSA） found that primer-873 was linked to resistance gene, named CR-873, and the genetic distance between the marker and the resis-tance gene was 9.72 cM. [Conclusion] The results provide references for the molecular marker assisted breeding of non-heading Chinese cabbage.

Clustering Analysis on Large Grained Brassica napus Materials Based on the Optimized ACGM Markers

[Objective] This study aimed to develop ACGM markers for the clustering analysis of large grained Brassica napus materials. [Method] A total of 44 pairs of ACGM primers were designed according to 18 genes related to Arabidopsis grain development and their homologous rape EST sequences. After electrophoresis, 18 pairs of ACGM primers were selected for the clustering analysis of 16 larger grained samples and four fine grained samples of rapeseed. [Result] PCR result showed that 2-6 specific bands were respectively amplified by each pair of primes, and all the bands were polymorphic and repeatable, suggesting that the optimized ACGM markers were useful for clustering analysis of B. napus species. Clustering analysis revealed that the 20 rapeseed samples were divided into three clusters A, B, and C at similarity coefficient 0.6. Then, the clusters A and B were further divided into five sub clusters A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2 at similarity coefficient 0.67. [Conclusion] This study will provide theoretical and practical values for rape breeding.

Evaluation of Chinese Cabbage Sensory Quality and Its Relationship with Contents of Main Nutrient Components

In order to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for quality of Chinese cabbage, 28 Chinese cabbage cultivars or inbreeds were selected as ex- perimental materials to identify the raw and cooked taste and determine the nutrient component contents, and the subjective factors （taste） and objective factors （nutrient component contents） influencing the sensory quality of Chinese cabbage were ana- lyzed by multiple regression and path analysis. The results showed that two regres- sion equations were obtained： yr （raw quality）=0.310 3＋0.254 0xl （juiciness）＋0.176 2 x2 （sweetness）＋0.221 6x3 （crispness）＋0.319 9x4 （flavor）; Yc （cooked quality）=0.204 4＋ 0.250 9 xs （residue）＋0.246 9x6 （cooked sweetness）＋0.182 5x7 （softness）＋0.323 lx8 （cooked flavor）. The path analysis results showed that among the sensory indices, the total coefficients of sweetness and juiciness were 0.445 3 and 0.427 6, respec- tively. It indicated they were the main factors affecting the raw quality of Chinese cab- bage, followed by flavor and crispness. Sweetness, with total coefficient of 0.515 2, showed the greatest effect on the cooked quality of Chinese cabbage, followed by residue, cooked flavor and softness. The effects of nutrient component contents on the sensory quality of Chinese cabbage were further analyzed, and the regression equa- tions were obtained： y, =-32.192 0＋0.389 3xw （moisture content）＋1.169 8x~ （soluble sugar content）; Yc = 7.497 1＋0.732 6xs - 5.668 8x, （organic acid content）-2.176 3x~ （crude fiber content）. The standardized regression coefficients of soluble sugar con- tent were all highest with the value of 0.580 7 in the raw quality regression equa- tion and 0.325 0 in the cooked quality one, indicating that among the six nutrient components, the soluble sugar content was the main factor affecting both raw and cooked quality of Chinese cabbage. This study will provide certain basis for quality evaluation, selection and breeding of high-quality Chinese cabbage.

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Dripirrigated Celery

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different irrigation amounts on water consumption and water use efficiency of celery under the condition of drip irrigation, so as to provide a scientific basis for high-yielding, high-quality and highefficiency cultivation and water-saving irrigation of greenhouse celery. Total five irrigation amounts were designed, 117.5 （T1）, 160.0 （T2）, 202.5 （T3）, 245.0 （T4） and 287.5 （CK） mm/hm2, and the effects of different irrigation amounts on yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of celery were studied by plot experiment. The results showed that at the soil depth of 0-40 cm, the soil water storages of different treatments ranked as T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s, and the celery water consumptions ranked as CK＇s〉T4＇s〉T3＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s. At the same time, the soil water storage in different treatment group declined with the growth of celery, and finally increased at the harvest period. Among different irrigation amounts, the water use effi- ciency and irrigation water use efficiency all ranked as T1＇s〉T2＇s〉T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s. The water consumption of celery was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈 0.01）, and was negatively related to water use efficiency （P〈0.01） and irrigation water use efficiency （P〈0.05）. When the irrigation amount was below 253 mm/hm2, the celery yield was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈0.01）. There was also a positive correlation between celery output and irrigation amount. Compared with those of CK, the benefit of the T4 treatment group was equal, and the water consumption was reduced by 14.78%. In high-efficiency solar greenhouse, the irrigation amount of drip-irrigated celery is recommended as 245 mm/hm2.

Chemical constituents of Ixeris sonchifolia

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of Ixeris sonchifolia Hance. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and the structures were elucidated and characterized by spectral evidences. Result Thirteen compounds were obtained and identified as 3β-acetoxy-20-taraxasten-22-one （1）, bauerenyl acetate （2）, 3β-acetoxy- 11-oxours-12-ene （3）, oleanic acid （4）, oleanane （5）, 8-desoxyartelin （6）, aesculetin （7）, ferulic acid （8）, vanillic acid （9）, sonchifolinin （10）, hexacosanol （11）, β-sitosterol （12）, and daucosterol （13）. Conclusion Compounds 1, 5, and 8 were isolated from this genus for the first time; compound 7 was obtained firstly from this plant.

Molecular Markers and Agronomic Traits of a New Kind of Genic Male Sterile Material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus L.

[ Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4- 2 in Brassica napus. [ Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphisms in SSR markers, between the genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were investigated by hybridization and molecular identification; and the percentage of sterile individuals of Mian 7AB-4-2 and of the hybrids with its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 from test cross and back cross were also studled. [ Result] Mian 7AB-4-2 was not significantly different in agronomic traits from its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 at 0.05 probability level. The per- centages of sterile individuals in the pollinated fertile Mian 7AB-4-2 plants were over 60%, and that in its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 was about 25%. In test crosses with other nine sterile lines, Mian 7AB-4-1 kept the percentage of sterile individuals of sterile lines over 90%, and the percentage of sterile individuals from back cross over 80%. With regard to molecular markers, Mian 7AB-4-2 and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were different in the band number from SSR primers a2 and E10. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that Mian 7AB-4-2 is helpful for rapeseed breeding, quickening the application of new materials in field breeding.

Salt Contents in Soils Under Plastic Greenhouse Gardening in China

Field experiments were conducted on three main soils, brown soil, meadow soil and cinnamon soil, of Shandong Province to study the effect of plastic greenhouse gardening on soil salt contents. As compared to the open fields, the soil nutrient contents in the fields under plastic greenhouse gardening all increased significantly. The organic matter, quickly available N and P increases were extremely significant and the quickly available K increase was also significant. Along with the nutrient increases the soil salt contents increased clearly in all the soils investigated not only in the top layer but also in the deeper layers, being extremely significant in the 0～10 cm layer and significant in the 10～40 cm layers. The salt contents in the plastic greenhouses had significant correlations with the soil available nitrogen and phosphorous. Soils with longer plastic greenhouse gardening time tended to have more salt. The plastic greenhouse soils contained less CO-3～(2-) and much more NO-3 than the open soils, which indicated a higher influence of human intervention in plastic greenhouses. Among the constituent ions, Cl～(-), NO-3～(-) , Ca～(2+) and Mg～(2+) had positive while HCO-3～(-) had negative significant or extremely significant correlations with total salt, with correlation coefficients being 0.66*, 0.80**, 0.92**, 0.80** and -0.64* , respectively. Nitrate decreased from the top to deeper layers both in the plastic greenhouses and in the open fields. The plastic greenhouse soils contained much more nitrate than the open fields in every layer and even the nitrate contents of the 80～l00 cm layer were still several times those of the top layer in the open fields. The main reason for the salt increases was considered to be the inappropriate fertilization and selective absorption of nutrients by plants in the plastic greenhouses. The methods recommended to avoid soil salt increase in the plastic greenhouses were to apply fertilizers rationally according to the soils, vegetables and fertilizer properties and to adopt a good intercropping or rotation system.

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth and Sound Seedling Index of Green Cabbage Seedlings

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth and sound seedling index of green cabbage seedlings. [Method] A seedling-raising orthogonal test was carried out on green cabbage under different irrigation upper limits and different substrate nutrient levels. [Result] Proper irrigation could promote leaf expansion, while excessive irrigation wa- ter inhibited leaf expansion; fertilization inhibited leaf expansion; and water and fertil- izing coupling showed a superimposed effect on leaf expansion. Proper irrigation promoted stem and root growth; fertilization inhibited stem and root growth; and there was a very strong water and fertilizer interaction effect. Under more irrigation water and proper fertilizing amount, root growth was promoted, stem elongation was inhibited, material accumulation of plants was increased, and sound seedling index was improved. [Conclusion] Water and fertilizer coupling effect could be used for regulating growth and development of various organs of green cabbage and improv- ing seedling-raising efficiency and quality.

A Comparative Study on the Quality Components Between Self Pollinated Seeds and Naturally Pollinated Seeds in Brassica napus L. in Sichuan Ecological Region

[ Objective] This study was to reveal the differences in crude fat and glucosinolates between self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds in Brassica napus in sichuan ecological region.. [ Method] Near-infrared spectroscopy method （NIRS） was employed to measure the quality components in self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds of 861 shares of Brassica napus from Sichuan ecological region. And correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted based on the experimental data via SPSS （statistics package for social science）. [ Result] The contents of crude fat in the self pollinated seeds were commonly a higher than that in the naturally pollinated seeds at 0.01 significant level; while the contents of glucosinolates in the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds were insignificantly different. Both the correlation relationship and linear regression for the crude fat between the self pollinated seeds and naturally pollinated seeds reached the significant level. The regression equations for the contents of crude fat（y1 ） and glucosinolates（ y2 ） in the naturally pollinated seeds and of crude fat（ x1 ） and glucosinolates（ x2 ） in self pollinated seeds were respectively determined to be y1 = 16.844 ＋0.614x1 and y2 = -0.620 ＋ 1.017 x2. [ Conclusion] In Brassica napus breeding, crude fat in naturally pollinated seeds should be emphatically taken into account, meanwhile concurrently considering that in self pollinated seeds; while glucosinolates in both the self pollinated seeds and the naturally pollinated seeds must be simultaneously concerned.