与水平风切变强度不均匀相联系的CISK惯性重力波

在虚拟高度坐标系中,用一个简单的线性模式初步研究了水平风切变强度不均匀分布对长江流域梅雨锋附近贯穿整个对流层的深厚惯性重力波发生发展的影响。结果表明:水平风切变强度不均匀对CISK惯性重力波不稳定有重要作用。在一般干的层结大气中,实际可能出现再强的水平风切变的影响也难以使惯性重力波变得不稳定;只有在积云对流潜热参与,原为弱稳定条件下,水平风切变强度不均匀能促使低空急流北侧不稳定扰动的发生发展。而水平风切变强度不均匀对不稳定贡献最大的区域是梅雨锋南侧的急流轴附近。

江淮切变线强度的定量化描述方法研究

从气象观测事实和物理的角度出发,定义了一种江淮切变线强度的定量化的表征方法,即综合与降水关系密切的切变涡度和散度形成能客观近似地刻画切变线附近切变强度的指标量S i=∂u∂y+∂v∂y。并在此基础上利用再分析资料和实况降水资料分析切变强度与对应降水量之间的关系,分析表明:强切变强度区域与降水雨带有明显的对应关系,降水区往往与强切变强度区域相一致或是比强切变强度区域略偏南;证实了切变强度与降水强度有正相关关系的事实,当切变强度S i=∂u∂y+∂v∂y≤-5×10-5 s-1时,对应区域6 h累积降水量超过10 mm,甚至达到30 mm。

基于自适应多尺度的梯度搜索风切变预警算法研究

新一代多普勒天气雷达(China new generation radar,CINRAD)主要依据单尺度的径向、切向速度梯度或者是两者合成的结果探测风切变,容易产生漏报。针对此问题,提出了基于自适应多尺度的梯度搜索风切变预警算法。该算法的核心思想是进行多个自适应尺度的速度梯度拟合。首先,计算多个尺度下最大风切变强度因子,取较大因子值对应的尺度为自适应尺度。其次,在径向上以自适应尺度进行最小二乘速度梯度拟合。最后,以国际上规定的低空风切变阈值搜索速度梯度,并合并切变段给予预警。采用东北空管局提供的新一代多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD-CD)真实数据进行实验。结果表明新方法能够检测出所有尺度类型的风切变,提高了风切变预警率,具有一定的实际应用价值。

Shear mechanical properties and frictional sliding responses of rough joint surfaces under dynamic normal displacement conditions

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic frictional characteristics in rock joints under high normal load and strong confinement is essential for ensuring the safety of deep engineering construction and mitigating geological disasters.This study conducted shear experiments on rough rock joints under displacement-controlled dynamic normal loads,investigating the shear behaviors of joints across varying initial normal loads,normal loading frequencies,and normal loading amplitudes.Experimental results showed that the peak/valley shear force values increased with initial normal loads and normal loading frequencies but showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with normal loading amplitudes.Dynamic normal loading can either increase or decrease shear strength,while this study demonstrates that higher frequencies lead to enhanced friction.Increased initial normal loading and normal loading frequency result in a gradual decrease in joint roughness coefficient(JRC)values of joint surfaces after shearing.Positive correlations existed between frictional energy dissipation and peak shear forces,while post-shear joint surface roughness exhibited a negative correlation with peak shear forces through linear regression analysis.This study contributes to a better understanding of the sliding responses and shear mechanical characteristics of rock joints under dynamic disturbances.

Experimental investigation of vibration pretreatment-microwave curing process for carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites

The vibration pretreatment-microwave curing process is an efficient,low energy consumption,and high-quality out-of-autoclave curing process for carbon fiber resin matrix composites.This study aims to investigate the impact of vibration pretreatment temperature on the fiber weight content,microscopic morphology and mechanical properties of the composite laminates by using optical digital microscopy,universal tensile testing machine and thermo-gravimetric analyzer.Additionally,the combined mode of Bragg fiber grating sensor and temperature measurement fiber was employed to explore the effect of vibration pretreatment on the strain process during microwave curing.The study results revealed that the change in vibration pretreatment temperature had a slight impact on the fiber weight content when the vibration acceleration remained constant.The metallographic and interlaminar strength of the specimen formed at a vibration pretreatment temperature of 80℃ demonstrated a porosity of 0.414% and a 10.69% decrease in interlaminar shear strength compared to autoclave curing.Moreover,the introduction of the vibration energy field during the microwave curing process led to a significant reduction in residual strain in both the 0°and 90°fiber directions,when the laminate was cooled to 60℃.

Relationship between solid fraction of slurry and property of steel/mushy Al-20Sn semi-solid bonding

The slurry of Al-20Sn alloy was prepared using electromagnetic-mechanical stirring method. The bonding of steel/mushy Al-20Sn was conducted using casting rolling technique. The bonding parameters were 505 ℃ for preheat temperature of steel plate and 10 mm/s for rolling speed. The interfacial mechanical property and structure of steel/mushy Al-20Sn bonding plate were studied. The results show that the relationship between solid fraction of Al-20Sn slurry and interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is S=52.9+0.998φ s-0.014 4φ 2 s (where S is interfacial shear strength, φ s is solid fraction). The largest interfacial shear strength is 70.2 MPa when solid fraction is 34.6%. The interface of bonding plate is made up of Fe-Al compound and Fe-Al solid solution alternatively.

钢中马氏体形态变化的临界现象与马氏体形核

本文提出了淬火钢中常见的(111)r,(225)r及“隐晶”等三种马氏体形态变化的临界现象的数学模式.诸形态均存在各自的原始奥氏体临界晶粒直径D_c与奥氏体中临界固溶碳原子浓度C_c的数学关系D_c^(-1/2)=((τ_s^e)/k-(140/k)C_c)形态给定时,奥氏体的临界切变屈服强度τ_s^c及Hall-petch斜率k均为定值,并可用它们标识形态变化的临界现象.实验已初步证实此模式的可靠性,并测定了诸形态的τ_s^c及k值.对诸形态k值分析表明,(111)r与(225)r马氏体均为晶界源位错形核,但柏氏矢量前者仅为后者的一半.“隐晶”马氏体形核不但包括晶界位错源模式,还包括切模量降低的、很可能是“局部较模”这种形核模式.这使核密度显著增加,从而形成“隐晶”态马氏体.

用测井资料估算岩石力学性质参数的方法介绍

本文简要介绍了动态弹性参数和岩石内在强度(初始切变强度、单轴压缩强度和抗拉强度)。储集层的应力及断裂压力(初始断裂压力和断裂再开口压力)等参数的计算,展示了用MECHPRO程序计算的实例,讨论了这些参数的应用。

获得和控制回流焊炉的冷却速度

无铅焊接的实现已经迫使焊接供应商、元件制造商、电路板供应商、回流焊工艺工程师和标准机构考察回流焊曲线的方方面面。在回流焊曲线中，他们日益关注的一个领域是冷却速度。某些研究表明，锡银铜（SAC）焊接的切变强度要略低于共熔铅焊接，更快的冷却速度能够获得更小的颗粒，可以进一步加强这些强度。另一方面，大型BGA需要冷却速度较陧，以使切变达到最小。 这些研究结果使得回流焊工艺工程师需要生成位于及超过某些回流焊炉能力边缘的曲线。本文将介绍回流焊妒。中可以使用的控制参数和改动，以提高和降低冷却速度。

Large-scale direct shear testing of geocell reinforced soil

The tests on the shear property of geocell reinforced soils were carried out by using large-scale direct shear equipment with shear-box-dimensions of 500 mm×500 mm×400 mm (length×width×height). Three types of specimens, silty gravel soil, geocell reinforced silty gravel soil and geocell reinforced cement stabilizing silty gravel soil were used to investigate the shear stress-displacement behavior, the shear strength and the strengthening mechanism of geocell reinforced soils. The comparisons of large-scale shear test with triaxial compression test for the same type of soil were conducted to evaluate the influences of testing method on the shear strength as well. The test results show that the unreinforced soil and geocell reinforced soil give similar nonlinear features on the behavior of shear stress and displacement. The geocell reinforced cement stabilizing soil has a quasi-elastic characteristic in the case of normal stress coming up to 1.0 GPa. The tests with the reinforcement of geocell result in an increase of 244% in cohesion, and the tests with the geocell and the cement stabilization result in an increase of 10 times in cohesion compared with the unreinforced soil. The friction angle does not change markedly. The geocell reinforcement develops a large amount of cohesion on the shear strength of soils.

Probabilistic density function estimation of geotechnical shear strength parameters using the second Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial

A method to estimate the probabilistic density function （PDF） of shear strength parameters was proposed. The second Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial（SCOP） combined with sample moments （the origin moments） was used to approximate the PDF of parameters. X^2 test was adopted to verify the availability of the method. It is distribution-free because no classical theoretical distributions were assumed in advance and the inference result provides a universal form of probability density curves. Six most commonly-used theoretical distributions named normal, lognormal, extreme value Ⅰ , gama, beta and Weibull distributions were used to verify SCOP method. An example from the observed data of cohesion c of a kind of silt clay was presented for illustrative purpose. The results show that the acceptance levels in SCOP are all smaller than those in the classical finite comparative method and the SCOP function is more accurate and effective in the reliability analysis of geotechnical engineering.

Particle breakage and the mobilized drained shear strengths of sand

This paper presents particle breakage and the mobilized drained shear strengths of sand with the purpose of clarifying the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized shear strengths of sand. Several drained triaxial tests were carried out on Silica sand No.5 under 3 MPa confining pressure to produce the pre-crushed sands in simulating the high- pressure shear process on soil to result in particle breakage, and then the pre-crushed sands were re- sheared in series of drained triaxial tests to investigate the mobilized strengths of the pre-crushed sands in detecting the influence of particle breakage. It was found that, by deteriorating strain-stress behavior, particle breakage resulted in change of stress-dilataney behavior in translation and rotation of the relation of the dilatancy factor and the effective principal stress ratio. For a given initial void ratio, particle breakage resulted in impairment of dilatancy behavior of soil to be more contractive in deterioration of the mobilized friction angle and the mobilized dilatancy angle and reduction of void ratio. However, particle breakage resulted in increase of the mobilized basic friction angle especially before failure. In addition, the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized strengths was revealed to be influenced by the shear stress-strain state.

Shear creep parameters of simulative soil for deep-sea sediment

Based on mineral component and in-situ vane shear strength of deep-sea sediment, four kinds of simulative soils were prepared by mixing different bentonites with water in order to find the best simulative soil for the deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacific C-C area. Shear creep characteristics of the simulative soil were studied by shear creep test and shear creep parameters were determined by Burgers creep model. Research results show that the shear creep curves of the simulative soil can be divided into transient creep, unstable creep and stable creep, where the unstable creep stage is very short due to its high water content. The shear creep parameters increase with compressive stress and change slightly or fluctuate to approach a constant value with shear stress, and thus average creep parameters under the same compressive stress are used as the creep parameters of the simulative soil. Traction of the deep-sea mining machine walking at a constant velocity can be calculated by the shear creep constitutive equation of the deep-sea simulative soil, which provides a theoretical basis for safe operation and optimal design of the deep-sea mining machine.

Revisiting the response of western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity change to vertical wind shear in different directions

The effect of vertical wind shear(VWS)directions on the change in western North Pacific tropical cyclone(TC)intensity is revisited in this study.Results show that the differences in the correlations between VWS in different orientations and the change in TC nondimensional intensity highly diminish,although slight differences are still present.The subtle differences in the correlations are likely associated with different synoptic-scale patterns at upper and lower levels.This result suggests that,in addition to thermodynamic effects,dynamic roles of the synoptic-scale patterns associated with the VWS should also be taken into account when the authors examine how VWS in different directions affects TC intensity change.

Unanswered questions in unsaturated soil mechanics

The last two to three decades have seen significant advances in the mechanics of unsaturated soils.It is now widely recognized that the fundamental principles in soil mechanics must cover both saturated and unsaturated soils.Nevertheless,there is still a great deal of uncertainties in the geotechnical community about how soil mechanics principles well-established for saturated soils can be extended to unsaturated soils.There is even wide skepticism about the necessity of such extension in engineering practice.This paper discusses some common pitfalls related to the fundamental principles that govern the volume change,shear strength and hydromechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils.It also attempts to address the issue of engineering relevance of unsaturated soil mechanics.

Study on Glulam Process

This paper selected lumbers of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus rnandshurica), Manchurian walnut(Juglans mandshurica) and Spruce (Picea jezoensis var.kornarovii) for manufacturing glulam with water-borne polymeric-isocyanate adhesive to determine process variables. The process variables that includespecific pressure, pressing time and adhesive application amount influencing the shear strength of the glulam,were investigated through the orthogonal test. The results indicated that optimum process variables forglulam manufacturing were as follows: Specific pressure of 1.5 MPa for Spruce and 2.0 MPa both forManchurian ash and Manchurian walnut, pressing time of 60 min and adhesive application amount of 250 g/m2.