“紧扣语言”:培养科学分析能力的锁钥

分析是借助语言等思维工具,把整体从不同角度分解剖析为各个方面、部分,进而分别加以考察研究的一种思维方法,是归纳、概括、推理、鉴赏、探究等认知活动的前提与基础,是思维的关键环节。语言是思维的外壳,是思维最基本的工具,“紧扣语言”天然地成为了科学分析的基本要求与策略。在语文教学中,教师要培养学生紧扣语言进行分析的意识,引导学生在阅读、写作等活动中充分思考,提升学生的科学分析能力。本文以小学语文教学中的练习题为例,论述“紧扣语言”的内涵及运用。

Morphological,Anatomical and Genetic Analysis for a Rice Mutant with Abnormal Hull

A mutant with abnormal hull was first discovered from a twin-seedling strain W2555 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The mutant had sparse branches and decreased number of florets from the base to the peak. Frequently, the florets at the top of the panicle did not develop completely. The underdeveloped florets often showed slender and white in their life cycle. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant traits were controlled by a single recessive gene （temporarily designated as ah）. ah gene controlled the development of inflorescence meristem and the flower organ. The florets of mutant showed degenerated lemma and palea. Stamens and lodicules were homeoticly transformed into pistils and palea/lemma-like structures, respectively. It seemed that ah mutant phenotypes of the homeotic conversions in lodicules and stamens were very similar to that of the B loss-of-function spwl gene reported previously in rice.

浅谈电力拖动教学的几点体会

本文以新形势、新课改为出发点,突出了以学生为本,增强技工学生素质技能的重要性。从剖析、分解教材、注重设置情景教学、老师怎样掌控课堂、现代教育技术和科学研究等三个方面浅述了中等职业学校《电力拖动控制线路》教学的几点体会。

Gene expression profile analyses of mice livers injured by Leigongteng

AIM： To analyze the gene expression profiles of mice livers injured by Leigongteng and explore the relationship between the differentially expressed genes and liver damage. METHODS： The experimental mice were randomly divided into a control group and a liver-injured group in which the mice were administrated 33 μγ, of triptolide/ kg per day for 30 d. Liver mRNAs were extracted from animals in both groups and were reverse-transcribed to cDNA with dUTP labeled by different fluorescence （Cy3, Cy5） as hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray chips. The fluorescent signal results were acquired by scanner and analyzed with software. RESULTS： Among the 35852 target genes, 29 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed, with 20 genes up-regulated and 9 genes down-regulated. The reliability of the differentially expressed genes was validated by RT-PCR experiments of 5 randomly selected differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION： Based on the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes, it is obvious that the occurrence and development of liver damage induced by Leigongteng in mice are highly associated with immune response, metabolism, apoptosis and the cell skeleton of liver cells. This might be important for elucidating the regulatory network of gene expression associated with liver damage and it may also be important for discovering the pathogenic mechanisms of liver damage induced by Leigongteng.

Gene profiles between non-invasive and invasive colon cancer using laser microdissection and polypeptide analysis

AIM: To explore the expression of differential gene expression profiles of target cell between non-invasive submucosal and invasive advanced tumor in colon carcinoma using laser microdissection (LMD) in combination with polypeptide analysis. METHODS: Normal colon tissue samples from 20 healthy individuals and 30 cancer tissue samples from early non-invasive colon cancer cells were obtained. The cells from these samples were used LMD independently after P27-based amplification. aRNA from advanced colon cancer cells and metastatic cancer cells of 40 cases were applied to LMD and polypeptide analysis, semiquantitative reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical assays were used to verify the results of microarray and further identify differentially expressed genes in non-invasive early stages of colon cancer. RESULTS: Five gene expressions were changed in colon carcinoma cells compared with that of controls. Of the five genes, three genes were downregulated and two were upregulated in invasive submucosal colon carcinoma compared with non-invasive cases. The results were confirmed at the level of aRNA and gene expression. Five genes were further identified as differentially expressed genes in the majority ofcases (> 50%, 25/40) in progression of colon cancer, and their expression patterns of which were similar to tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that combined use of polypeptide analysis might identify early expression profiles of five differential genes associated with the invasion of colon cancer. These results reveal that this gene may be a marker of submucosal invasion in early colon cancer.

Impact of meteorological conditions and PM2.5 on the onset of acute aortic dissection in monsoonal climate

Objective To investigate the impact of meteorological conditions and PM2.5 on the onset of acute aortic dissection in monsoonal climate. Methods A linear regression analysis was performed in monsoonal climate epidemiological survey for a period of four years on the impact of meteorological factors （minimal temperature, mean temperature, maximal temperature, average daily surface temperature, day temperature range, relative humidity, mean wind speed, and atmospheric pressure） and PM2.5 concentration on the daily incidences of acute aortic dissections. Meteorological variables and PM2.5 concentration were retrieved on a daily basis from Beijing Regional Climate Center and the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China’s website, and the daily incidences of acute aortic dissections were retrieved from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System in the Emergency and Critical Care Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Results During the study period （from January 2011 to December 2014）, 1164 patients were identified as having acute aortic dissections. The corresponding incidences in spring and autumn were 0.96 and 1.00, respectively, which significantly higher than that in summer and winter. The incidences of acute aortic dissection in a day could be predicted by diurnal temperature range （DTR） using the following linear multiple regression models： incidences of acute aortic dissection = 0.543 ＋ 0.025 × DTR. Conclusion This is the first study to show an attributable effect of DTR on acute aortic events in monsoonal climate. Our study confirms that meteorological variables were important factors influencing the incidence of acute aortic dissection.

Anatomical and biomechanical analysis of sacral pedicle and lateral mass

Objective： To study the anatomical and biomechanical features of sacral pedicle and lateral mass so as to provide reference for clinical screw fixation technology of sacral pedicle and lateral mass.Methods： A total of 60 adult patients＇ spiral CT images of the sacrum and coccyx were selected randomly. The entry points of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screws were determined, and the screw trajectory was measured using the three dimensional reconstruction method. Meanwhile,the gross anatomy was scrutinized in 15 adult cadaver specimens to determine the sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw entry points. The length, width and angle of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw trajectory were measured. Eight of 15cadaver specimens were selected to test the maximal extraction force of sacral pedicle and lateral mass screws. The clinical data of 15 cases treated by pedicle and lateral mass screw technology were collected and analyzed.Results： The diameter and length of S1-S5 sacral pedicle and lateral mass screw trajectory were regular, with about 20° inclination angle. The S1 pedicle screw entry point was located at the intersection point of the basal lateral part of articular process and median line of transverse process, and no significant difference was found for the maximal extraction force between pedicle and lateral mass screws （P〉0.05）. The entry points of S2-S5 pedicle screws were located at the intersection point of the line connecting adjacent posterior sacral foramina and median line of the transverse process.The lateral mass screw entry point of S2-S5 was on the median side of intersection point between median line of the transverse process and lateral sacral crest. The maximal extraction force of pedicle screws was significantly greater than that of lateral mass screws （P〈0.05）.Conclusion： Both the sacral pedicle and the lateral mass screw fixation techniques can offer effective fixation and reconstruction for fracture of the sacrum and coccyx,but pedicle screw fixation may be more convenient, safe and reliable than lateral mass screw fixation.