太湖流域地表水资源量及分质评价方法探讨

太湖流域因其特殊的地理环境,使其地表水资源量及其分质评价不同于一般评价模式。合理评价太湖流域水资源的关键是弄清流域地表水资源量。太湖局在对流域降雨径流进行特定分析的基础上,对流域地表水资源量及分质评价方法进行了有益的探讨。

Comprehensive evaluation of water quality parameters in Tianjin Dagu Dainage Canal

In this paper, some indices of sulfide, organic carbon, oil and heavy metals （copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and chromium） in the sediments from Dagu Dainage Canal at the Bohai Bay during four seasons in 2012 - 2013 are selected, and Water Quality Pollution Index （API） is applied to evaluate water quality indices, aiming for the systematic evaluation of the water quality of Dagu Dainage Canal. The results showed that four stations of D3, D6, D7and D9 for S2 had the type Ⅱand Ⅲ of water; others had the type Ⅰ ; the total level of TOC, TPH, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As and Cr were type Ⅰ, Ⅳ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅲ, Vand Ⅴ. Water Quality Pollution Index （API） was 3.28, which illustrated Dagu Dainage Canal was in the state of contamination and the degree of pollution exceeded the standard functional areas.

Image quality assessment based on perceptual grouping

To further explore the human visual system（ HVS）,the perceptual grouping（ PG）, which has been proven to play an important role in the HVS, is adopted to design an effective image quality assessment（ IQA） model. Compared with the existing fixed-window-based models, the proposed one is an adaptive window-like model that introduces the perceptual grouping strategy into the IQA model. It works as follows： first,it preprocesses the images by clustering similar pixels into a group to the greatest extent; then the structural similarity is used to compute the similarity of the superpixels between reference and distorted images; finally, it integrates all the similarity of superpixels of an image to yield a quality score. Experimental results on three databases（ LIVE, IVC and MICT） showthat the proposed method yields good performance in terms of correlation with human judgments of visual quality.

Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Environmental Quality of Irrigation Water in Vegetable Farmlands of Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate heavy metal environmental quality of irrigation water in vegetable farmlands of Shandong Province. [Method] Heavy metal contents including Hg,Cd,As,Cr (+6),Pb,Cu and Zn in irrigation water of main vegetable farmlands of Shandong Province were investigated by randomly sampling,and the environmental quality conditions of these heavy metals were evaluated by methods of single quality index and complex quality index. [Result] The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in irrigation water of Shouguang,Laiyang,Jinxiang and Zhangqiu were all far lower than the limit values prescribed by 'Farmland Environmental Quality Evaluation Standards for Edible Agricultural Products' (HJ332-2006),and no heavy metal was found beyond the limit value in every sample. The single quality indices of the 7 elements in the studied 4 places were all lower than 0.5. The comprehensive quality index of the seven elements was 0.317 8 in Shouguang,0.320 4 in Laiyang,0.232 6 in Jinxiang,and 0.260 7 in Zhangqiu. The environmental quality of irrigation water in the studied four places were all set at the first class. [Conclusion] The environmental quality of irrigation water in the 4 places belonged to clean level and were fit for the plantation of no pollution vegetables.

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Irrigation Water Quality in Turpan City Based on Matter Element Analysis Method

Matter-element analysis method was used to construct the comprehensive matter-element model for the evaluation of the quality of various kinds of irrigation water in Turpan City to evaluate the quality of irrigation water（such as river water,spring water, Karez well water, pumped well water） in Turpan City, Xinjiang. The results showed that the quality of the irrigation water was the best in October,which was in Grade I or Grade 2; in May, the quality of some of the irrigation water became poorer to Grade II, which was easy to soil salinization; in March, the detected qualities of the water samples water from the Meiyaogou basin were all in Grade IV, which was not suitable for farmland irrigation. The comparison on the evaluation results of matter-element analysis and fuzzy evaluation method showed that the results of the 2 methods were almost consistent with each other, and showed good uniformity.

Application of Principal Component Analysis with SPSS in Water Quality Assessment of Shenzhen Eastern Beach

Survey and analysis were conducted on water quality of offshore seas in eastern region of Shenzhen by principal component analysis with SPSS. Then, 8 pollutants indices were then reduced to 5. Based on weighted analysis of principal component weights, comprehensive scores of different monitored stations were com- puted and sequenced in order to make evaluation on sea quality of eastern region of Shenzhen.

Quality Evaluation and Comprehensive Analysis of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf in Fuzhou

The appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components and sensory quality of 69 flue-cured tobacco leaf samples from 6 counties of Fuzhou City in 2013 were analyzed and evaluated, and were compared with those in southeast area of China. The results showed that the flue-cured tobacco leaves in Fuzhou in 2013 had better hygroscopicity, toughness and filling ability, as well as suitable dragging force. However, some of the tobacco leaves were slightly thin, and had relatively high stem ratio. The tobacco leaves in Fuzhou had higher potassium content, lower starch content, and higher potassium to chlorine ratio. The middle tobacco leaves had better coordination of chemical components and general sensory quality（medium to medium-super level）. Most upper and middle flue-cured tobacco leaf samples had medium-super aroma quality, relatively sufficient aroma quantity,and relatively concentrated smoke; while the lower flue-cured tobacco leaves had little aroma quantity and insufficient smoke. The appearance quality score of lower tobacco leaf samples in Fuzhou in 2013 was slightly lower than that in southeastand whole China. The scores of maturity and leaf structure of middle tobacco leaves in Fuzhou were equivalent to those in southeast China and the national averages.The upper leaves in Fuzhou obtained an equivalent score in oil content and slightly lower scores in other indexes as compared with those in southeast China.The middle-lower tobacco leaves in Fuzhou had better hygroscopicity and toughness compared with those in southeastand whole China. The total alkaloid content per plant andreducing sugar content and potassium content in the middle and lower parts were higher than those in southeast and whole China. However, the scores of coordination of chemical components of lower and upper tobacco leaves in Fuzhou were slightly lower than those in southeast and whole China. The sensory quality of the 3 parts of tobacco leaves in Fuzhou were similar to that in southeast and whole China, but the score of consistency of upper tobacco leaves in Fuzhou was slightly higher.

Cultivated Land Quality Analysis of Karst Mountain Areas Based on GIS: A Case Study of Jingxi County

Agricultural land quality assessment of karst mountain areas is an impor-tant means to protect and manage cultivated land quality of karst mountain areas. With Jingxi County as a case, the data resources included achievements of cultivat-ed land grade, achievements of second land investigation, investigation of local con-ditions and the other data resources. With the overlay tool of MapGIS, attribute data of evaluation index were obtained, which can reflect agricultural land＇ characteris-tics, and agricultural land quality scores were calculated and land quality was grad-ed using the model of comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors to make further analysis on characteristics and spatial distribution. The results showed that used agricultural land is dominated by middle and high-grade lands in Jingxi County mainly, representing 68.58% of Jingxi County’s agricultural lands. On the other hand, the quality of paddy land is general y higher than that of dry land, and quality of agricultural land showed higher in middle and eastern Jingxi, and lower in north-western region, which provides references for national land management.

The AHP analysis on Quality Evaluation oriented to Bilingual Teaching Practices in Yunnan＇ s Universities

A number of studies show that bilingual education in private universities is worth studying in recent years, but its feasibility causes many debates at the same time which students are not as superior in both English proficiency and expertise as what we have expect- ed.However, it is undeniable that teaching process of teachers becomes significant influence on students＇ learning results. In my research I focus on the comprehensive view and procedures of teaching and set up the index system for evaluation of bilingual teaching process from teachers＇ perspective. In addition, I calculate the weighted value of each index at each level by using the root method, and determine the key success factors which affecting the quality of bilingual teaching process. Lastly, taking Oxbridge college as an example, I try to study what types of factors that constitutes conditions and limitations for a successful effect for bilingual teaching and to propose the solutions for improving and self-supervising in bilingual teaching process.

Synoptic Typing and Its Application for Evaluating Climatic Impact on Air Quality in Urumqi

An automated procedure employing principal-component analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis was developed to classify the synoptic meteorological conditions prevailing over Urumqi, one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. Six clusters representing different circulation patterns and air-mass characteristics were classified using surface- and upper-meteorological variables during the heating period from 2001 to 2008, and the relationships between synoptic clusters and air quality were evaluated. The heaviest air-pollution episodes occurred when Urumqi was in either an extremely cold, strong anticyclone or at the front of a migrating cyclone, both with light winds, wet surface air, and relatively dry upper air. Moderate pollution was seen when Urumqi was in the pre-cold/cold frontal passages with lower temperatures and light winds or moderate anticyclone with relatively warmer, drier air. When Urumqi was at the front of a migrating anticyclone or in a weak anticyclone with moderate winds and most warm, dry air, or in the cold/post-cold frontal passages with relatively strongly northerly airflows and precipitation, relatively good air quality could be seen. These results suggest that air pollution in Urumqi is very closely related to the synoptic meteorological conditions, which provides an important basis for not only the prediction and control of urban air-quality problems here but also for the analysis of the differential impacts of weather and pollution on human morbidity.

Geotechnical investigations and remediation design for failure of tunnel portal section： a case study in northern Turkey

Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.

Study on GC-MS fingerprint of petroleum ether fraction of Shenqi Jiangtang Granules

Objective To establish gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)fingerprint method for the petroleum ether fraction of Shenqi Jiangtang Granules(SQJTG)and evaluate the product quality.Methods The GC-MS fingerprint of petroleum ether fraction of SQJTG was established by GC-MS,and the chemical components corresponding to the fingerprint peaks were structurally identified on NIST2014.The batch consistency of SQJTG products was evaluated based on the chemical composition of petroleum ether parts by using fingerprint similarity evaluation and Principal components analysis(PCA)technology.At the same time,Hotelling's T2 and DMODX statistics are used to set the control range for the quality of different batches of products.Results Twenty-two components were identified from the petroleum ether part of SQJTG,accounting for 60.94%of the total components separated.The similarity of fingerprints of petroleum ether parts of 24 batches of SQJTG was greater than 0.95.The PCA of 24 batches of samples were all under the control limits of Hotellin’s T2 and DMODX statistics,indicating that the petroleum ether parts of different batches of SQJTG were consistent.Conclusion The developed GC-MS fingerprint method can be used to evaluate the quality of SQJTG.

Analysis on the Quality Assessment Mechanism of China＇s Pension Services

The quality of service for the aged is related to the problem of population aging in China and the quality evaluation is an important link to improve the quality and level of service for the aged. This paper mainly discusses the meaning of the third party evaluation mechanism of China＇ s pension service quality evaluation system, the significance on the establishment of third-party evaluation mechanism of China＇ s pension service quality and ways to establish third-party evaluation mechanism of China＇s pension service quality.

Enrichment of Semi-Volatile Organic Acids from Aqueous Solutions by Multiple-Effect Membrane Distillation

Multiple-effect membrane distillation （MEMD） process for enriching semi-volatile organic acids from their individual aqueous solutions was performed by using a hollow fiber-based air gap membrane distillation （AGMD） module with the function of internal heat recovery. Aqueous solutions of glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, pyrnvic acid, malonic acid and glutaric acid were used as model feed. For a feed of 1% （mass fraction）, each acid could be enriched for 8--20 times, which depended on the surface tension of the concentrate. The operation performance of MEMD process was characterized by permeation flux J, performance ratio PR and acid rejection rate R. The effects of cold feed-in temperature, heated feed-in temperature, feed-in volumetric flow rate and feed-in concen- tration on MEMD performance were experimentally evaluated. Maximum values of J, PR and R were 4.8 L/（h-m2）, 9.84 and 99.93%, respectively. Moreover, MEMD process demonstrated a fairly good stability in a long-term experiment lasting for 30 d when aqueous solution of 4% （mass fraction） lactic acid was used as a feed.

Optimization and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Pearl Millet Based Halwa Dry Mix

Indian traditional sweet dish i.e. halwa was developed from pearl millet grains. Pearl millet grains （Pennisetum typhoides var. PHB-2168） were steamed for 20 min at 1.05 kg cm^2 in order to minimize lipase activity, total phenols, phytic acid and tannins content. Steamed grains were dried （12 ± 0.5% moisture content）, pearled, milled, sieved through sieve opening size of 0.234 mm and were used for study. Central composite rotatable design （CCRD） with three independent variables i.e. vanaspati, sugar and water for rehydration were used to design the experiments. Sensory responses and rehydration ratio were used to study the individual and interactive effects of variables. Sensory score for colour varied from taste 6.3-7.9, mouth feel 6.4-7.8, overall acceptability （OAA） 6.5-7.9 and rehydration ratio （RR） from 1.4 to 2.3. All the responses fitted into quadratic equation with R2 〉 0.80. Halwa dry mix was also evaluated for stability in polyethylene pouches at ambient conditions and the peroxide and free fatty acids value were 21.35 meqO2 kg^-1 fat, 0.55% （oleic acid）, respectively after 6 months of storage. Based on compromise optimization, optimum levels of the ingredients recommended with 86.4% desirability were： vanaspati 38.6 g 100 g^-1 pearl millet semolina （PMS）, sugar 88.7 g 100 g^-1 PMS and water for rehydration 151 mL 100 g^-1 dry mix.

Capacitance Evaluation on Non-parallel Thick-Plate Capacitors by Means of Finite Element Analysis

In this work we show the influence of the edge-effect on the electric field distribution and, hence, on the inner and outer capacitance in an inclined-plate capacitor system surrounded by an insulating medium taking into account the thickness of the conducting plates for a complete set of dimensions and insulating characteristics. Where available, we compare our results with previously published works. Finally, using statistical tools, we obtain approximate expression for computing the relationship between capacitance and insulation material characteristics, insulation gap, plate dimensions and angle.

Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Mango by a Multi-residue Analysis and GC/MS Triple Quadrupole

Mango fruit has a great national and international market, and Brazilian production is 1,900 thousand tons/year exporting to North America and Europe. However, the loss could occur during the production when it is affected by pests and climate conditions, so the increased use of chemical substances and their presence should be monitored. A task for governmental agencies, producers and food sales, attending the sanitary barriers requirements, is to distribute food free from contaminants, so laboratories involved in this type of work usually employ multi-residues analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of pesticide residues in mango using QuEChERS method and mass spectrometry technique. Positive samples were compared with Brazilian maximum residues level （MRL） and the health risk exposure was evaluated using the acute dietary intake （ADI） parameter. A total of 20 samples were collected from January to March, in Sao Paulo city markets. The recoveries were in the range of 70% to 120%, and standard deviation was below 20%. The category of pesticides not permitted for the crop were found in l0 samples; eight samples presented pesticides below MRL and two samples above MRL for the fungicide procloraz. The ADI values were below 20% of ADI for an adult and the worst case was dimethoate with 69% of ADI for children. The time spent in monitoring studies and the viability of method chosen must be considered by pesticide residues laboratories during routine analysis of food quality control.

Methodologic quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the Mediterranean diet and cognitive function： a review

Background and aim： Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses published within the past years have examined the associations of Mediterranean-style diets （MedSDs） on cognitive. However, these reviews have not been evaluated for satisfying Contemporary methodologies quality standards. At the same time, due to the high demand for related care during the aging process in China, it is necessary to summarize the ex-isting system evaluation and evaluate the quality of it, so as to provide strong evidence for the development of relevant work and to standardize the research process and methods in this field. This study evaluated the quality of recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on MedSD and cognitive outcomes by using an established methodology quality scale, and to provide some valuable references for future research and Chinese systematic review and meta-analysis developing. Methods： We used the AMSTAR Methodology Quality Assessment Scale to evaluate the quality of methodology of the existing meta-analyses and systematic review. Meta analysis and systematic review that meets our criteria must contain the following characteristics： 1） used systematic or meta-analytic procedures to review the lit-erature, and 2） had MedSD interventions independently. Results： Reviews satisfied with 5 to 9 of the AMSTAR MedSD items （mean 7.35, standard deviation： 1.27）, quality is above average with those published in higher-impact journals having a greater quality score. Conclusion： These data suggest that current meta-analyses/systematic reviews evaluating the effect of MedSD on cognitive do not fully meet contemporary methodology quality standards. The methodological quality of the literature needs to be im- proved. As a result, there are more research questions to answer to enhance our understanding of how MedSD affects cognitive. To clarify associations between MedSD and cognitive, future meta-analyses and systematic reviews should not only follow methodology quality standards but also include more statistical modeling results when data allow. And in order to make the conclusions more reliable, we expect higher quality RCTs in the future.

Application of rigorous coupled-wave theory on quality analysis of natural jadeite

In order to make more available methods for natural jadeite quality evaluation,this study applied rigorous coupled wave theory to calculate and simulate the reflection characteristics of various natural jadeites,and establish evaluation standard based on the relationship between refractive index and reflectivity and responses of reflection efficiency to refractive index,grating thickness and incident angles,etc.The results suggest that reflection efficiency varies significantly as a function of the natural jadeite quality,which can provide a new method to evaluate natural jadeite.

Evaluation of the Anti-nutritional Substances in the Fruit of Gleditsia triacanthos L.： Economic Interest and Perspectives of Valorization in Algeria

Honey locust （Gleditsia triacanthos L.）, also called sweet-locust or thorny-locust, is a moderately fast growing tree. It is widely planted for windbreaks and soil erosion control and largely recommended like food of cattle since it can provide a source of fodder, protein and metabolic energy. Its flowers are incredibly attractive for pollinating insects and thus, form a source of pollen and nectar for honey. This tree was introduced in Europe in 1700 and was introduced by the colonists into Algeria in 1949. In order to valorize the natural substances of this species, the evaluation of the composition of its fruits （pods and seeds separately） in polyphenols, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins, which considered as anti-nutritional substances has been done. The obtained results showed that the fruits of Gleditsia triacanthos L. contain very low values in anti-nutritional factors with （0.13%-0.03%） of condensed tannins, （0.78%-0.45%） of hydrolysable tannins and （0.44%-0.16%） of total phenols for pods and seeds, respectively. It arises that these fruits can be of a great interest for many industries especially for feedstock.