Objective： The expression of tumor biomarkers may change after chemotherapy. However, whether secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine （SPARC） expression changes after chemotherapy in gastric cancer （GC） is u...Objective： The expression of tumor biomarkers may change after chemotherapy. However, whether secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine （SPARC） expression changes after chemotherapy in gastric cancer （GC） is unclear, qqais study investigated the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression in GC. Methods： Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SPARC expression in 132 GC cases （including 54 cases with preoperative chemotherapy and 78 cases without preoperative chemotherapy）. SPARC expression of postoperative specimens with and without preoperative chemotherapy was assessed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression. Results： SPARC was highly expressed in GC compared with the desmoplastic stroma surrounding tumor cells and noncancerous tissues. High SPAKC expression was correlated with invasion depth, lymph node, and TNM stage. After chemotherapy, a lower proportion of high SPARC expression was observed in patients with preoperative chemotherapy than in the controls. For 54 patients with preoperative chemotherapy; gross type, histology, depth of invasion, lymph node, TNM stage, and SPARC expression were related to overall survival. Further multivariate analysis showed that lymph node, histology, and SPARC expression after chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Conclusiou： SPARC expression may change after chemotherapy in GC. SPARC expression should be reassessed for patients with GC after chemotherapy.展开更多
We give the generalized definitions of variable separable solutions to nonlinear evolution equations, and characterize the relation between the functional separable solution and the derivative-dependent functional sep...We give the generalized definitions of variable separable solutions to nonlinear evolution equations, and characterize the relation between the functional separable solution and the derivative-dependent functional separable solution. The new definitions can unify various kinds of variable separable solutions appearing in references. As application, we classify the generalized nonlinear diffusion equations that admit special functional separable solutions and obtain some exact solutions to the resulting equations.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the ultrasonog raphy (EUS) features of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) as compared with gastric leiomyomas and then to determine the EUS features that could predict malignant GISTs.MET...AIM: To evaluate the ultrasonog raphy (EUS) features of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) as compared with gastric leiomyomas and then to determine the EUS features that could predict malignant GISTs.METHODS: We evaluated the endoscopic EUS features in 53 patients with gastric mesenchymal tumors conf irmed by histopathologic diagnosis. The GISTs were classif ied into benign and malignant groups according to the histological risk classif ication.RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analyses demon-strated 7 leiomyomas and 46 GISTs. Inhomogenicity, hyperechogenic spots, a marginal halo and higher echogenicity as compared with the surrounding muscle layer appeared more frequently in the GISTs than in the leiomyomas (P < 0.05). The presence of at least two of these four features had a sensitivity of 89.1% and a specifi city of 85.7% for predicting GISTs. Except for tumor size and irregularity of the border, most of the EUS features were not helpful for predicting the malignant potential of GISTs. On multivariate analysis, only the maximal diameter of the GISTs was an independent predictor. The optimal size for predicting malignant GISTs was 35 mm. The sensitivity and specificity using this value were 92.3% and 78.8%, respectively.CONCLUSION: EUS may help to differentiate gastric GISTs from gastric leiomyomas. Once GISTs are suspected, surgery should be considered if the size is greater than 3.5 cm.展开更多
Hydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater and their changes as affected by human activities were studied in the Ejin Sub-Basin of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to understand the groundwater evolutio...Hydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater and their changes as affected by human activities were studied in the Ejin Sub-Basin of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to understand the groundwater evolution, to identify the predominant geochemical processes taking place along the horizontal groundwater flow path, and to characterize anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater environment based on previous data. The concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids （TDS） in the groundwater showed a great variation, with 62.5% of the samples being brackish （TDS ≥ 1 000 mg L^-l）. The groundwater system showed a gradual hydro-chemical zonation composed of Na^＋ -HCO3^-, Na^＋ -Mg^2＋ -SO4 ^2 -Cl^-, and Na^＋ -Cl^-. The relationships among the dissolved species allowed identification of the origin of solutes and the processes that generated the observed water compositions. The dissolution of halite, dolomite, and 2- gypsum explained, in part, the presence of Na^＋, K^＋, Cl^-, SO^4 , and Ca^2＋, but other processes, such as mixing, Na^＋ exchange for Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, and calcite precipitation also contributed to the composition of water. Human activity, in particular large-scale water resources development associated with dramatic population growth in the last 50 years, has led to tremendous changes in the groundwater regime, which reflected in surface water runoff change, decline of groundwater table and degeneration of surface water and groundwater quality. Solving these largely anthropogenic problems requires concerted, massive and long-term efforts.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor （Cdx2） in gastric carcinoma （GC） and precancerous lesions. METHODS： The expression of Cdx2 in GC, precancer- ou...AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor （Cdx2） in gastric carcinoma （GC） and precancerous lesions. METHODS： The expression of Cdx2 in GC, precancer- ous lesions and normal gastric mucosa were detected using immunohistochemical method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, alcian blue/periodic acid-schiff and high iron diamine/alcian blue staining were used to classify intestinal metaplasia （IM） and GC. RESULTS： Cdx2 was not detected in normal gas- tric mucosa. Cdx2 expression was detected in 87.1% （101/116） of IM, 50% （36/72） of dysplasia and 48.2% （41/85） of GC. The Cdx2-expressing cells in IM were more prevalent than in dysplasia and carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. There was no relationship between Cdx2 ex- pression and the classification of IM or the degree of dysplasia. Expression of Cdx2 was significantly higher in intestinal-type carcinoma than in diffuse and mixed- type carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. Positive expression of Cdx2was mainly found in moderately to well differentiated GC. There was a negative association between nuclear Cdx2 expression and lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, metastasis stage of GC （P 〈 0.05）. The patients with Cdx2-positive expression showed a higher survival rate than those with Cdx2-negative expression （P = 0.038）. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expres- sion of Cdx2 and lymph node metastasis were indepen- dent prognostic indicators of GC （P 〈 0.05）.展开更多
In this letter, by means of the Lax pair, Darboux transformation, and variable separation approach, a new exact solution of a sixth-order (1+ 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, which includes some arbitrary ...In this letter, by means of the Lax pair, Darboux transformation, and variable separation approach, a new exact solution of a sixth-order (1+ 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, which includes some arbitrary functions,is obtained. Abundant new localized excitations can be found by selecting appropriate functions and they are illustrated both analytically and graphically.展开更多
文摘Objective： The expression of tumor biomarkers may change after chemotherapy. However, whether secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine （SPARC） expression changes after chemotherapy in gastric cancer （GC） is unclear, qqais study investigated the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression in GC. Methods： Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SPARC expression in 132 GC cases （including 54 cases with preoperative chemotherapy and 78 cases without preoperative chemotherapy）. SPARC expression of postoperative specimens with and without preoperative chemotherapy was assessed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression. Results： SPARC was highly expressed in GC compared with the desmoplastic stroma surrounding tumor cells and noncancerous tissues. High SPAKC expression was correlated with invasion depth, lymph node, and TNM stage. After chemotherapy, a lower proportion of high SPARC expression was observed in patients with preoperative chemotherapy than in the controls. For 54 patients with preoperative chemotherapy; gross type, histology, depth of invasion, lymph node, TNM stage, and SPARC expression were related to overall survival. Further multivariate analysis showed that lymph node, histology, and SPARC expression after chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Conclusiou： SPARC expression may change after chemotherapy in GC. SPARC expression should be reassessed for patients with GC after chemotherapy.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10447007 and 10671156the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China under Grant No.2005A13
文摘We give the generalized definitions of variable separable solutions to nonlinear evolution equations, and characterize the relation between the functional separable solution and the derivative-dependent functional separable solution. The new definitions can unify various kinds of variable separable solutions appearing in references. As application, we classify the generalized nonlinear diffusion equations that admit special functional separable solutions and obtain some exact solutions to the resulting equations.
基金Supported by A Medical Research Institute Grant (2008-1)Pusan National University and a grant from the National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family affairs, Republic of Korea (0920050)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the ultrasonog raphy (EUS) features of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) as compared with gastric leiomyomas and then to determine the EUS features that could predict malignant GISTs.METHODS: We evaluated the endoscopic EUS features in 53 patients with gastric mesenchymal tumors conf irmed by histopathologic diagnosis. The GISTs were classif ied into benign and malignant groups according to the histological risk classif ication.RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analyses demon-strated 7 leiomyomas and 46 GISTs. Inhomogenicity, hyperechogenic spots, a marginal halo and higher echogenicity as compared with the surrounding muscle layer appeared more frequently in the GISTs than in the leiomyomas (P < 0.05). The presence of at least two of these four features had a sensitivity of 89.1% and a specifi city of 85.7% for predicting GISTs. Except for tumor size and irregularity of the border, most of the EUS features were not helpful for predicting the malignant potential of GISTs. On multivariate analysis, only the maximal diameter of the GISTs was an independent predictor. The optimal size for predicting malignant GISTs was 35 mm. The sensitivity and specificity using this value were 92.3% and 78.8%, respectively.CONCLUSION: EUS may help to differentiate gastric GISTs from gastric leiomyomas. Once GISTs are suspected, surgery should be considered if the size is greater than 3.5 cm.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40671010 and 40501012).
文摘Hydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater and their changes as affected by human activities were studied in the Ejin Sub-Basin of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to understand the groundwater evolution, to identify the predominant geochemical processes taking place along the horizontal groundwater flow path, and to characterize anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater environment based on previous data. The concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids （TDS） in the groundwater showed a great variation, with 62.5% of the samples being brackish （TDS ≥ 1 000 mg L^-l）. The groundwater system showed a gradual hydro-chemical zonation composed of Na^＋ -HCO3^-, Na^＋ -Mg^2＋ -SO4 ^2 -Cl^-, and Na^＋ -Cl^-. The relationships among the dissolved species allowed identification of the origin of solutes and the processes that generated the observed water compositions. The dissolution of halite, dolomite, and 2- gypsum explained, in part, the presence of Na^＋, K^＋, Cl^-, SO^4 , and Ca^2＋, but other processes, such as mixing, Na^＋ exchange for Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, and calcite precipitation also contributed to the composition of water. Human activity, in particular large-scale water resources development associated with dramatic population growth in the last 50 years, has led to tremendous changes in the groundwater regime, which reflected in surface water runoff change, decline of groundwater table and degeneration of surface water and groundwater quality. Solving these largely anthropogenic problems requires concerted, massive and long-term efforts.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No. 090413118
文摘AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor （Cdx2） in gastric carcinoma （GC） and precancerous lesions. METHODS： The expression of Cdx2 in GC, precancer- ous lesions and normal gastric mucosa were detected using immunohistochemical method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, alcian blue/periodic acid-schiff and high iron diamine/alcian blue staining were used to classify intestinal metaplasia （IM） and GC. RESULTS： Cdx2 was not detected in normal gas- tric mucosa. Cdx2 expression was detected in 87.1% （101/116） of IM, 50% （36/72） of dysplasia and 48.2% （41/85） of GC. The Cdx2-expressing cells in IM were more prevalent than in dysplasia and carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. There was no relationship between Cdx2 ex- pression and the classification of IM or the degree of dysplasia. Expression of Cdx2 was significantly higher in intestinal-type carcinoma than in diffuse and mixed- type carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. Positive expression of Cdx2was mainly found in moderately to well differentiated GC. There was a negative association between nuclear Cdx2 expression and lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, metastasis stage of GC （P 〈 0.05）. The patients with Cdx2-positive expression showed a higher survival rate than those with Cdx2-negative expression （P = 0.038）. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expres- sion of Cdx2 and lymph node metastasis were indepen- dent prognostic indicators of GC （P 〈 0.05）.
文摘In this letter, by means of the Lax pair, Darboux transformation, and variable separation approach, a new exact solution of a sixth-order (1+ 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, which includes some arbitrary functions,is obtained. Abundant new localized excitations can be found by selecting appropriate functions and they are illustrated both analytically and graphically.
