The molecular phylogeny of the Lardizabalaceae is reconstructed based on chloroplast trn L_F sequences alone and combined trn L_F and rbc L sequences. The phylogenetic topologies agree well with Qin's and...The molecular phylogeny of the Lardizabalaceae is reconstructed based on chloroplast trn L_F sequences alone and combined trn L_F and rbc L sequences. The phylogenetic topologies agree well with Qin's and Takhtajan's tribal classification in both analyses. Decaisneae and Sinofranchetieae are basal clades in the phylogenetic trees and external to all other taxa in the family. Lardizabaleae consisting of Boquila and Lardizabala are well supported in both trn L_F (100%) analysis and trn L_F and rbc L combined analysis (99%). Tribe Akebieae are strongly supported by a bootstrap value of 100% in both trn L_F analysis and trn L_F and rbc L combined analysis. However, the new genus Archakebia is nested within the genus Akebia in the trn L_F trees. In the combined trees, Archakebia is sister to Akebia with high bootstrap support. The inter_relationships among three closely related genera Parvatia , Holboellia and Stauntonia are still problematic. P. brunoniana ssp. elliptica is sister to H. latifolia in both analyses with low bootstrap support. H. parviflora is nested within the Stauntonia and sister to S. cavalerieana . Therefore, these three genera of tribe Akebieae may not be monophylytic and their generic boundary and delimitation need to be further studied, by exploring more molecular data, together with more morphological characters.展开更多
The frequency–space(f–x) empirical mode decomposition(EMD) denoising method has two limitations when applied to nonstationary seismic data. First, subtracting the first intrinsic mode function(IMF) results in ...The frequency–space(f–x) empirical mode decomposition(EMD) denoising method has two limitations when applied to nonstationary seismic data. First, subtracting the first intrinsic mode function(IMF) results in signal damage and limited denoising. Second, decomposing the real and imaginary parts of complex data may lead to inconsistent decomposition numbers. Thus, we propose a new method named f–x spatial projection-based complex empirical mode decomposition(CEMD) prediction filtering. The proposed approach directly decomposes complex seismic data into a series of complex IMFs(CIMFs) using the spatial projection-based CEMD algorithm and then applies f–x predictive filtering to the stationary CIMFs to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Synthetic and real data examples were used to demonstrate the performance of the new method in random noise attenuation and seismic signal preservation.展开更多
Phylogenetic relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were estimated based on nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F. Twenty-five species were sampled, representing 24 genera of al...Phylogenetic relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were estimated based on nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F. Twenty-five species were sampled, representing 24 genera of all eight families of the 'higher' hamamelids. A parsimony analysis of data set indicated that the 'higher' hamamelids formed a strongly supported clade with 100% bootstrap value in the strict consensus tree. Nothofagus was the basal lineage and the Fagaceae was sister to a well-supported core 'higher' hamamelids clade containing Myricaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Juglandaceae, Casuarinaceae, Ticodendraceae and Betulaceae. Three clades were recognized in the core ' higher' hamamelids: (1) Casuatina ( Ticodendron, ( Betu-laceae)), (2) Juglandaceae-Rhoipteleaceae, and (3) Myricaceae. Compared with the previous studies, familial relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were better resolved.展开更多
The crossed beams scattering dynamics of the F+HD→HF+D reaction have been studied at collision energies ranging from 8.19 k J/tool to 18.98 k J/tool using the high resolution H-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight m...The crossed beams scattering dynamics of the F+HD→HF+D reaction have been studied at collision energies ranging from 8.19 k J/tool to 18.98 k J/tool using the high resolution H-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method. Product rotational state-resolved differential cross sections have been measured. Most of the DF products are backward scattered at low collision energies and then gradually shift to the sideway as the collision energy increases. In addition to the backward and sideway scatterings, we have also observed the DF(v'=4) product in the forward direction for the first time for this reaction. The forward scattering DF(v=4) product also increases with the collision energy. Angular and collision energy dependence of the product energy disposals in different degrees of freedom have been determined. Collision energy dependence of the vibrational branching ratios has also been examined. Possible dynamical origins of the forward scattering DF(v'=4) products were discussed.展开更多
Radon transform is to use the speed difference between primary wave and multiple wave to focus the difference on different"points"or"lines"in Radon domain,so as to suppress multiple wave.However,th...Radon transform is to use the speed difference between primary wave and multiple wave to focus the difference on different"points"or"lines"in Radon domain,so as to suppress multiple wave.However,the limited migration aperture,discrete sampling,and AVO characteristics of seismic data all will weaken the focusing characteristics of Radon transform.In addition,the traditional Radon transform does not take into account the AVO characteristics of seismic data,and uses L1 Norm,the approximate form of L0 Norm,to improve the focusing characteristics of Radon domain,which requires a lot of computation.In this paper,we combine orthogonal polynomials with the parabolic Radon transform(PRT)and find that the AVO characteristics of seismic data can be fitted with orthogonal polynomial coefficients.This allows the problem to be transformed into the frequency domain by Fourier transform and introduces a new variable,lambda,combining frequency and curvature.Through overall sampling of lambda,the PRT operator only needs to be calculated once for each frequency,yielding higher computational efficiency.The sparse solution of PRT under the constraints of the smoothed L0 Norm(SL0)obtained by the steepest descent method and the gradient projection principle.Synthetic and real examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed method has This method has advantages in improving the Radon focusing characteristics than does the PRT based on L1 norm.展开更多
[ Objective] The study was to clone HN and F genes from GX1 strain of goose paramyxovirus and analyze their sequences. [ Method] According to the full nucleotide sequence of GPV-SF02 strain of goose paramyxovirus, two...[ Objective] The study was to clone HN and F genes from GX1 strain of goose paramyxovirus and analyze their sequences. [ Method] According to the full nucleotide sequence of GPV-SF02 strain of goose paramyxovirus, two pairs of pdmers were designed to amplify the HN and F genes from GX1 strain of goose paramyxovirus isolated from diseased goose in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; the amplified products were ligated into pMD18-T vector and sequenced. [ Result ] HN and F genes of this strain tested were 1 716 and 1 662 bp in full nucleotide length, respectively; both showed the homologues of about 97.3% with GPV- SF02 strain, of 80.3% -97.5% with strains LaSota, F48E9 and JS, of just 84.8% with Miyadera strain. [ Conclusion] The results show that isolated strain BX1 matches to virulent APMV-1 strain, belonging to genotype Ⅶ of APMV-1 strain.展开更多
The dynamics of F+HD→HF+D reaction has been studied at ten collision energies ranging from 5.43 kJ/mol to 18.73 kJ/mol using high-resolution H/D atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method. Product vibrational and r...The dynamics of F+HD→HF+D reaction has been studied at ten collision energies ranging from 5.43 kJ/mol to 18.73 kJ/mol using high-resolution H/D atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method. Product vibrational and rotational state-resolved differential cross sections have been determined. The intensity of the HF(v1=2) forward products decreases as the collision energy increases, suggesting that the resonance contribution is reduced as the collision energy increases. The forward peak of HF(vl=3) product has also been observed above the threshold of this product channel. Product energy disposals in different degrees of freedom have been analyzed. The collision energy dependence of the HF vibrational product branching was also determined. This work presents a comprehensive dynamic picture of this resonance mediated reaction in a wide collision energy regime, providing a good test ground for theoretical understandings of this interesting reaction at higher collision energies.展开更多
F–Fe/TiO_2 composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and then characterized by XRD, XPS and UV–Vis DRS. The catalyst of F–Fe/TiO_2 exhibited the highest photodegradation rate ...F–Fe/TiO_2 composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and then characterized by XRD, XPS and UV–Vis DRS. The catalyst of F–Fe/TiO_2 exhibited the highest photodegradation rate for phenol as compared with pure TiO_2, F/TiO_2, Fe/TiO_2, F0.38–Fe0.13–TiO_2 and Fe(III)/F-TiO_2 under visible light irradiation. The simulated conditions of industrial phenolic wastewater including initial phenol concentration,visible light intensity, p H and different anions were investigated in the presence of F–Fe/TiO_2 photocatalyst. In addition, as expected, the F–Fe/TiO_2 photocatalyst displayed excellent stability, showing a potential industrial application for the treatment of phenolic wastewater.展开更多
F-rough integrals is defined on the basis of the dual of function one direction S-rough sets,which has dynamic characteristics.Using F-rough integrals,the concepts of expansion measurement-expansion degree and expansi...F-rough integrals is defined on the basis of the dual of function one direction S-rough sets,which has dynamic characteristics.Using F-rough integrals,the concepts of expansion measurement-expansion degree and expansion ratio are given.By expansion degree and expansion ratio the changing extent can be expressed with numbers,and the recognition principle of attribute effect on function equivalences is got.展开更多
The radical-molecule reaction F+propene (CH2CHCH3) was studied in detail by using the Becke's three parameter Lee-Yang-Parr-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and coupled cluster with single, double, and triple excitationsCCSD(...The radical-molecule reaction F+propene (CH2CHCH3) was studied in detail by using the Becke's three parameter Lee-Yang-Parr-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and coupled cluster with single, double, and triple excitationsCCSD(T)/6-311+G(2d,2p). It is shown that F+propene reaction mainly occurs through complex-formation mechanism: F attacks the double bond of propene leading to the formation of complex 1 and complex 2. As the two radical complexes are metastable, they can quickly dissociate to H+C3HsF, CH3+C2H3F and HF+C3H5. Based on the ab initio calculations, the CH3+C2H3F is the main channel, and the H elimination and HF forming channels also provide some contribution to products. The calculated values are in good agreement with the recently reported experimental results.展开更多
Conventional f-x empirical mode decomposition(EMD) is an effective random noise attenuation method for use with seismic profiles mainly containing horizontal events.However,when a seismic event is not horizontal,the...Conventional f-x empirical mode decomposition(EMD) is an effective random noise attenuation method for use with seismic profiles mainly containing horizontal events.However,when a seismic event is not horizontal,the use of f-x EMD is harmful to most useful signals.Based on the framework of f-x EMD,this study proposes an improved denoising approach that retrieves lost useful signals by detecting effective signal points in a noise section using local similarity and then designing a weighting operator for retrieving signals.Compared with conventional f-x EMD,f-x predictive filtering,and f-x empirical mode decomposition predictive filtering,the new approach can preserve more useful signals and obtain a relatively cleaner denoised image.Synthetic and field data examples are shown as test performances of the proposed approach,thereby verifying the effectiveness of this method.展开更多
Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode...Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.展开更多
An improved denoising method and its application in pulse beat signal denoising are studied.The proposed denoising algorithm takes the advantages of local mean decomposition(LMD)and time-frequency peak filtering(TFPF)...An improved denoising method and its application in pulse beat signal denoising are studied.The proposed denoising algorithm takes the advantages of local mean decomposition(LMD)and time-frequency peak filtering(TFPF),called L-T algorithm.As a classical time-frequency filtering method,TFPF can effectively suppress random noise with signal amplitude retained when selecting a longer window length,while the signal amplitude will be seriously attenuated when selecting a shorter window length.In order to maintain effective signal amplitude and suppress random noise,LMD and TFPF are improved.Firstly,the original signal is decomposed into progression-free survival(PFS)by LMD,and then the standard error of mean(SEM)of each product function is calculated to classify many PFSs into useful component,mixed component and noise component.Secondly,by using the shorter window TFPF for useful component and the longer window TFPF for mixed component,noise component is removed and the final signal is obtained after reconstruction.Finally,the proposed algorithm is used for noise reduction of an Fabry-Perot(F-P)pressure sensor.Experimental results show that compared with traditional wavelet,L-T algorithm has better denoising effect on sampled data.展开更多
Objective: To directionally clone the ompl gene fromChlamydia trachomatis (Ct) F genotype onto a plasmid vectorfor constructing a rudimentary DNA vaccine. Methods: The complete ompl gene from genomic DNA of CtF genoty...Objective: To directionally clone the ompl gene fromChlamydia trachomatis (Ct) F genotype onto a plasmid vectorfor constructing a rudimentary DNA vaccine. Methods: The complete ompl gene from genomic DNA of CtF genotype wild species was amplified with primers designedby computer. The recombinant gene was obtained byrestriction enzyme cutting, linking the gene with the plasmidvector in vitro, transforming the recombinant gene intobacteria, and extracting the DNA from the bacteria. Results: DNA extracted from the bacteria was composed ofthe ompl gene and plasmid, which is identified by threemethods of singular restrictive enzyme cutting, doublerestrictive enzyme cutting and PCR. Conclusion: Cloning of the ompl gene from the Ct Fgenotype means that a rudimentary DNA vaccine wassuccessfully constructed.展开更多
文摘The molecular phylogeny of the Lardizabalaceae is reconstructed based on chloroplast trn L_F sequences alone and combined trn L_F and rbc L sequences. The phylogenetic topologies agree well with Qin's and Takhtajan's tribal classification in both analyses. Decaisneae and Sinofranchetieae are basal clades in the phylogenetic trees and external to all other taxa in the family. Lardizabaleae consisting of Boquila and Lardizabala are well supported in both trn L_F (100%) analysis and trn L_F and rbc L combined analysis (99%). Tribe Akebieae are strongly supported by a bootstrap value of 100% in both trn L_F analysis and trn L_F and rbc L combined analysis. However, the new genus Archakebia is nested within the genus Akebia in the trn L_F trees. In the combined trees, Archakebia is sister to Akebia with high bootstrap support. The inter_relationships among three closely related genera Parvatia , Holboellia and Stauntonia are still problematic. P. brunoniana ssp. elliptica is sister to H. latifolia in both analyses with low bootstrap support. H. parviflora is nested within the Stauntonia and sister to S. cavalerieana . Therefore, these three genera of tribe Akebieae may not be monophylytic and their generic boundary and delimitation need to be further studied, by exploring more molecular data, together with more morphological characters.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.41174117)the Major National Science and Technology Projects(No.2011ZX05031–001)
文摘The frequency–space(f–x) empirical mode decomposition(EMD) denoising method has two limitations when applied to nonstationary seismic data. First, subtracting the first intrinsic mode function(IMF) results in signal damage and limited denoising. Second, decomposing the real and imaginary parts of complex data may lead to inconsistent decomposition numbers. Thus, we propose a new method named f–x spatial projection-based complex empirical mode decomposition(CEMD) prediction filtering. The proposed approach directly decomposes complex seismic data into a series of complex IMFs(CIMFs) using the spatial projection-based CEMD algorithm and then applies f–x predictive filtering to the stationary CIMFs to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Synthetic and real data examples were used to demonstrate the performance of the new method in random noise attenuation and seismic signal preservation.
文摘Phylogenetic relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were estimated based on nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F. Twenty-five species were sampled, representing 24 genera of all eight families of the 'higher' hamamelids. A parsimony analysis of data set indicated that the 'higher' hamamelids formed a strongly supported clade with 100% bootstrap value in the strict consensus tree. Nothofagus was the basal lineage and the Fagaceae was sister to a well-supported core 'higher' hamamelids clade containing Myricaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Juglandaceae, Casuarinaceae, Ticodendraceae and Betulaceae. Three clades were recognized in the core ' higher' hamamelids: (1) Casuatina ( Ticodendron, ( Betu-laceae)), (2) Juglandaceae-Rhoipteleaceae, and (3) Myricaceae. Compared with the previous studies, familial relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were better resolved.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘The crossed beams scattering dynamics of the F+HD→HF+D reaction have been studied at collision energies ranging from 8.19 k J/tool to 18.98 k J/tool using the high resolution H-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method. Product rotational state-resolved differential cross sections have been measured. Most of the DF products are backward scattered at low collision energies and then gradually shift to the sideway as the collision energy increases. In addition to the backward and sideway scatterings, we have also observed the DF(v'=4) product in the forward direction for the first time for this reaction. The forward scattering DF(v=4) product also increases with the collision energy. Angular and collision energy dependence of the product energy disposals in different degrees of freedom have been determined. Collision energy dependence of the vibrational branching ratios has also been examined. Possible dynamical origins of the forward scattering DF(v'=4) products were discussed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41774133)major national science and technology projects(No.2016ZX05024-003 and 2016ZX05026-002-002)the talent introduction project of China University of Petroleum(East China)(No.20180041)
文摘Radon transform is to use the speed difference between primary wave and multiple wave to focus the difference on different"points"or"lines"in Radon domain,so as to suppress multiple wave.However,the limited migration aperture,discrete sampling,and AVO characteristics of seismic data all will weaken the focusing characteristics of Radon transform.In addition,the traditional Radon transform does not take into account the AVO characteristics of seismic data,and uses L1 Norm,the approximate form of L0 Norm,to improve the focusing characteristics of Radon domain,which requires a lot of computation.In this paper,we combine orthogonal polynomials with the parabolic Radon transform(PRT)and find that the AVO characteristics of seismic data can be fitted with orthogonal polynomial coefficients.This allows the problem to be transformed into the frequency domain by Fourier transform and introduces a new variable,lambda,combining frequency and curvature.Through overall sampling of lambda,the PRT operator only needs to be calculated once for each frequency,yielding higher computational efficiency.The sparse solution of PRT under the constraints of the smoothed L0 Norm(SL0)obtained by the steepest descent method and the gradient projection principle.Synthetic and real examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed method has This method has advantages in improving the Radon focusing characteristics than does the PRT based on L1 norm.
基金Supported by the Development Program for Guangxi Science andTechnology(0719004-3G)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study was to clone HN and F genes from GX1 strain of goose paramyxovirus and analyze their sequences. [ Method] According to the full nucleotide sequence of GPV-SF02 strain of goose paramyxovirus, two pairs of pdmers were designed to amplify the HN and F genes from GX1 strain of goose paramyxovirus isolated from diseased goose in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; the amplified products were ligated into pMD18-T vector and sequenced. [ Result ] HN and F genes of this strain tested were 1 716 and 1 662 bp in full nucleotide length, respectively; both showed the homologues of about 97.3% with GPV- SF02 strain, of 80.3% -97.5% with strains LaSota, F48E9 and JS, of just 84.8% with Miyadera strain. [ Conclusion] The results show that isolated strain BX1 matches to virulent APMV-1 strain, belonging to genotype Ⅶ of APMV-1 strain.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘The dynamics of F+HD→HF+D reaction has been studied at ten collision energies ranging from 5.43 kJ/mol to 18.73 kJ/mol using high-resolution H/D atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight method. Product vibrational and rotational state-resolved differential cross sections have been determined. The intensity of the HF(v1=2) forward products decreases as the collision energy increases, suggesting that the resonance contribution is reduced as the collision energy increases. The forward peak of HF(vl=3) product has also been observed above the threshold of this product channel. Product energy disposals in different degrees of freedom have been analyzed. The collision energy dependence of the HF vibrational product branching was also determined. This work presents a comprehensive dynamic picture of this resonance mediated reaction in a wide collision energy regime, providing a good test ground for theoretical understandings of this interesting reaction at higher collision energies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.21276125,21476108,20876077)the Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘F–Fe/TiO_2 composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and then characterized by XRD, XPS and UV–Vis DRS. The catalyst of F–Fe/TiO_2 exhibited the highest photodegradation rate for phenol as compared with pure TiO_2, F/TiO_2, Fe/TiO_2, F0.38–Fe0.13–TiO_2 and Fe(III)/F-TiO_2 under visible light irradiation. The simulated conditions of industrial phenolic wastewater including initial phenol concentration,visible light intensity, p H and different anions were investigated in the presence of F–Fe/TiO_2 photocatalyst. In addition, as expected, the F–Fe/TiO_2 photocatalyst displayed excellent stability, showing a potential industrial application for the treatment of phenolic wastewater.
基金Supported by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation-funded Projects(ZR2010AL019)
文摘F-rough integrals is defined on the basis of the dual of function one direction S-rough sets,which has dynamic characteristics.Using F-rough integrals,the concepts of expansion measurement-expansion degree and expansion ratio are given.By expansion degree and expansion ratio the changing extent can be expressed with numbers,and the recognition principle of attribute effect on function equivalences is got.
基金Ⅴ. ACKN0WLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20328304, No.10574068, No.20533060 and No.20525313).
文摘The radical-molecule reaction F+propene (CH2CHCH3) was studied in detail by using the Becke's three parameter Lee-Yang-Parr-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and coupled cluster with single, double, and triple excitationsCCSD(T)/6-311+G(2d,2p). It is shown that F+propene reaction mainly occurs through complex-formation mechanism: F attacks the double bond of propene leading to the formation of complex 1 and complex 2. As the two radical complexes are metastable, they can quickly dissociate to H+C3HsF, CH3+C2H3F and HF+C3H5. Based on the ab initio calculations, the CH3+C2H3F is the main channel, and the H elimination and HF forming channels also provide some contribution to products. The calculated values are in good agreement with the recently reported experimental results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41274137)the National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploration
文摘Conventional f-x empirical mode decomposition(EMD) is an effective random noise attenuation method for use with seismic profiles mainly containing horizontal events.However,when a seismic event is not horizontal,the use of f-x EMD is harmful to most useful signals.Based on the framework of f-x EMD,this study proposes an improved denoising approach that retrieves lost useful signals by detecting effective signal points in a noise section using local similarity and then designing a weighting operator for retrieving signals.Compared with conventional f-x EMD,f-x predictive filtering,and f-x empirical mode decomposition predictive filtering,the new approach can preserve more useful signals and obtain a relatively cleaner denoised image.Synthetic and field data examples are shown as test performances of the proposed approach,thereby verifying the effectiveness of this method.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(41375156)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(S2013010013265)+2 种基金Special R&D fund for research institutes(2014EG137243)National Key Project of Basic Research(2011CB403403)Science and Technology Planning Project for Guangdong Province(2012A061400012)
文摘Particle number size distribution(PNSD) between 10 nm and 20 μm were measured in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region in winter 2011.The average particle number concentration of the nucleation mode(10-20 nm),Aitken mode(20-100 nm),accumulation mode(100 nm-1μm) and coarse mode(1-20 μm) particles were 1 552,7 470,4 012,and 19 cm-3,respectively.The volume concentration of accumulation mode particles with peak at 300 nm accounted for over 70% of the total volume concentration.Diurnal variations and dependencies on meteorological parameters of PNSD were investigated.The diurnal variation of nucleation mode particles was mainly influenced by new particle formation events,while the diurnal variation of Aitken mode particles correlated to the traffic emission and the growth process of nucleation mode particles.When the PRD region was controlled by a cold high pressure,conditions of low relative humidity,high wind speed and strong radiation are favorable for the occurrence of new particle formation(NPF) events.The frequency of occurrence of NPF events was 21.3% during the whole measurement period.Parameters describing NPF events,including growth rate(GR) and source rate of condensable vapor(Q),were slightly larger than those in previous literature.This suggests that intense photochemical and biological activities may be the source of condensable vapor for particle growth,even during winter in the PRD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51467009)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.51400000)。
文摘An improved denoising method and its application in pulse beat signal denoising are studied.The proposed denoising algorithm takes the advantages of local mean decomposition(LMD)and time-frequency peak filtering(TFPF),called L-T algorithm.As a classical time-frequency filtering method,TFPF can effectively suppress random noise with signal amplitude retained when selecting a longer window length,while the signal amplitude will be seriously attenuated when selecting a shorter window length.In order to maintain effective signal amplitude and suppress random noise,LMD and TFPF are improved.Firstly,the original signal is decomposed into progression-free survival(PFS)by LMD,and then the standard error of mean(SEM)of each product function is calculated to classify many PFSs into useful component,mixed component and noise component.Secondly,by using the shorter window TFPF for useful component and the longer window TFPF for mixed component,noise component is removed and the final signal is obtained after reconstruction.Finally,the proposed algorithm is used for noise reduction of an Fabry-Perot(F-P)pressure sensor.Experimental results show that compared with traditional wavelet,L-T algorithm has better denoising effect on sampled data.
文摘Objective: To directionally clone the ompl gene fromChlamydia trachomatis (Ct) F genotype onto a plasmid vectorfor constructing a rudimentary DNA vaccine. Methods: The complete ompl gene from genomic DNA of CtF genotype wild species was amplified with primers designedby computer. The recombinant gene was obtained byrestriction enzyme cutting, linking the gene with the plasmidvector in vitro, transforming the recombinant gene intobacteria, and extracting the DNA from the bacteria. Results: DNA extracted from the bacteria was composed ofthe ompl gene and plasmid, which is identified by threemethods of singular restrictive enzyme cutting, doublerestrictive enzyme cutting and PCR. Conclusion: Cloning of the ompl gene from the Ct Fgenotype means that a rudimentary DNA vaccine wassuccessfully constructed.