碳排放许可的强度分配标准与中国区域经济协调发展——基于30省区CGE模型的分析

基于30省区CGE模型,模拟分析了碳排放许可的强度分配标准对我国区域协调发展的影响。结果表明:按行业属性设定强度分配标准会加剧区域经济发展不平衡状况;按区域经济发展水平设定强度分配标准,对区域协调发展的影响较小,但会对高排放行业造成较大的冲击。中央政府基于强度分配标准,参考区域经济发展水平,将碳排放许可分配到各个省份,然后各个省份再参考行业特点将碳排放许可分配给机制覆盖行业的实体或排放源,这样的两阶段分配结构是较为现实的、具有可操作性的政策选择。

我国核电厂降水时间份额和降水强度分配比的分析与推荐

通过对收集到的田湾核电厂址 ( 2 a)、秦山第二核电厂址 ( 2 a)、大亚湾核电厂址 ( 2 a)和福建惠安核电厂址( 4 a)的逐时降水资料的统计与分析 ,估算了我们自己提出的事故冲洗因子确定论计算模式中的重要参数“降水时间份额 FW ,i ”和“降水强度分配比 f W,l ”的数值 ,并在各核电厂址的 FW ,i 和 f W,l 估算值基础上提出了我国滨海厂址的推荐值 :FW,1 =1 .0、 FW,2 =0 .9、 FW,3=0 .7、 FW,4 =0 .3 ;f W ,1 =0 .60、 f W ,2 =0 .2 0、 f W,3=0 .2 0。

降水时间份额和降水强度分配比的取值分析

基于福建惠安和大亚湾两个厂址各两年的逐时降水数据进行统计,估算事故冲洗因子计算公式中的两个参数“降水时间份额FW”和“降水强度分配比fl”的数值,通过分析其取值为FW1=1.0,FW2=0.91,FW3=0.35和FW4=0.28;f1=0.60,f2=0.25和f3=0.15。

基于Vague集的鱼雷研制阶段年度投资分配模型

鱼雷的研制费用在鱼雷整个寿命周期费用中所占比重不大,但研制阶段决定了鱼雷寿命周期费用的绝大部分,因此对鱼雷研制费用的研究可供鱼雷武器管理和决策者作经费计划综合平衡时参考。文章基于Vague集,提出了Vague集模糊熵的构造方法,进而提出了运用Vague集模糊熵进行鱼雷研制阶段年度投资强度分配的新模型。实例表明,该方法具有实用价值。

考虑雨强时间分配的山洪灾害临界雨量的计算

临界雨量的确定是山洪灾害预警系统的关键。由于没有考虑或没有正确考虑降雨强度的时间分配,因此现有方法计算出的临界雨量普遍偏大,致使山洪灾害预警时漏报率很高。本文提出了一种考虑降雨强度时间分配的临界雨量计算方法,以裴河为例,分别计算了降雨强度均匀、线性递增和线性递减3种时间分配模式下的临界雨量,结果表明最适用的降雨强度时间分配模式为线性递增。裴河流域8场洪水的应用结果显示,利用该方法得到的临界雨量,山洪灾害预警的成功率和漏报率均为50%,而利用原假定雨强均匀分配方法得到的临界雨量,山洪灾害预警的成功率和漏报率分别为12%和88%,表明该方法可以显著提高山洪灾害预警的成功率,降低漏报率。

碳额分配和控排企业选定方法的探析——以福建省为例

合理的碳额分配方式和选择控排企业是碳交易市场得以顺利运行的关键。文章基于国内外对碳额分配方式的研究现状,并结合福建省目前实际情况,初步提出两种碳额分配的方式:碳强度分配法及减排额度分配法。此外也提出两种关于如何管控选定企业的方法,分别是按企业排放量总和来定义和依该行业碳强度来确定。

作物产量潜力的5P理论及其研究范畴

在分析世界农业研究的需求、粮食生产现状和作物生理学研究存在的问题的基础上，强调了挖掘作物产量潜力的 ５Ｐ理论的重要性，并根据作物生理学研究的现状，提出了近期 ５Ｐ理论应该研究的重点。

用确定性涡方法模拟二维钝体绕流

以离散涡方法为基础,采用粒子强度交换法模拟涡量扩散方程,对粒子场分布产生扭曲变形时采用粒子强度重分配,数值模拟了突然起动圆柱、风攻角为的方形截面和大海带东桥的流场,计算结果与解析解及其他数值方法计算的结果均吻合的很好,数值结果显示确定性涡方法的高精度的特性使其在模拟钝体扰流问题方面具有很大的优势。

A new braking force distribution strategy for electric vehicle based on regenerative braking strength continuity

Regenerative braking was the process of converting the kinetic energy and potential energy, which were stored in the vehicle body when vehicle braked or went downhill, into electrical energy and storing it into battery. The problem on how to distribute braking forces of front wheel and rear wheel for electric vehicles with four-wheel drive was more complex than that for electric vehicles with front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive. In this work, the frictional braking forces distribution curve of front wheel and rear wheel is determined by optimizing the braking force distribution curve of hydraulic proportional-adjustable valve, and then the safety brake range is obtained correspondingly. A new braking force distribution strategy based on regenerative braking strength continuity is proposed to solve the braking force distribution problem for electric vehicles with four-wheel drive. Highway fuel economy test(HWFET) driving condition is used to provide the speed signals, the braking force equations of front wheel and rear wheel are expressed with linear equations. The feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of the new braking force distribution strategy based on regenerative braking strength continuity are verified by regenerative braking strength simulation curve and braking force distribution simulation curves of front wheel and rear wheel. The proposed strategy is simple in structure, easy to be implemented and worthy being spread.

Intensity Allocation Criteria of Carbon Emissions Permits and Regional Economic Development in China——Based on a 30-Province/Autonomous Region Computable General Equilibrium Model

The intensity allocation criteria of carbon emissions permits and its influence on China＇s regional development are analyzed through the 30-province/autonomous region computable general equilibrium （CGE） model. Simulation results show that： industrial intensity criteria without taking regional economic development into account deepen the unbalance of regional economic development; regional intensity criteria without taking industrial properties into account exert little negative impact on regional harmonious development, but relatively high negative influence on high-carbon emission industries. The two-step allocation scheme that the central government allocates emissions permits to provincial governments based on regional economic development and then provincial governments allocate emissions permits to emission resources or entities based on industrial properties is a feasible and operable choice.

Regional Allocation of CO_2 Intensity Reduction Targets Based on Cluster Analysis

To meet China＇s CO2 intensity target of 40%-45% reduction by 2020 based on the 2005 level, a regional allocation method based on cluster analysis is developed. Thirty Chinese provinces are classified into six groups based on economy, emissions, and reduction potential indicators. Under the equity principle, the two most developed groups axe assigned the highest reduction targets （55% and 65%, respectively）. However, their reduction potent!al is limited. Under the efficiency principle, the two groups with the highest reduction potential take the highest targets （48% and 61%, respectively）, but their economy is relatively backward. When equity and efficiency are equally weighted, the 5th group with a prominent reduction potential takes the highest target （54%）, and the 2nd and the 3rd groups with large industry scales take the second highest target （49%）. However, under all the three allocation schemes, the targets are not greater than 40% for the 4th and the 6th groups, which have a relatively low economic ability, emissions, and reduction potential. Due to inconsistency between economic and reduction potential, corresponding market mechanisms and policy instruments should be established to ensure equity and efficiency of regional target allocation.

碳排放许可的初始分配与区域协调发展——基于多区域CGE模型的模拟分析

本文应用多区域CGE模型,模拟分析了碳排放交易机制下碳排放许可初始分配对区域经济发展的影响。结果显示:(1)碳排放许可采用全部拍卖并将拍卖收入返还给企业的分配方式造成的GDP损失最小,但是会加剧区域经济发展不平衡;(2)免费发放部分采取绝对量标准对区域经济的影响最为明显,但利用这种方式改善区域经济不平衡状况的成本很高;(3)免费发放部分采取强度分配标准对GDP和区域经济不平衡造成的负面影响较小,是较优的碳排放许可初始分配方式。

从x射线粉末数据获得非等效本征重叠衍射的合理衍射强度

提出一种非等效本征重叠衍射强度合理分配的方法———位置待定的原子强度贡献迭代分配法 (IDM UAIC) ,并用已知结构的模拟粉末衍射数据进行了验证 .IDM UAIC利用可靠的晶体学和结构化学知识 ,交替进行结构解析和强度分离 .结果表明 :如果可以通过等效本征重叠足够精确地确定总体散射能力的 30 % ,结构就可能解出 .对于 5 5个 (不含三角晶系用菱形单胞表示的 5种空间群 )强度均分不合理的空间群 ,IDM UAIC具有明显的优越性 ;而对于强度可均分的空间群 ,IDM

No evidence of a generalized potential ‘cost’ of apical dominance for species that have strong apical dominance

When the shoot apical meristem of plants is damaged or removed,fecundity and/or plant growth may suffer(under-compensation),remain unaffected(compensation)or increase(overcompensation).The latter signifies a potential‘cost’of apical dominance.Using natural populations of 19 herbaceous angiosperm species with a conspicuously vertical,apically dominant growth form,we removed(clipped)the shoot apical meristem for replicate plants early in the growing season to test for a potential cost of apical dominance.Clipped and unclipped(control)plants had their near neighbours removed,and were harvested after flowering production had finished but before seed dispersal.Dry mass was measured separately for aboveground body size(shoots),leaves,seeds and fruits;and number of leaves,fruits and seeds per plant were counted.We predicted that:(i)our study species(because of their strong apically dominant growth form)would respond to shoot apical meristem removal with greater branching intensity,and thus overcompensation in terms of fecundity and/or biomass;and(ii)overcompensation is particularly enabled for species that produce smaller but more leaves,and hence with a larger bud bank of axillary meristems available for deployment in branching and/or fruit production.Widely variable compensatory capacities were recorded,and with no significant between-species relationship with leaf size or leafing intensity—thus indicating no generalized potential cost of apical dominance.Overall,the results point to species-specific treatment effects on meristem allocation patterns,and suggest importance for effects involving local variation in resource availability,and between-species variation in phenology,life history traits and susceptibility to herbivory.