裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》同形字辨析十则

作为《切韵》系韵书的一种,裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》收录了部分字形相同而音义不同的同形字。利用传世文献和字典辞书,依据汉字形体演变和书写变异规律,对“亢、攲、茈、眙、椁、侘、翙、汨、舌、腊”等10组同形字进行辨析。通过这一个案研究,不仅可以规范同形字的音义关系,还可以为汉字俗体的演变及书写变异规律的研究提供字形材料。

宋跋本王仁昫《刊谬补缺切韵》音注补苴

宋跋本王仁《刊谬补缺切韵》是现今最为完整且最接近《切韵》原貌的修订本,简称《王三》。《王三》音注对考察陆法言《切韵》原书相当重要。文章参考不同版本及相同或相近时期的不同韵书,试图对音注中的疑难作出解释,并对漏注情况进行补充。

裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》及其异体字表述方式

裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》成书于唐朝,为《切韵》系韵书的一种,作者裴务齐生平不详。现在保存下来的本子较为完整,共有147韵,所残韵目可以补出。全书编纂目的明确,主要是为了增修、丰富《切韵》;总体例、各卷体例与《切韵》系其他韵书差别很大;文字为手写体,书中保存了魏晋南北朝至唐代大量的异体字资料。全书对于异体字的说明方式很有自己的特色,在异体字研究上具有重要的学术价值。

裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》同小韵异体字辨析举隅

裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》是《切韵》系韵书的一种,书中部分同小韵中收录了字形不同而训异义同的异体字。按照王宁先生异体字分类标准和方法,对其中“蟷”与“𧒾”、“𧕫”与“鸓”、“樞”与“櫙”、“䈄”与“筨”、“瑊”与“玲(玪)”、“𪓰”与“𪓵”、“𩿇”与“鳸”等七组同小韵异体字,从异写和异构两个方面进行辨析。

鲜卑族陆法言和他的《切韵》

陆法言编著的《切韵》是一部按照字音分韵编排的酌古沿今、参校方俗的韵书.问世后,“时俗共重,以为典规”;千百年来,更为后世学人所推重,因承发明、增益矫失之作,连绵不绝.《切韵》成了韵书里的权威.的确,这部韵书是可称之为汉语音韵学史上的一座划时代的丰碑.

社会主义初级阶段概念的由来

社会主义初级阶段这个概念,1981年在《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》中首次使用,1982年党的十二大报告中再次使用这个概念。

裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》疑难字考释

裴务齐正字本《刊谬补缺切韵》,作为《切韵》系韵书的重要组成部分,书中保存了部分疑难字,文章以汉字构形学理论为指导,综合运用以形考字、以音考字、以义考字、以序考字、以用考字等疑难字考释方法,对其中存在的■“[瓦而]”“胓”“祝”“[此大]”“■”广等6个疑难字进行考释,以期能对以后研究者有所裨益。

论《时要字样》

每个历史时期,都要求文字统一和规范。唐代是我国历史上迅速发展的极为辉煌的时期,字样学即发轫于其间,并有了充分的发展。本世纪初发现于敦煌石室的唐民间俗字样书《时要字样》,说明唐代文字规范化工作遍及到了西陲民间。我们今天整理和研究《时要字样》,主要目的是总结唐代字样书所体现唐代文字学研究面向社会实际的宗旨及其取得的经验。

Effect of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and ischemia-reperfusion on expression of growth factor receptors

AIM： To investigate the effects of experimental partial hepatectomy and normothermic ischemia-reperfusion damage on the time course of the expression of four different growth factor receptors in liver regeneration. This is relevant due to the potential therapeutic use of growth factors in stimulating liver regeneration. METHODS： For partial hepatectomy （PH） 80% of the liver mass was resected in Sprague Dawley rats. Ischemia and reperfusion （I/R） were induced by occlusion of the portal vein and the hepatic artery for 15 min. The epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatic growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor and tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 were analysed by immunohistochemistry up to 72 h after injury. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed at the time point of minimal receptor expression （24 h）. RESULTS： In immunohistochemistry, EGFR, HGFR, FGFR and TNFR1 showed biphasic kinetics after partial hepatectomy with a peak up to 12 h, a nadir after 24 h and another weak increase up to 72 h. During liver regeneration, after ischemia and reperfusion, the receptor expression was lower; the nadir at 24 h after reperfusion was the same. To evaluate whether this nadir was caused by a lack of mRNA transcription, or due to a posttranslational regulation, RT-PCR was performed at 24 h and compared to resting liver. In every probe there was specific mRNA for the receptors. EGFR, FGFR and TNFR1 mRNA expression was equal or lower than in resting liver, HGFR expression after I/R was stronger than in the control. CONCLUSION： At least partially due to a post-transcriptional process, there is a nadir in the expression of the analysed receptors 24 h after liver injury. Therefore, a therapeutic use of growth factors to stimulate liverregeneration 24 h after the damage might be not successful.

孙愐《唐韵序》中的一个问题

孙愐《唐韵序》曰: ……一诉愚心,克谐雅况,依次编记而不别番。其一字数训,则执优而尸之,劣而副之。其有或假,不失元本,以四声寻译,冀览者去疑,宿滞者豁如也。又纽其唇齿喉舌牙部仵而次之。有可纽不可行之及古体有依约之,并采以为证,庶无壅而昭其冯。…… 在今存诸种《唐韵序》中,卞令之《式古堂书画汇考》所录仅为今存全序的上半部分,王国维考订为开元本《唐韵》序,而今存全序为开元本序与天宝本序（下半部分）之合体,这段文字抄自下半部分,因而卞氏所录无之。其它诸本中,“有可纽……以为证”一句,有的本子有,有的本子无,未知诸本孰是,姑且略述而不详论。其它各句,则诸本皆同。我们要讨论的是“纽其唇齿喉舌牙部仵而次之”一句。这句话引用者颇多,然皆未得其实。 陈澧《切韵考》卷二曰:“孙愐又曰,纽其唇齿喉舌牙部,仵而次之。仵者参错无次第也。韵有一东二冬三锺四江之次第而声则无次第,如东字冬字舌音,锺字齿音,江字牙音而皆可为韵部之首也。今於清声二十一类,浊声十九类,但以所见之先后为次第,亦所谓仵而次之也。“白涤洲《集韵声类考》（《史语集刊》

Reduction of ischemia reperfusion injury after liver resection and hepatic inflow occlusion by α-lipoic acid in humans

AIM： To evaluate the protective effects of preconditioning by α-lipoic acid （LA） in patients undergoing hepatic resection under inflow occlusion of the liver. METHODS： Twenty-four patients undergoing liver resection for various reasons either received 600 mg LA or NaCI 15 min before transection performed under inflow occlusion of the liver. Blood samples and liver wedge biopsy samples were obtained after opening of the abdomen immediately after inflow occlusion of the liver, and 30 min after the end of inflow occlusion of the liver. RESULTS： Serum levels of aspartate transferase and alanine transferase were reduced at all time points in patients who received LA in comparison to those who received NaCL. This was accompanied by reduced histomorphological features of oncosis. We observed TUNEL-positive hepatocytes in the livers of the untreated patients, especially after 30 min of ischemia. LA attenuated this increase of TUNEL-positive hepatocytes. Under preconditioning with LA, ATP content was significantly enhanced after 30 min of ischemia and after 30 min of reperfusion. CONCLUSION： This is the first report on the potential for LA reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury （IRI） of the liver in humans who were undergoing liver surgery. Beside its simple and rapid application, side effects did not occur. LA might therefore represent a new strategy against hepatic IRI in humans.

Strengthening of RC T-beams with Shear Deficiencies Using GFRP Strips

The shear performance, modes of failure, and strain analysis of simply supported reinforced concrete （RC） T-beams, externally strengthened in shear using epoxy bonded glass fiber reinforced polymer （GFRP） strips are focused in the present paper. Six RC T-beams of 2.5 m span without shear reinforcement are cast. Three beams are used as control specimens and rest three beams are strengthened in shear with GFRP strips in U-shape, side bonded at 45° and 90° to the longitudinal axis of the beam. All the beams are tested in a Universal Testing Machine. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of using an externally applied, epoxy-bonded GFRP strips to restore or increase the shear strength of RC T-beams. It is also observed that the RC T-beams strengthened by diagonal side strips outperformed those strengthened with vertical side strips.

Anemia after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer:Long-term follow-up observational study

AIM:To identify the incidence and etiology of anemia after gastrectomy in patients with long-term follow-up after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.METHODS:The medical records of those patients with early gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2006 and October 2007 were reviewed.Patients with anemia in the preoperative workup,cancer recurrence,undergoing systemic chemotherapy,with other medical conditions that can cause anemia,or treated during follow up with red cell transfusions or supplements for anemia were excluded.Anemia was defined by World Health Organization criteria(Hb < 12 g/dL in women and < 13 g/dL in men).Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin < 20 g/dL.Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum vitamin B 12 < 200 pg/mL.Iron deficiency anemia was defined as anemia with concomitant iron deficiency.Anemia from vitamin B 12 deficiency was defined as megaloblastic anemia(mean cell volume > 100 fL) with vitamin B 12 deficiency.The profile of anemia over 48 mo of follow-up was analyzed.RESULTS:One hundred sixty-one patients with gastrectomy for early gastric cancer were analyzed.The incidence of anemia was 24.5% at 3 mo after surgery and increased up to 37.1% at 48 mo after surgery.The incidence of iron deficiency anemia increased during the follow up and became the major cause of anemia at 48 mo after surgery.Anemia of chronic disease and megaloblastic anemia were uncommon.The incidence of anemia in female patients was significantly higher than in male patients at 12(40.0% vs 22.0%,P = 0.033),24(45.0% vs 25.0%,P = 0.023),36(55.0% vs 28.0%,P = 0.004),and 48 mo(52.0% vs 31.0%,P = 0.022) after surgery.Patients with total gastrectomy showed significantly higher incidence of anemia than patients with subtotal gastrectomy at 48 mo after surgery(60.7% vs 31.3%,P = 0.008).The incidence of iron deficiency was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients at 6(35.4% vs 13.3%,P = 0.002),12(45.8% vs 16.8%,P < 0.001),18(52.1% vs 22.3%,P < 0.001),24(60.4% vs 20.9%,P < 0.001),36(62.5% vs 29.2%,P < 0.001),and 48 mo(66.7% vs 34.7%,P = 0.001) after surgery.CONCLUSION:Anemia was frequent after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer,with iron deficiency being the major cause.Evaluation for anemia including iron status should be performed after gastrectomy and appropriate iron replacement should be considered.

Role of ischaemic preconditioning in liver regeneration following major liver resection and transplantation

Liver ischaemic preconditioning （IPC） is known to protect the liver from the detrimental effects of ischaemic-reperfusion injury （IRI）, which contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality following major liver surgery. Recent studies have focused on the role of IPC in liver regeneration, the precise mechanism of which are not completely understood. This review discusses the current understanding of the mechanism of liver regeneration and the role of IPC in this setting. Relevant articles were reviewed from the published literature using the Medline database. The search was performed using the keywords ＂liver＂, ＂ischaemic reperfusion＇, ＂ischaemic preconditioning＂, ＂regeneration＂, ＂hepatectomy＂ and ＂transplantation＂. The underlying mechanism of liver regeneration is a complex process involving the interaction of cytokines, growth factors and the metabolic demand of the liver. IPC, through various mediators, promotes liver regeneration by up-regulating growth-promoting factors and suppresses growth-inhibiting factors as well as damaging stresses. The increased understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in IPC will enable the development of alternative treatment modalities aimed at promoting liver regeneration following major liver resection and transplantation.

Patient-controlled intravenous fentanyl for cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia （PCIA） with fentanyl for cystospasm after transurethral resection of the prostate. Methods： Sixty benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） patients scheduled for transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway （LMA） were randomly divided into groups F and S. Group F （n=30） received PCIA device with fentanyl 10 ug/kg＋8 mg ondansetron, and Group S （n=30） received placebo （PCIA device with 8 mg ondansetron）. The visual analog scale （VAS） scores for pain were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h by the same staff. And recorded were incidence of cystospasm, side effects, application of hemostatic, duration of drawing Foley catheter and continuous bladder irrigation, time of exhaust after operation, time of post-operative stay and cost of hospitalization. Results： The incidence of cystospasm in Group F was significantly lower than that in Group S in the 48 h after operation （P〈0.05）, the VAS scores for pain in Group F was significantly lower than that in Group S within the 48 h after operation （P〈0.01）. The time of exhaust after operation in Group F was significantly later than in Group S （P〈0.05）. No significant difference was observed in applications of hemostatic, duration of drawing Foley catheter, duration of continuous bladder irrigation, time of post-operative stay and cost of hospitalization between the 2 groups. Conclusion： PCIA with fentanyl （10 ug/kg） relieves pain with little side effect and reduces cystospasm satisfactorily.

Detection of surface cutting defect on magnet using Fourier image reconstruction

A magnet is an important component of a speaker,as it makes the coil move back forth,and it is commonly used in mobile information terminals.Defects may appear on the surface of the magnet while cutting it into smaller slices,and hence,automatic detection of surface cutting defect detection becomes an important task for magnet production.In this work,an image-based detection system for magnet surface defect was constructed,a Fourier image reconstruction based on the magnet surface image processing method was proposed.The Fourier transform was used to get the spectrum image of the magnet image,and the defect was shown as a bright line in it.The Hough transform was used to detect the angle of the bright line,and this line was removed to eliminate the defect from the original gray image;then the inverse Fourier transform was applied to get the background gray image.The defect region was obtained by evaluating the gray-level differences between the original image and the background gray image.Further,the effects of several parameters in this method were studied and the optimized values were obtained.Experiment results show that the proposed method can detect surface cutting defects in a magnet automatically and efficiently.

故宫藏抄本书选介(一)

抄本又称“写本”,系稿本或刻印本的复写本。在中国古籍中,写本是一种特殊的版本类型,也是众多重要著述保存和流传的一种独特手段和方法。在雕版印刷术发明之前,我国图书主要靠抄写本流传;就是在印刷术发明之后,部分图书也是靠抄写本才得以存世。其中部分抄本书仅供保存而不是为了流通,因多数属于孤本,又多为作者的墨宝,因此古往今来被收藏者奉为珍宝,多秘不示人。有的写本是因刊雕不易,卷帙巨大,如明代的《永乐大典》、清代的《四库全书》,过去都只有写本传世;有的则是出于特殊需要编纂,如帝王实录、玉牒,出于个人需要的节本、汇编本,抄录即定以适用;

Surgical menopause enhances hippocampal amyloidogenesis following global cerebral ischemia

Background： Prematurely menopausal women have a doubled lifetime risk of dementia and a 5-fold increased risk of mortality from neuro- logical disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these risks remain unclear. We hypothesized that ischemia-induced amyloidogenesis may be enhanced in the hippocampus following prolonged loss of ovarian 17β-estradiol （E2）, which could contribute to these phenomena. Methods： The current study used a rat model of premature surgical menopause （10-week bilateral ovariectomy） with E2 therapy either initiated immediately （short-term E2 deprivation （STED）） or delayed to the end of the ovariectomy period （long-term E2 deprivation （LTED））. One week after continuous, subcutaneous E2 therapy, we subjected animals to 10-min global cerebral ischemia （GCI） to assess the effect of LTED on ischemia-induced amyloidogenesis in the hippocampal CA1. Results： The present study revealed that while hippocampal β-amyloid （Aβ） is not typically enhanced following GCI, there is a rapid, robust elevation of endogenous Aβ in LTED females after GCI. In STED females, we observed that GCI attenuates and E2 maintains A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 （ADAM 10） expression in the hippocampal CA1, and concurrently, GCI increases and E2 decreases BACE1 levels in the same region. Intriguingly, however, we observed a loss of E2 regulation of ADAM 10, ADAM 17, and BACE 1 levels in the hippocampal CA I of LTED females, which provides mechanistic evidence for the enhanced post-ischemic Aβ load following LTED. We also observed loss of E2 regulation of tau hyperphosphorylation in LTED females subjected to GCI. Conclusion： Collectively, these studies partially explain the enhanced risk of dementia and mortality from neurological disorders seen in prematurely menopausal women and support timely initiation of E2 therapy to yield maximum neurological benefit.

北京东郊星火农业业余学校是怎样办起来的

我们在东郊星火农业社（现已改为朝阳区人民公社）办起一所农民业余学校。最初，由于生产任务很紧，再加上我们的教学内容没有结合他们的生产实际，因此，学员们的学习劲头不大，出席率不高。深翻土地的时候，学习就暂停了。后来，人力调动了，我们重新在该社细菌肥料厂组织社员学习。吸取前一段办学的教训，为了使我们的教学能紧密结合他们的生产实际，经系党总支同意，我们在农业社住了一段时间，作了比较细致的调查研究。从工作中，我们有以下点滴的体会。

怀恋的冬夜——’94荧屏的最后印象

大约在21:30分,屏幕上出现了一张模糊的脸,有点像周华健,他在我们有点分散的视线里隐隐约约。有线音乐台《越洋音乐杂志》经过了发烫的半小时,在“猜猜我是谁”的淡淡怅惘中结束。我是谁?我是一个附庸风雅、酷爱怀旧的小职员,属于这座城市里人数已呈上升趋势、身份仍然颇为可疑的白领阶级;