Adenosine to inosine （A-to-I） RNA editing is the most abundant editing event in animals. It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA （...Adenosine to inosine （A-to-I） RNA editing is the most abundant editing event in animals. It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA （ADAR） proteins. Editing of pre-mRNA coding regions can alter the protein codon and increase functional diversity. However, most of the A-to-I editing sites occur in the non-coding regions of pre-mRNA or mRNA and non-coding RNAs. Untranslated regions （UTRs） and introns are located in pre-rnRNA non-coding regions, thus A-to-I editing can influence gene expression by nuclear retention, degrada- tion, alternative splicing, and translation regulation. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNA （miRNA）, small interfering RNA （siRNA） and long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） are related to pre-mRNA splicing, translation, and gene regulation. A-to-I edit- ing could therefore affect the stability, biogenesis, and target recognition of non-coding RNAs. Finally, it may influence the function of non-coding RNAs, resulting in regulation of gene expression. This review focuses on the function of ADAR-mediated RNA editing on mRNA non-coding regions （UTRs and introns） and non-coding RNAs （miRNA, siRNA, and IncRNA）.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31125011,31071148,31270844)the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20110101130012)Postdoctoral Research Project of Zhejiang Province(BSH1302085)
文摘Adenosine to inosine （A-to-I） RNA editing is the most abundant editing event in animals. It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA （ADAR） proteins. Editing of pre-mRNA coding regions can alter the protein codon and increase functional diversity. However, most of the A-to-I editing sites occur in the non-coding regions of pre-mRNA or mRNA and non-coding RNAs. Untranslated regions （UTRs） and introns are located in pre-rnRNA non-coding regions, thus A-to-I editing can influence gene expression by nuclear retention, degrada- tion, alternative splicing, and translation regulation. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNA （miRNA）, small interfering RNA （siRNA） and long non-coding RNA （lncRNA） are related to pre-mRNA splicing, translation, and gene regulation. A-to-I edit- ing could therefore affect the stability, biogenesis, and target recognition of non-coding RNAs. Finally, it may influence the function of non-coding RNAs, resulting in regulation of gene expression. This review focuses on the function of ADAR-mediated RNA editing on mRNA non-coding regions （UTRs and introns） and non-coding RNAs （miRNA, siRNA, and IncRNA）.
