涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化的数值研究

设计了一个高分辨率 f 平面准地转正压涡度方程半谱模式 ,用以研究非线性对台风切向风速变化 ,以及不同初始异常条件下台风环流内涡旋 Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化特征。6类 (14组 )试验的数值结果表明 :非线性使台风切向风速的增强减弱 ,可能使最大风速半径收缩。初始扰动中心位置对涡旋 Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化的影响明显。扰动中心在最大风速半径附近时 ,台风最大切向风速增强最多 ;异常中心在台风外区时 ,使最大切向风速减小。初始异常尺度 (范围 )减小对台风最大切向风速变化的影响减弱。双涡分布条件下 。

地形对涡量传播和台风切向风速变化的参数敏感性

设计了一个高分辨率的浅水模式,以研究地形参数和纬向基流在涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化中的作用。结果表明,无纬向基流条件下,岛屿地形的水平尺度对涡旋Rossby波传播的影响表现在:随地形水平方向尺度的增大,扰动涡度场环绕地形顺时针方向旋转的趋势增强,局域风速增幅减小,增强了平均风速的减弱。纬向东风基流条件下,热带气旋的局域风速及其平均切向风速的演变受台风与地形间距的改变以及地形作用时间长短的影响:当台风逐渐靠近地形时,局域风速增幅增强,平均风速逐渐减小;当台风逐渐远离地形时,出现相反的变化。

切向风速水平廓线对台风路径和强度的影响

用一个β平面的准地转模式和一个高分辨率的f平面准地转模式,实施了6组试验,研究了初始台风切向风速水平廓线对台风路径和强度的影响。结果表明:切向风速峰值区狭窄,最大风速半径较小的廓线,与偏西北方向的路径以及强度维持或增强相对应;峰值区宽平,最大风速半径较大的廓线,与北折转向的路径以及强度衰减相对应。

台风最大风速增强的数值研究

用一个高分辨率的正压模式 ,实施了 8组时间积分为 3 6h的试验 ,分析了中尺度涡旋和台风涡旋的相互作用及其对台风强度变化的影响 ,讨论了初始中尺度涡旋空间尺度大小与台风强度变化之间的联系。结果表明 :在一定的合理的参数条件下 ,这种相互作用可以使台风切向风速最大值增加 。

超强台风“莫兰蒂”(1614)边界层结构的风廓线雷达观测分析

利用翔安风廓线雷达和厦门探空雷达资料,对2016年超强台风“莫兰蒂”外雨带(距离台风中心120~220 km)和外围晴空(距离台风中心400~630 km)边界层结构进行观测分析,结果表明:在超强台风“莫兰蒂”外雨带,风廓线雷达反演的最大切向风速高度分布在入流层下方0.5~1.0 km处,并且随着台风中心的靠近,最大切向风速和入流层高度都有降低的趋势,受降雨粒子的影响,风廓线雷达只能定性反映台风外雨带最大切向风速高度和入流层高度分布特征。在超强台风“莫兰蒂”外围晴空天气下,最大切向风速高度与入流层高度具有一致性,其边界层高度变化比较平稳,高度分布在1.2~1.6 km之间,能够定量反映台风外围晴空边界层高度分布;相对于传统热力驱动的湍流,台风系统边界层湍流主要由风切变驱动,台风外围湍流活动的增强主要发生在最大切向风速高度附近,除了风切变还有其他比较重要的驱动源,表明在台风边界层顶部附近有更加复杂的湍流活动,需要更加精细的湍流通量试验确定其来源。

Numerical simulation of the flow field in a dense-media cyclone

An analytical study of the flow and pressure fields inside a small-diameter dense-media cyclone is presented.The simulations were done with the help of the CFD software FLUENT.The following conclusions were reached:the tangential velocity tends to increase when moving from the center toward the exterior.The velocity then begins to decrease when the maximum velocity point is reached.The velocity field divides into two different sections;an inner swirling zone and an outer swirling zone.The axial velocity points down at the wall and gradually decreases toward the bottom.Continuing toward the bottom,the axial velocity passes through zero and then gradually increases in the opposite direction.In the cyclone's central zone,the pressure is negative and the suction of air allows an air column to be formed therein.At the center of the radial negative zone the pressure drops to its lowest value—phenomenon that has been verified by theoretical analysis.Some discrepancies between the observed data and the simulated data are noted when an analysis in made on a cyclone operating with either fresh water only or with water with added heavy particles.

Estimations of the Maximum Tangential Velocity V_(θm) in the Vortex Core Region and also the Mean Rotational Velocity V_(oi) near the Concave Wall Surface in the Returned Flow Type Cyclone Dust Collector

There are many types of cyclone dust collectors for separating the fine solid and dust particles from gases in the various industries and also in the home used purposes. For estimating the power loss and the collection efficiency, one of the most important factors is the maximum tangential velocity V0m in the vortex core region in the cyclone body. In order to determine V0~ by the simple method, it is useful to apply the mechanical balance of the angular momentum fluxes under the assumption of Ogawa combined vortex model which is composed of the quasi-forced vortex in the vortex core region and also the quasi-free vortex surrounded the vortex core region and also under the assumption of the introduction of equivalent length Heq corresponding to the cone spaces of the cyclone body and the dust bunker. On the other hand, the mean rotational velocity Voi near the concave wall surface is also estimated by the mechanical balance of angular momentum fluxes with the moment of viscous friction force. For confirming the general applications of the obtained equations, the returned flow types cyclones changed the throat diameter D3 are designed. The material of the cyclone is the transparent acrylic resin. Therefore the inner surface of the cyclone body can be regarded as smooth surface. The comparisons of the measured velocities V~ and Voi by a cylindrical Pitot tube are shown in good agreement with those of the proposed equations. The above stated results are described in detail.

Contributions of the Secondary Jet to the Tangential Velocity Distribution and to the Collection Efficiency of the Fixed Guide Vane Type Axial Flow Cyclone Dust Collector

In order to control the maximum tangential velocity V?m(m/s)of the turbulent rotational air flow and the collection efficiencyηc(%)using the fly ash of the mean diameter X R50=5.57?m,two secondary jet nozzles were installed to the body of the axial flow cyclone dust collector with the body diameter D1=99mm.Then in order to estimate V?m(m/s),the conservation theory of the angular momentum flux with Ogawa combined vortex model was applied.The comparisons of the estimated results of V?m(m/s)with the measured results by the cylindrical Pitot-tube were shown in good agreement.And also the estimated collection efficienciesηcth(%)basing upon the cut-size Xc(?m)which was calculated by using the estimated V?m(m/s)and also the particle size distribution R(Xp)were shown a little higher values than the experimental results due to the re-entrainment of the collected dust.The best method for adjustment ofηc(%)related to the contribution of the secondary jet flow is principally to apply the centrifugal effect?c(1).Above stated results are described in detail.