Restriction site amplified polymorphism (RSAP) was used, for the first time, to analyze the genetic structure and diversity of four, mainly cultivated, varieties of the brown alga, Saccharina japonica. Eighty-eight sa...Restriction site amplified polymorphism (RSAP) was used, for the first time, to analyze the genetic structure and diversity of four, mainly cultivated, varieties of the brown alga, Saccharina japonica. Eighty-eight samples from varieties "Rongfu", "Fujian", "Ailunwan" and "Shengchanzhong" were used for the genetic analyses. One hundred and ninety-eight bands were obtained using eight combinations of primers. One hundred and ninety-one (96.46%) were polymorphic bands. Nei's genetic diversity was 0.360, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.357. No inbreeding-type recession was found in the four brown alga varieties and the results of the "Ailunwan" variety using samples from 2 years showed that the variety was becoming less diverse during the selection inherent in the breeding program. Genetic diversity and cluster analyses results were consistent with these genetic relationships. The results show the RSAP method is suitable for genetic analysis. Continuous inbreeding and selection could reduce the genetic diversity effectively; therefore periodical supervision is required.展开更多
Objective:Nephron-sparing surgery(NSS) for small renal masses offers a similar functional and oncological outcome to that of radical surgery.Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(LESS) emerges as an advanced alternativ...Objective:Nephron-sparing surgery(NSS) for small renal masses offers a similar functional and oncological outcome to that of radical surgery.Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(LESS) emerges as an advanced alternative for reduced invasiveness and improves cosmesis;LESS is developing quickly and its indications have been expanded,but still in its infancy.The aim of this paper is to report our preliminary experience in transumbilical LESS partial nephrectomy(LESS-PN),so as to assess its utility, safety and efficacy.Methods:From August 2009 to October 2010,3 patients underwent transumbilical LESS-PN via a novel multi-channel TriPort by a single experienced urologist in our institution.Patient demographics,perioperative and follow-up data were prospectively collected and analyzed.Results:All the three procedures were successfully completed.A 5-mm ancillary trocar was utilized in all 3 cases.The mean operative duration was 226.3(210-254 min) with an estimated blood loss of 56.7 ml (20-100 ml).Mean warm ischemia time was 35.7 min(19-48 min).One patient was transfused due to postoperative bleeding. The recovery was uneventful and mean length of postoperative stay was 13 days(12-14 days).At the latest follow-up,all patients remained symptom-free and had normal renal function without evidence of recurrence,and they were delighted for a hidden transumbilical scar.Conclusion:Transumbilical LESS-PN is a feasible and safe procedure albeit extremely technically challenging.Surgical outcomes at a median follow-up of 2 years are promising,while currently it should be reserved for highly selected patients with favorable tumor anatomy and performed by a very experienced laparoscopic surgeon.展开更多
Many sources of stress cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which elicits the unfolded protein response(UPR) to either promote cell survival or programmed cell death depen...Many sources of stress cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which elicits the unfolded protein response(UPR) to either promote cell survival or programmed cell death depending on different developmental context or stress severity. The Arabidopsis membrane-associated transcription factor, b ZIP28, is the functional equivalent of mammalian ATF6, which relocates from the ER to the Golgi where it is proteolytically processed and released from the membrane to the nucleus to mediate the UPR. Although the canonical site-1 protease(S1P) cleavage site on the ER lumen-facing domain is well conserved between b ZIP28 and ATF6, the importance of S1 P cleavage on b ZIP28 has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we provide genetic evidence that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, on the lumen-facing domain of bZ IP28 is critical for the biological function of b ZIP28 under ER stress condition. Further biochemistry and cell biology studies demonstrated that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, is required for proteolytic processing and nuclear relocation of b ZIP28 in response to ER stress. Our results reveal that S1 P cleavage site plays a pivotal role in activation and function of b ZIP28 during UPR in plants.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sector(No.200805075)the Shandong Foundation for Development of Scienceand Technology, China (No.2007GG10005018)+2 种基金the Genetically Modified Organism Technology Major Project (No.2009ZX08009-100B)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program) (Nos.2010AA10A401,2012AA10A406)the National Agricultural Transformation (No.2010GB23600666)
文摘Restriction site amplified polymorphism (RSAP) was used, for the first time, to analyze the genetic structure and diversity of four, mainly cultivated, varieties of the brown alga, Saccharina japonica. Eighty-eight samples from varieties "Rongfu", "Fujian", "Ailunwan" and "Shengchanzhong" were used for the genetic analyses. One hundred and ninety-eight bands were obtained using eight combinations of primers. One hundred and ninety-one (96.46%) were polymorphic bands. Nei's genetic diversity was 0.360, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.357. No inbreeding-type recession was found in the four brown alga varieties and the results of the "Ailunwan" variety using samples from 2 years showed that the variety was becoming less diverse during the selection inherent in the breeding program. Genetic diversity and cluster analyses results were consistent with these genetic relationships. The results show the RSAP method is suitable for genetic analysis. Continuous inbreeding and selection could reduce the genetic diversity effectively; therefore periodical supervision is required.
基金Supported by the Military Major Project for Clinical High-tech and Innovative Technology of China(2010gxjs057)the Municipal Hospitals' Project for Emerging and Frontier Technology of Shanghai(SHDC12010115)the Project for the Key Discipline of Shanghai
文摘Objective:Nephron-sparing surgery(NSS) for small renal masses offers a similar functional and oncological outcome to that of radical surgery.Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery(LESS) emerges as an advanced alternative for reduced invasiveness and improves cosmesis;LESS is developing quickly and its indications have been expanded,but still in its infancy.The aim of this paper is to report our preliminary experience in transumbilical LESS partial nephrectomy(LESS-PN),so as to assess its utility, safety and efficacy.Methods:From August 2009 to October 2010,3 patients underwent transumbilical LESS-PN via a novel multi-channel TriPort by a single experienced urologist in our institution.Patient demographics,perioperative and follow-up data were prospectively collected and analyzed.Results:All the three procedures were successfully completed.A 5-mm ancillary trocar was utilized in all 3 cases.The mean operative duration was 226.3(210-254 min) with an estimated blood loss of 56.7 ml (20-100 ml).Mean warm ischemia time was 35.7 min(19-48 min).One patient was transfused due to postoperative bleeding. The recovery was uneventful and mean length of postoperative stay was 13 days(12-14 days).At the latest follow-up,all patients remained symptom-free and had normal renal function without evidence of recurrence,and they were delighted for a hidden transumbilical scar.Conclusion:Transumbilical LESS-PN is a feasible and safe procedure albeit extremely technically challenging.Surgical outcomes at a median follow-up of 2 years are promising,while currently it should be reserved for highly selected patients with favorable tumor anatomy and performed by a very experienced laparoscopic surgeon.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2012CB910500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171157,31222008)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20130071110011)
文摘Many sources of stress cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which elicits the unfolded protein response(UPR) to either promote cell survival or programmed cell death depending on different developmental context or stress severity. The Arabidopsis membrane-associated transcription factor, b ZIP28, is the functional equivalent of mammalian ATF6, which relocates from the ER to the Golgi where it is proteolytically processed and released from the membrane to the nucleus to mediate the UPR. Although the canonical site-1 protease(S1P) cleavage site on the ER lumen-facing domain is well conserved between b ZIP28 and ATF6, the importance of S1 P cleavage on b ZIP28 has not been experimentally demonstrated. Here we provide genetic evidence that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, on the lumen-facing domain of bZ IP28 is critical for the biological function of b ZIP28 under ER stress condition. Further biochemistry and cell biology studies demonstrated that the RRIL573 site, but not the RVLM373 site, is required for proteolytic processing and nuclear relocation of b ZIP28 in response to ER stress. Our results reveal that S1 P cleavage site plays a pivotal role in activation and function of b ZIP28 during UPR in plants.
