试论涉外税收机制的经济机能

试论涉外税收机制的经济机能尹音频【关键词】涉外税收机制，分配机能，调节机能涉外税收是一国税收制度中，以跨国商品、跨国所得以及跨国一般财产价值为征税对象的课税。涉外税收根植于开放经济，又反作用于开放经济。本文试图通过对涉外税收税制经济机能的分析，阐明涉...

Design of a New Type of Distribution Valve for Hydraulic Breaker and Analysis of Energy Consumption

Energy consumed by distribution valves causes an energy loss for the output energy of hydraulic breakers, which has a significant influence on its efficiency. A new type of distribution valve used for hydraulic breakers, de- signed to reduce energy consumption, is analyzed on the basis of the operating principle and energy loss of the current distribution valve. The new distribution valve adopts a cone valve and the optimization technique of unequal open de- gree for the valve port. Theoretical calculations and analyses have proven that the new distribution valve can reduce en- ergy loss by 9.0127J, or energy consumption by 31%, during an impact cycle and the efficiency of the hydraulic breaker can be raised by 4.5%. It has the following characteristics: little leakage, little pressure loss and low energy consump- tion.

Treatment of functional dyspepsia with sertraline:A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM:To evaluate sertraline,a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia.METHODS:Consecutive tertiary hospital patients with a clinical diagnosis of functional dyspepsia(FD) according to the Rome Ⅱ criteria with a Hong Kong dyspepsia index(HKDI) of greater than 16 were recruited.Patients commenced enrolment prior to the inception of the Rome Ⅲ criteria for functional dyspepsia.All patients were ethnic Chinese,had a normal upper endoscopy and were Helicobacter pylori negative prior to enrolment.Study patients were randomized to receive sertraline 50 mg or placebo daily for 8 wk.HKDI symptom scores,quality of life,hospital anxiety and depression(HAD) scale and global symptom relief were evaluated before,during and after treatment.Adverse effects were monitored during and after treatment.RESULTS:A total of 193 patients were randomized in the intention to treat(ITT),and 150 patients were included in the per protocol(PP) analysis.In both the ITT and PP,there was no difference in the primary outcome of global dyspepsia symptoms between the sertraline and placebo groups at week 8.In the ITT analysis,98 and 95 patients were randomized to the sertraline and placebo groups respectively.A total of 43 patients withdrew from the study(22.3%) by week 8,with 23 of the 24 drop-outs in the sertraline group occurring prior to week 4(95.8%).In contrast,in the placebo arm,11 of 19 patients dropped out by week 4(57.9%).Utilizing the last response carried forward to account for the drop-outs,there were no differences between the sertraline and placebo groups at baseline in terms of the HKDI,HKDI 26.08 ± 6.19 vs 26.70 ± 5.89,P = 0.433;and at week 8,HKDI 22.41 ± 6.36 vs 23.25 ± 7.30,P = 0.352 respectively.In the PP analysis,74 and 76 patients were randomized to the sertraline and placebo groups respectively.At baseline,there were no statistically significant differences between the sertraline and placebo groups,HKDI 25.83 ± 6.313 vs 27.19 ± 5.929 respectively,P = 0.233;however by week 8,patients in the sertraline group demonstrated a statistically significant difference in their Hong Kong Dyspepsia Index compared to placebo,HKDI 20.53 ± 6.917 vs 23.34 ± 7.199,P = 0.02,respectively).There was also no statistically significant difference in overall quality of life measures or the HAD scale related to treatment in either the ITT or PP analysis at week 8.CONCLUSION:This pilot study,the first to examine sertraline,a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,for the management of FD,did not find that it was superior to placebo.

A research on Android kernel-memory compiling and scheduling

Android, an open source system exploited by Google, has experienced a rapid development in the past a few years in the field of intelligent mobile because of its advantages-open source and excellent function. The number of professionals and enthusiasts who research on Android is growing rapidly in the same time. Android, as an abstraction between software layer and hardware layer based on Linux kernel, can complete the optimization of system by modifying the kernel part. The purpose of this design is to master the processes of kernel-compiling and transplanting, and to learn the methods of memory scheduling algorithm and kernel menaory test. First of all, this thesis introduces the installation of Linux system, and then, it presents the method to build the environment for Android kernel compiling and the process of compiling. The key point of the design is to introduce the SLAB, SLOB, SLUB, SLQB allocators in memory scheduling, and carry on a research on optimization with these memory allocators. HTC Incredible S, as an experimental mobile phone whose Android kernel version is 2.6.35, is employed to deal with all these tests. A comparison of kernel codes before and after optimization has been made. The two kernel codes have been transplanted into the terminal of the experimental mobile phone, which will be respectively tested with its stability, memory performance and overall performance. Finally, it concludes that result of being transplanted the SLQB memory allocator is the optimal one of all.

Task Assignment Problem of Robots in a Smart Warehouse Environment

The task assignment problem of robots in a smart warehouse environment （TARSWE） based on cargo-to-person is investigated. Firstly, the sites of warehouse robots and the order picking tasks are given and the task assignment problem for picking one order is formulated into a mathematical model to minimize the total operation cost. Then a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the task assignment problem for picking multiple orders. Finally, simulations are done by using the orders data of online bookstore A. The results show that using the heuristic algorithm of this paper to assign robots, the cost was reduced by 2% and it can effectively avoid far route and unbalanced workload of robots. The feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm are verified. The model and algorithm in this paper provide a theoretical basis to solve the TARSWE.

Predicting configuration performance of modular product family using principal component analysis and support vector machine

A novel configuration performance prediction approach with combination of principal component analysis(PCA) and support vector machine(SVM) was proposed.This method can estimate the performance parameter values of a newly configured product through soft computing technique instead of practical test experiments,which helps to evaluate whether or not the product variant can satisfy the customers' individual requirements.The PCA technique was used to reduce and orthogonalize the module parameters that affect the product performance.Then,these extracted features were used as new input variables in SVM model to mine knowledge from the limited existing product data.The performance values of a newly configured product can be predicted by means of the trained SVM models.This PCA-SVM method can ensure that the performance prediction is executed rapidly and accurately,even under the small sample conditions.The applicability of the proposed method was verified on a family of plate electrostatic precipitators.

Effects of Row Spacing on Component, Biomass and Energy of Elymus sibiricus L.

In the study, E. sibiricus L. cv. chuancao No. 2 was allocated to plots in a randomized block design with five row gradients （30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 cm）. At the flowering stage, the root, stem, leaf and inflorescence of population, as well as the quantitative traits of components, biomass structure, accumulation and distribution proportion of energy were measured and analyzed. For different row spacings, there are highly significant differences between total tillers and ratio of fertile tillers per square meter and significant differences among the eustipes length, eustipes number and natural height of each tiller; but there are no significant differences among the leaf length, leaf width and leaf number of each tiller. A significant difference is found between the depth and distribution range of root, inflorescence stalk, and ear number of fertile tillers, and the biomass of leaf, stem, root and inflorescence. The influenced order is stem 〉 leave 〉 root 〉 inflorescence. No significant influence is found among the energy values of single leaf, stem, root and inflorescence; but a significant influence is found among the energy accumulation of the leaf, stem, root and inflorescence with the effect degree being stem 〉 leaf 〉 inflorescence 〉 root. Significant differences are also found among the energy distribution of each component with the order of leaf〉 stem 〉 inflorescence 〉 root.

The Effects of Electroacupuncture at the Heart Meridian on Myocardial Contractile Function in Rabbits with Myocardial Ischemia

Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by intravenous injection of pituitrin, and electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at the Heart and Lung Meridians (HM and LM), 3 points on each meridian. The changes in the left intraventricular pressure (LVP), the maximum rise rate of intraventricular pressure (LVP dp/dtmax), the area of cardiac force loop (ACFL), and the maximum shortening velocity of myocardial contractile element (Vmax) were observed. As a result, there were significant differences in the improvement of LVP, LVP dp/dtmax, ACFL and Vmax between EA at HM and LM. The regulatory action of EA at HM on the myocardial contractile function was significantly better than that of EA at LM, indicating that HM has a close relationship with the myocardial contractile function.……

Analysis of Methodology for the Application of Stratified Random Sampling with Optimum Allocation： The Case Study of Forest Bioenergy

In this paper, analysis of methodology was realized for the application of stratified random sampling with optimum allocation in the case of a subject of research which concerns the rural population and presents high differentiations among the three strata in which this population could be classified. The rural population of Evros Prefecture （Greece） with criterion the mean altitude of settlements was classified in three strata, the mountainous, semi-mountainous and fiat population for the estimation of mean consumption of forest fuelwood for covering of heating and cooking needs in households of these three strata. The analysis of this methodology includes： （1） the determination of total size of sample for entire the rural population and its allocation to the various strata; （2） the investigation of effectiveness of stratification with the technique of analysis of variance （One-Way ANOVA）; （3） the conduct of sampling research with the realization of face-to-face interviews in selected households and （4） the control of forms of the questionnaire and the analysis of data by using the statistical package for social sciences, SPSS for Windows. All data for the analysis of this methodology and its practical application were taken by the pilot sampling which was realized in each stratum. Relative paper was not found by the review of literature.

Production analysis of functionally distributed machines for underground mining

Recent years, underground mining method is becoming popular because of its potentially high productivity and efficiency. In this method, a mining machinery; load haul dump(LHD), is used as both an excavator and a transporter of ore. This paper proposes a distributed system that realizes the excavation and transport functions with separated vehicles, an excavator and a transporter. In addition, this research proposes a mining map and configurations suitable for the proposed distributed system. To evaluate the productivity of the proposed system, a simulation environment has been developed. Analysis using the simulator reveals what performance factors of the excavator and the transporter have large impacts on the productivity. Simulation results also demonstrate the difference of potential between LHD system and the distributed system that can be explained based on their functions allocation.

Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Bioavailability of Field Pea Seeds in Broilers Diets

The aim of this study was to determine the apparent （AME） ＆ true （TMEn） metabolizable energy as well as the crude protein （CP） ＆ amino acid （AA） total tract （by excreta collection） digestibility （bioavailability） of field pea seeds （FPS） of the Greek cultivar ＂Olympos＂. Forty eight broilers were placed in individual cages and randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments. Birds consumed 80 g/d of either a typical commercial diet or the same diet in which 100, 200 or 300 g/kg had been substituted by ground FPS. The experiment lasted 15 d. Apparent and true CP bioavailability of FPS were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） only at the inclusion rate of 300 g/kg. AA bioavailability remained at high levels （-0.80）, with the exception of methionine and valine and was similar to CP mean. The mean AME and TMEn values of FPS were estimated equal to 10.8 and 11.0 MJ ME/kg, respectively.

Effects of the Ganning Formula (肝宁方) on Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the Ganning formula (肝宁方) for the treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 150 patients with liver fibrosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive either the Ganning formula (a Chinese herbal decoction; active treatment group) or oral entecavir (control group) for two 3-month courses. Patients were monitored for any treatment-induced changes in liver function test parameters (ALT, AST, and GGT), liver fibrosis markers (LN, HA, IV-C, and PCIII), HBV DNA level, hepatosplenic imaging, quality of life scores, or psychological and social functioning scores. Patients were also observed for any adverse effects. Results: After treatment, patients in both groups experienced significant improvements in liver function, HBV DNA load, hepatosplenic B-mode ultrasonography, quality of life, and psychological and social functioning (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Patients receiving the Ganning formula achieved greater improvements in HA, IV-C, quality of life, and psychological and social functioning compared with those on entecavir (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were no abnormal changes in blood tests, urine, feces, renal function, or electrocardiogram. Additionally, no adverse effects were observed in any patients in either group. Conclusions: The Ganning formula appears to have the potential to inhibit liver fibrosis and therefore improve liver function by inhibiting HBV replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Additionally, this formula is helpful in improving quality of life and psychological and social functioning.