论地表水流分质排放方法

水质和水量分割在不同体系进行监测和管理的传统水污染治理技术,使水域只能被动接纳水体。为此,提出了一种创新技术体制——水流分质排放方法,建立了水质、水量监测和水体分流设施一体化的智能感知与控制系统。论述了实现该法的技术难点;运用相关性原理分析发现水质项目间存在多向相关项目,论证了从多向相关项目中选取能进行快速在线监测的项目以及求取和分级的方法;并按其监测速度分成若干优先监测级别,使被保护水域能快速选择性接纳符合水质管理目标的水体,实现创新技术体制。查新报告表明,在国内外未见相同文献。实践证明,该方法能快速灵敏选择水体,有效防止污染扩散和输移。

水流分质排放分质处理技术和应用

在保护水域水质、控制水污染过程中,水域通常只是被动地接纳水体,对水体水质和水量的感知量,被分割在两类不同的体系或载体中进行监测和管理,没有组成共同的数据信息链,需要改变这一状态来提高水污染防治效果。水流分质排放分质处理方法及研制出的成套设备集成系统,通过在线实时分级方式,快速获取同一载体上的水质和水量的感知量,使水域能按照设定的水功能区域的水质管理目标,主动地选择水体,使水流按照水质的状态和要求,分流至相应区域,实现水流执行机构控制与水质环境感知一体化,实现分质排放和分质处理。它为我国实施最严格的水资源管理制度,控制水汚染排放和扩散,合理利用水资源,提供了一套新思路、新方法和新装备。

A dynamic analysis of environmental losses from anthropogenic lead flow and their accumulation in China

Substance flow analysis was applied to analyzing the lead emissions in 2010. It turns out that in 2010, for every 1 kg of lead consumed, 0.48 kg lead is lost into the environment. The emissions in 2010 were estimated to be 1.89×10^6 t, which were mainly from use （39.20%） and waste management＆recycling （33.13%）. The accumulative lead in 1960-2010 from the anthropogenic flow was estimated and the results show that the total accumulative lead in this period amounted to 19.54×10^6 t, which was equivalent to 14.26 kg and 2.04 g/m^2 at the present population and territory.

Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Heavy Haze in Changchun City in Northeast China

Northeast China has been reported as having serious air pollution in China with increasing occurrences of severe haze epi- sodes. Changchun City, as the center of Northeast China, has longstanding industry and is an important agricultural base. Additionally, Changchun City has a long winter requiring heating of buildings emitting pollution into the air. These factors contribute to the complex- ity of haze pollution in this area. In order to analyze the causes of heavy haze, surface air quality has been monitored from 2013 to 2015. By using satellite and meteorological data, atmospheric pollution status, spatio-temporal variations and formation have been analyzed. Results indicated that the air quality in 88.9% of days exceeding air quality index （AQI） level-1 standard （AQI 〉50） according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard （NAAQS） of China. Conversely, 33.7% of the days showed a higher level with AQI 〉 100. Ex- treme haze events （AQI 〉 300） occurred frequently during agricultural harvesting period （from October 10 to November 10）, intensive winter heating period （from Late-December to February） and period of spring windblown dust （April and May）. Most daily concentra- tions of gaseous pollutants, i.e., NO2 （43.8 gg/m3）, CO （0.9 mg/m3）, SO2 （37.9 gg/m3）, and 03 （74.9 gg/m3） were evaluated within level-1 concentration limits of NAAQS standards. However, particulate matter （PM2.5 and PMI0） concentrations （67.3 ~tg/m3and 115.2 ~g/m3, respectively） were significantly higher than their level-1 limits. Severe haze in spring was caused by offsite transported dust and windblown surface soil. Heavy haze periods during fall and winter were mainly formed by intensive emissions of atmospheric pollutants and steady weather conditions （i.e., low wind speed and inversion layer）. The overlay emissions of widespread straw burning and coal combustion for heating were the dominant factors contributing to haze in autumn, while intensive coal burning during the coldest time was the primary component of total emissions. In addition, general emissions including automobile exhaust, road and construction dust, residential and industrial activities, have significantly increased in recent years, making heavy haze a more frequent occurrence. There- fore, both improved technological strategies and optimized pollution management on a regional scale are necessary to minimize emis- sions in specified seasons in Changchun City, as well as comprehensive control measures in Northeast China.

Photochemical Process Modeling and Analysis of Ozone Generation

Air pollution in modern city and industrial zones has become a serious public concern in recent years in China. Significance of air quality assessment and emission control strategy design is increasing. Most studies in China focus on particulate matter(PM), especially PM2.5, while few account for photochemical secondary air pollutions represented by ozone(O3). In this paper, a procedure for air quality simulation with comprehensive air quality model with extensions(CAMx) is demonstrated for studying the photochemical process and ozone generation in the troposphere. As a case study, the CAMx photochemical grid model is used to model ozone over southern part of Beijing city in winter, 2011. The input parameters to CAMx include emission sources, meteorology field data, terrain definition, photolysis status, initial and boundary conditions. The simulation results are verified by theoretical analysis of the ozone generation tendency. The simulated variation tendency of domain-wide average value of hourly ozone concentration coincides reasonably well with the theoretical analysis on the atmospheric photochemical process, demonstrating the effectiveness of the procedure. An integrated model system that cooperates with CAMx will be established in our future work.

Numerical simulation study of gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation

Aiming at the issue that mass of gas emission from mining gob and the gas exceeded in working face, gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation was studied. In consideration of the influence of natural wind pressure to analyze the stope face differential pressure, gob air leakage field distribution and gas migration regularity theoretically. Established a two-dimensional physical model with one source and one doab, and applied computational fluid dynamics analysis software Fluent to do numerical simulation, analyzed and contrasted to the areas of gob air leakage on size and gas emission from gob to working face on strength when using the downlink ventilation and uplink ventilation. When applied downward ventilation in stope face, the air leakage field of gob nearly working face, and the air leakage intensity were smaller than uplink, this can effectively reduce the gas emission from gob to working face; when used downlink ventilation, the air leakage airflow carry the lower amount of gas to doab than uplink ventilation, and more easily to mix the gas, reduced the possibility of gas accumulation in upper comer and the stratified flows, it can provide protection to mine with safe and effective production.

Separating trash and solid materials from the wastewater ammonia stripping tower UASB biological oxidation pond processes for the treatment of the swine factory＇s wastewater

By making the use of the processes which includes separating trash and solid materials from the wastewater-ammonia stripping tower-UASB-biological oxidation pond, we have treated the wastewater which comes from the swine factory. The treated wastewater can meet the primary standard of The People＇s Republic of China based on sewage discharge standards and the wastewater treatment project design contract （GBl8596-2001）, and the effluent will be used as irrigation-water. We introduce this project including the quality of influent and effluent and the flow scheme, the statement of every part, the investment and the effect, etc. The operation indicated that this process has many merits such as the stability in operation-effect and the convenience in management. So it will provide some help for the similar wastewater treatment.

Triarylamines with branched multi-pyridine groups： modulation of emission properties by structural variation, solvents,and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane

Six triarylamine derivatives 1–6 with branched multi-pyridine substituents were prepared and characterized. These compounds are distinguished by the substituent on one of the phenyl group with NO2 for 1, CN for 2, Cl for 3, p-C6 H4 OMe for 4, OMe for 5,and NMe2 for 6, respectively. As revealed by single crystal X-ray analysis, these substituents play an important role in determining the configuration of the triarylamine framework and the crystal packing of 1–6. The emission properties of these compounds were examined in different solvents(toluene, CH2 Cl2, acetone, tetrahydrofuran(THF), and N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)) and in solid states. Distinct dual emissions from the localized emissive state and the intramolecular charge transfer state were observed for compound 5 in CH2 Cl2. Compounds 1 and 6 show apparent aggregated enhanced emissions in acetone/H2 O.The emission properties of these compounds were further modulated by the addition of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. In addition, density functional theory(DFT) and time-dependent DFT(TDDFT) calculations have been performed on the ground and singlet excited states to complement the experimental findings.