胃大切术后并发胆石症治疗分析

目的：胃大切术后并发胆石症的发病原因和治疗方法.方法：对26例胃大切术后并发胆石症治疗进行回顾性分析.结果：6例病人中有4例施行了手术,术后l例复发.结论：胃大切术后病人易并发胆石症,可能和术中迷走神经损伤有关,该类病人在情况允许时应尽可能施彻底性手术.

胆囊结石胆汁需氧菌厌氧菌及L型菌的培养鉴定

对５９例结石性胆囊炎患者胆汁同时进行需氧菌、厌氧菌和Ｌ型细菌的培养，分离鉴定和药敏试验。结果∶５７例培养阳性，共检出细菌１１１株，其中需氧菌２６株、厌氧菌３７株、Ｌ型细菌４８株；且以两种以上细菌的混合感染为主。总检出率９４．９％。表明胆囊结石患者同时做需氧菌、厌氧菌和Ｌ型细菌的培养能显著提高病原菌的检出率。药敏试验表明它们各自的抗菌谱不同，３种细菌同时培养对临床准确、合理选择抗菌药物有重要意义。

浆砌石直立挡墙护岸结构的技术经济特性

太湖流域平原河网护岸工程是“治太”工程一项重要建设项目内容，面广量大，所占的建设投资比重也大。根据已建护岸工程建设实践，对浆砌石直立挡墙护岸结构的技术经济特性进行了初步分析，认为该种护岸结构适合太湖流域平原河网特有水情和工情的河道，它不仅技术可靠，经济合理，而且具有美观等优点，是太湖流域平原河道值得推广的最佳护岸结构型式之一。

Exploration of Methods for Preparation of Cattle Eyeball Paraffin Sections

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a new method for preparing paraffin sections of cattle eyebal s. [Method] The conventional method was used to prepare paraffin sections for cattle eyebal s in the control and a new method termed＆quot;opening a window on cornea and refixation＆quot; was used to prepare paraffin sections for cattle eyebal s in the treatment group. [Result] After the prepared specimens in the treatment group were fixed, it could be macroscopical y observed that retina and choroid were closely connected, with detachment occurring at a smal portion be-tween the two. According to the paraffin sections, it was microscopical y observed that the continuity of trabecular meshwork was intact, as wel as the continuity be-tween different layers of eyebal wal , without detachment between them, no retinal detachment, no shrinkage of each layer of tissue cells. [Conclusion] This study pro-vides a foundation for the basic research and pathological study of eyebal s.

A Paraffin Sectioning Method Without Using the Microtome and an Analysis Method for Optical Information of the Plant Anatomical Digital Photographs

[Objective] The research aimed to study a paraffin method without using the microtome,and also introduced an analysis method for optical information of the plant anatomical digital photographs.[Method] The plant material softened or not was embedded in paraffin according to the paraffin method.Cut the thin paraffin sections from the paraffin block with a sharp two-sided blade under anatomical lens.The thin material sections rolled up when they were cut off.Took the section rolls to a slide,and then heated them to melt the paraffin section roll.When the paraffin melted,the sections of plant material were rolled out.After the common or simplified procedures of staining and mounting,the preparations were finished.When an anatomical digital photograph was processed,copy it into the word file and two copies of the original photograph were obtained.One copy was selected to make it to be a negative photograph,and then press the key ＂Press Screen＂ to copy the screen frame.After it was copied into the word file,cut of the unnecessary parts and other operations were carried out,then processed photograph was obtained.[Results] The anatomical preparation for research was gotten.The analyzed digital photograph of the leaf structure of Salix matsudana var.matsudana f.tortuosa has some a three-dimensional effect,and the different leaf structures and cells,e.g.cuticle,cell wall,protoplast,vein,etc.can be identified easily.[Conclusion]The paraffin method without using the microtome has advantages of low cost and higher efficiency,which could be applied by the beginner or in the time without a microtome to be used.The analysis of the plant anatomical digital photographs can acquire more structural information than the original digital photographs,which shows the potentiality and prospects of the optical information analysis of the microscopic imagery and its digital photograph.

头发七的生药学研究

本文对头发七的药材性状 ,组织构造及理化性质等方面进行了系统研究 。

Preparation of lead-free free-cutting graphite brasses by graphitization of cementite

Graphite brasses were prepared by graphitizing annealing of cast brasses containing cementite particles,which were in-situ formed during the fasting process.The eutectic cast iron as carbon source was added into common brasses by casting.SEM and EDS were used to analyze the microstructure of graphite brasses,and the relationship between the microstructure and machinability was investigated.The results show that graphite particles are formed by the decomposition of cementite particles in cast brasses.The graphite particles are uniformly dispersed in the brass matrix with the average size of 5.0 μm and the volume fraction of ~1.1%.The machinability in the graphite brass is dramatically increased relative to the common brass,because of the lubricating properties of graphite particles and its role in chip breaking.The workpiece surface of the graphite brasses chips is smooth and burr-free,and the chips of graphite brasses are short（C-shape） and discontinuous,which is much better than that of the long spiral chips of common brasses.

一种由微机与PLC组成的集散控制系统的开发

由微机与ＰＬＣ组成的集散控制系统的工作原理与组态的设计与实现过程，介绍了系统的功能，并给出系统的硬件配置和软件结构图。

Surgical treatment of the biliary ductal stricture complicating localized left hepatolithiasis

AIM To summarize the experience in the clinical treatment of the biliary ductal strictures complicating localized left hepatolithiasis in recent two decades.

Favorable outcomes of hilar duct oriented hepatic resection for high grade Tsunoda type hepatolithiasis

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of hilar duct oriented hepatectomy for intractable hepatolithiasis, the ventral hilum exposure （VHE） method that has been applied by the authors. METHODS： From June 1994 to June 2004 for a period of 10 years, 153 patients who had Tsunoda type Ⅲ or Ⅳ hepatolithiasis, received hepatectomy at our institution. Among these patients, 128 who underwent hepatectomy by the VHE method were the subjects for the study. We analyzed the risk of this procedure, residual rate of intrahepatic stones, and stone recurrent rates. RESULTS： The average age was 54.2 years, and the male to female ratio was 1：1.7. The average follow-up period was 25.6 mo （6-114 too）. There was no postoperative severe complication or mortality after the operation. The rate of residual stones was 5.4% and the rate of recurrent stones was 4.2%. CONCLUSION： VHE is a safe surgical procedure and provides favorable treatment results of intractable hepatolithiasis. Especially, this procedure has advantage in that intra-hepatic bile duct stricture may be confirmed and corrected directly during surgery.

Preparation of Paraffin Section of Pinus sylvestris Needles

[Objective] Taking Pinus sylvestris needles as materials, a set of test con-ditions suitable for the preparation of paraffin sections of Pinus sylvestris needles was determined. [Method] Based on the traditional method for paraffin sections preparation, steps including fixation, dehydration, adhering to slides and staining were investigated taking the structural characteristics of pine needles into considera-tion. [Result] 70% ethanol was used in the FAA fixative; before affixed on slides, the cut sections were first expanded in a 40 ℃ water bath and taken out by using Su-perfrost Plus slides, fol owed by drying in a 35 ℃ oven for 24 h; pine needles were cut into 8 μm thick sections; staining was achieved by immersion in eosin for 5 min and in hematoxylin for 1 min. [Conclusion] The conditions obtained above can en-hance the effect of fixation and dehydration; adhering to slides is easy to operate and the sections are not easy to drop; the dyeing effect is relatively preferable.

Cutting performance of multilayer diamond coated silicon nitride inserts in machining aluminum-silicon alloy

Aluminum-silicon （Al-Si） alloy is very difficult to machine and diamond tools are considered by far the best choice for the machining of these materials. Experimental results in the machining of the Al-Si alloy with diamond coated inserts are presented. Considering the fact that high adhesive strength and fine surface morphology play an importance role in the applications of chemical vapor deposition （CVD） diamond films, multilayer technique combining the hot filament CVD （HFCVD） method is proposed, by which multilayer diamond-coating on silicon nitride inserts is obtained, microcrystalline diamond （MCD）/ nanocrystalline diamond （NCD） film. Also, the conventional monolayer NCD and MCD coated inserts are produced for comparison. The as-deposited diamond films are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and Raman spectrum. All the CVD diamond coated inserts and uncoated insert endure the aluminum-silicon alloy turning to estimate their cutting performances. Among all the tested inserts, the MCD/NCD coated insert exhibits the perfect behavior as tool wear due to its very low flank wear and no diamond peeling.

Optimum cutting speed of block-cutting machines in natural stones for energy saving

Energy consumption of block-cutting machines represents a major cost item in the processing of travertines and other natural stones. Therefore, determining the optimum sawing conditions for a particular stone is of major importance in the natural stone-processing industry. An experimental study was carried out utilizing a fully instrumented block-cutter to investigate the sawing performances of five different types of travertine blocks during cutting with a circular diamond saw. The sawing tests were performed in the down-cutting mode. Performance measurements were determined by measuring the cutting speed and energy consumption. Then, specific energy was determined. The one main cutting parameter, cutting speed, was varied in the investigation of optimum cutting performance. Furthermore, some physico-mechanical properties of file travertine blocks were determined in the laboratory. As a result, it is found that the energy consumption （specific energy） of block cutting machines is highly affected by cutting speed. It is determined that specific energy value usually decreases when cutting speed increases. When the cutting speed is higher than the determined value, the diamond saw can become stuck in the travertine block; this situation can be a problem for the block-cutting machine. As a result, the optimum cutting speed obtained for the travertine mines examined is approximately 1.5-2.0 m/min.

Surgical anatomy of innervation of the gallbladder in humans and Suncus murinus with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy

AIM： To clarify the innervation of human gallbladder,with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.METHODS： The liver, gallbladder and surrounding structures were immersed in a 10 mg/L solution of alizarin red S in ethanol to stain the peripheral nerves in cadavers （n = 10）. Innervation in the areas was completely dissected under a binocular microscope. Similarly,innervation in the same areas of 10 Suncus murinus （S. murinus） was examined employing whole mount immunohistochemistry.RESULTS： Innervation of the gallbladder occurred predominantly through two routes. One was from the anterior hepatic plexus, the innervation occurred along the cystic arteries and duct. Invariably this route passed through the hepatoduodenal ligament. The other route was from the posterior hepatic plexus, the innervation occurred along the cystic duct ventrally. This route also passed through the hepatoduodenal ligament dorsally.Similar results were obtained in S. murinus.CONCLUSION： The route from the anterior hepatic plexus via the cystic artery and/or duct is crucial for preserving gallbladder innervation. Lymph node dissection specifically in the hepatoduodenal ligament may affect the incidence of gallstones after gastrectomy.Furthermore, the route from the posterior hepatic plexus via the common bile duct and the cystic duct to the gallbladder should not be disregarded. Preservation of the plexus may attenuate the incidence of gallstone formation after gastrectomy.

Role of ERCP in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the evaluation of choledocholithiasis in sickle cell anemia

AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for choledocholithiasis in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS:Two hundred and twenty four patients (144 male,80 female; mean age,22.4 years; range,5-70 years) with SCA underwent ERCP as part of their evaluation for cholestatic jaundice (CJ). The indications for ERCP were:CJ only in 97,CJ and dilated bile ducts on ultrasound in 103,and CJ and common bile duct (CBD) stones on ultrasound in 42. RESULTS:In total,CBD stones were found in 88 (39.3%) patients and there was evidence of recent stone passage in 16. Fifteen were post-LC patients. These had endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction. The remaining 73 had endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction followed by LC without an intraoperative cholangiogram.CONCLUSION:In patients with SCA and cholelithiasis,ERCP is valuable whether preoperative or postoperative,and in none was there a need to perform intraoperative cholangiography. Sequential endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction followed by LC is beneficial in these patients. Endoscopic sphincterotomy may also prove to be useful in these patients as it may prevent the future development of biliary sludge and bile duct stones.

Study on fault induced rock bursts

In order to study the rules of rock bursts caused by faults by means of mechanical analysis of a roof rock-mass balanced structure and numerical simulation about fault slip destabilization, the effect of coal mining operation on fault plane stresses and slip displacement were studied. The results indicate that the slip displacement sharply increases due to the decrease of normal stress and the increase of shear stress at the fault plane when the working face advances from the footwall to the fault itself, which may induce a fault rock burst. However, this slip displacement will be very small due to the increase of normal stress and the decrease of shear stress when the working face advances from the hanging wall to the fault itself, which results in a very small risk of a fault rock burst.

Bilateral liver resection for bilateral intrahepatic stones

AIM: To evaluate the shortand long-term outcomes of bilateral liver resection for bilateral intrahepatic stones. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 101 consecutive patients with bilateral intrahepatic stones who underwent bilateral liver resection in the past 10 years. The shortand long-term outcomes of the patients were analyzed. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the risk factors related to stone recurrence. RESULTS: There was no surgical mortality in this group of patients. The surgical morbidity was 28.7%. Stone clearance rate after hepatectomy was 84.2% and final clearance rate was 95.0% following postoperative choledochoscopic lithotripsy. The stone recurrence rate was 7.9% and the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis was 6.5% in a median follow-up period of 54 mo. The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that liver resection range, less than the range of stone distribution (P = 0.015, OR = 2.152) was an independent risk factor linked to stone recurrence. CONCLUSION: Bilateral liver resection is safe and its shortand long-term outcomes are satisfactory for bilateral intrahepatic stones.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus totalis

Currently, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an undoubtfully optimal treatment of cholelithiasis. What about performing this procedure on a patient with situs inversus totalis and what are the difficulties of this operation for a right-handed surgeon? We presented a 35-year-old man with unknown situs inversus totalis who was admitted with epigastric pain and digestive problems. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis of a gallstone. Besides, the liver and gallbladder were on the left side and the spleen was on the right. All systems were left-right reversal as mirror image in all diagnostic studies. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was safely performed, despite of difficulties of situs inversus. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1. It should be considered that existence of other anomalies may easily cause uninvited injuries. In the patients with situs inversus, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely managed by an experienced surgeon through laparoscopy, and also hepatobiliary surgery.

Analyses and predictions of rock cuttabilities under different confining stresses and rock properties based on rock indentation tests by conical pick

The rock indentation tests by a conical pick were conducted to investigate the rock cuttability correlated to confining stress conditions and rock strength.Based on the test results,the regression analyses,support vector machine(SVM)and generalized regression neural network(GRNN)were used to find the relationship among rock cuttability,uniaxial confining stress applied to rock,uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)and tensile strength of rock material.It was found that the regression and SVM-based models can accurately reflect the variation law of rock cuttability,which presented decreases followed by increases with the increase in uniaxial confining stress and the negative correlation to UCS and tensile strength of rock material.Based on prediction models for revealing the optimal stress condition and determining the cutting parameters,the axial boom roadheader with many conical picks mounted was satisfactorily utilized to perform rock cutting in hard phosphate rock around pillar.