“列观”训解--兼正《汉语大词典》“列观”条

诸家对《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》中“列观”一词的训释存在不足之处。“列观”之“列”当训为“别”。其词性为形容词,词义与表聚集的“合”相对,指与中心相离散,可释作“建于别处的”。“列观”又作“列馆”“别馆”“别观”“离宫”“离房”,义为“建在远处别地的宫殿”。从地理位置来看,列观与王宫正殿相距较远,同宫室聚集中心相离散。就居住功用而言,列观非君主日常所居,而为其游冶之时所暂居之处,多是妃嫔常居之所。以建筑等级观之,与王宫正殿相比,列观地位次一级,为侧殿。

圆锥曲线问题中的数列观

在近几年的高考试题中,圆锥曲线问题一直是高考的重点和热点。本文通过几道例题探讨圆锥曲线问题中数列知识的应用,与读者交流。1圆锥曲线求值问题中的等差数列例1设F1、F2是椭圆x2/9+y2/4=1的两个焦点,P为椭圆上的一点。已知P、F1。

东亚三角头涡虫(Dugesia japonic)的生态观察

东亚三角头涡虫(Dugesia japonic)(简称涡虫)是动物学教科书中扁形动物门的代表动物,它在教学和基础理论研究上占有重要地位。为了有助于涡虫的养殖,进一步了解涡虫的生物学特性,我从1983年以来对东亚三角头涡虫的生态进行了一系列观察和研究,现将部分结果综述如下:

政治经济学试题

甲、资本主义部分: 一、名词解释(每题四分,共二十分) 1、商品 2、资本 3、货币 4、剩余价值 5、资本积累 6、帝国主义二、简单回答:(每题六分,共三十分) 1、政治经济学的对象是什么? 2。生产力与生产关系的关系是怎样的? 3、价值规律的内容是什么?它在私有制商品经济中有什么作用?

基于游客与居民视角的遗产地遗产责任量表开发与检验

保护遗产并使之真实完整地传承下去是我们共同的责任。但究竟由谁来承担责任,承担什么责任,尚缺乏深入研究。现有遗产责任研究,一方面割裂了利益相关者之间的联系,仅从单个利益相关者视角进行测量;另一方面注重"为己责任",忽略了列维纳斯责任观中更为重要的"为他责任"。这些不足导致了现有研究难以解决遗产旅游地多元矛盾及遗产地责任不明晰等难题。因而,该研究开创性地在同一个尺度下对比游客和居民两个利益相关者,同时考虑为己责任和为他责任,编制并检验基于游客和居民视角的遗产地遗产责任量表。研究发现,基于游客和居民视角的遗产责任量表分别包含6个维度(29个指标)和4个维度(28个指标),在维度结构上有相似性,且均包含"为他责任"维度,但也存在差异,主要体现在对他人态度和经济支持维度上。该研究为后续遗产责任研究和多利益相关者遗产责任对比分析奠定了测量基础,也为解决遗产旅游地多元矛盾和管理困境提供一定的指引。

试论牙齿外伤参与度及其应用

从牙列的整体观 ,指出损伤牙齿的总数目与牙齿外伤参与度的大小同是衡量伤情的决定因素,通过代表性案例,分析了与牙齿折断和松动有关的疾病及外伤参与度的评定原则,提出了综合损伤值的新概念及计算公式,并偿试性的设定了轻、重伤值,操作简便,适用范围广,为外伤参与度的进一步运用及《标准》中有关条款的完善和量化 。

The Appearance of Ulva laetevirens(Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in the Northeast Coast of the United States of America

Introduced species may outcompete or hybridize with native species, resulting in the loss of native biodiversity or even alteration of ecosystem processes. In this study, we reported an alien distromatic Ulva species, which was found in an embayment(Holly Pond) connected with Long Island Sound, USA. The morphological and anatomical observations in combination with molecular data were used for its identification to species. Anatomy of collected specimens showed that the cell shape in rhizoidal and basal regions was round and the marginal teeth along the basal and median region were not found. These characteristics were primarily identical to the diagnostic characteristics of Ulva laetevirens Areschoug(Chlorophyta). The plastid-encoding tufA and nucleus-encoding ITS1 were used for its molecular identification. Phylogenetic analysis for the tufA gene placed the specimens from Holly Pond in a well-supported clade along with published sequences of U. laetevirens identified early without any sequence divergence. In ITS tree, the sample also formed well-supported clades with the sequences of U. laetevirens with an estimated sequence divergence among the taxa in these clades as low as 1%. These findings confirmed the morpho-anatomical conclusion. Native to Australia, this species was reported in several countries along the Mediterranean coast after the late of 1990 s. This is the first time that U. laetevirens is found in the northeast coast of United States and the second record for Atlantic North America.

Improving the sensitivity of protein microarray by evanescent-field-induced fluorescence

To improve the sensitivity of protein microarray, a prism surface replaces the surface of the common microscope slide.The protein targets arrayed on the surface are hybridized and labelled by fluorescent probes. Evanescent excitation occurs when the convergent laser reaches the surface, and a photomultiplier tube detects the emitted fluorescent signal. A two-dimensional actuator scans the whole surface to achieve planar laser excitation and fluorescence collection. The penetration depth of the evanescent field into the protein targets is only some hundred nanometers and can be controlled by different incident angle of the laser beam, so the undesired background signals are reduced dramatically and the detection sensitivity is improved by a factor of 50 to 100 comparing to confocal excitation. This approach can detect low abundance analytes without signal amplification.

Application of Geodetic Receivers to Timing and Time Transfer

Two methods for smoothing pseudorange observable by Carrier and Doppler are discussed. Then the procedure based on the RINEX observation files is tested using the Ashtech Z-XII3T geodetic receivers driven by a stable external frequency at UNSO. This paper proposes to adapt this procedure for the links between geodetic receivers, in order to take advantage of the P codes available on L 1 and L 2. This new procedure uses the 30-second RINEX observations files, the standard of the International GPS Service (IGS), and processes the ionosphere-free combination of the codes P 1 and P 2; the satellite positions are deduced from the IGS rapid orbits, available after two days.

Caring for Unclean Animals in Ancient Israel： An Ecological Perspective

In view of the biblical kosher law of clean and unclean animals, the question of whether unclean animals could be reared or not in Ancient Israel becomes an ecological concern （Lev. 7：21; 11：26） for religious bodies today who still consider certain animals as unclean. A theological study of the law in the Pentateuch suggests that, in Ancient Israel, unclean animals were well catered for. Physical contact with live unclean animals did not render one unclean. Rather, uncleanness could be acquired through the touching of the carcass of clean or unclean animals （11：24-28, 38-39）. As part of their stewardship ordained by God （Gen. 1：26）, the people of Israel touched and reared/cared for unclean animals. Amongst other things, analysis of Gen. 1：26, in the Hebrew text, indicates that the primary purpose of human creation, as cosmic stewards over all creatures （including unclean animals）, is underlined. Hence, contemporary religious bodies, who still consider certain animals as unclean, should have an unfeigned care and positive attitude towards all unclean animals.

Optimal disturbances rejection control for singularly perturbed systems with time-delay

The optimal control design for singularly perturbed time-delay systems affected by external distur-bances is considered.Based on the decomposition theory of singular perturbation,the system is decom-posed into a fast subsystem without time-delay and a slow time-delay subsystem with disturbances.Theoptimal disturbances rejection control law of the slow subsystem is obtained by using the successive ap-proximation approach(SAA)and feedforward compensation method.Further,the feedforward and feed-back composite control(FFCC)law for the original problem is developed.The FFCC law consists of lin-ear analytic terms and a time-delay compensation term which is the limit of the solution sequence of theadjoint vector equations.A disturbance observer is introduced to make the FFCC law physically realiz-able.Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm is effective.

Molecular identification and culture observation on Acrochaete leptochaete (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Acrochaete leptochaete （Huber） Nielsen （Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta） was isolated from the macroalgae Chaetomorpha collected from intertidal pools in Rongcheng, Shandong, China. 18S rDNA combined with ITS regions were used to ascertain the morphological identification of the isolated material. Based on the unialgal culture, asexual reproduction and growth characteristics of A. leptochaete were investigated over wide ranges of temperature and irradiance. Results revealed that asexual reproduction of A. leptochaete could be realized by biflagellate zoospores. The zoospores germinated directly to give self- replicating generations. Zoospore germination was bipolar. A temperature range from 13-21 ℃ and a lower irradiance of 36 μmol/（m2.s） were most favorable for the growth ofA. leptochaete. Thallus organization, an important taxonomic criterion for the genus Acrochaete, was affected markedly by temperature and irradiance. Our results extend the knowledge about the species＇ general biology and its morphological plasticity. For classification and identification of a simple microphytic algae like A. leptochaete, which are traditionally placed in the class Chaetophoraceae, we propose that molecular tools associated with culture observations are applied.

The First Isolation of a Cyanophage-Synechococcus System from the East China Sea

A cyanophage strain and its host Synechococcus were isolated from the East China Sea. The host Synechococcus sp. S J01 was characterized by its 16S rRNA, ITS, andpsbA gene sequences as well as by its morphological appearance and pigmentation. The cyanophage, strain S-SJ2, was able to cause a lytic infection of the coastal Synechococcus. TEM of negative-stained specimens showed that the phage isolate has an isometric head with a diameter of 68 nm and a long tail with a length of 280 nm. The cyanophage-Synechococcus system from the East China Sea shares many properties with other marine cyanophage-Synechocoecus systems worldwide.

Progress in Research on Homogenization of Climate Data

The observation data from ground surface meteorological stations is an important basis on which climate change research is carried out, while the homogenization of the data is necessary for improving the quality and homogeneity of the time series. This paper reviews recent advances in the techniques of identifying and adjusting inhomogeneity in climate series. We briefly introduce the results of applying two commonly accepted and well-developed methods (RHtest and MASH) to surface climate observations such as temperature and wind speed in China. We then summarize current progress and problems in this field, and propose ideas for future studies in China. Along with collecting more detailed metadata, more research on homogenization technology should be done in the future. On the basis of comparing and evaluating advantages and disadvantages of different homogenization methods, the homogenized climate data series of the last hundred years should be rebuilt.

Apparent Stress Changes of the 2010 Luanxian Earthquake Sequence

On March 6,2010,an earthquake of M L4. 5 took place in Luanxian,Hebei Province,with plenty of foreshocks and aftershocks. From December 2009 to March 2010,a series of M L≥ 2. 5 earthquakes were recorded by the digital seismic network of the capital region,which were selected to calculate the apparent stress in this region. The results show that,firstly,a high value anomaly of apparent stress appeared before the M L4. 5 and peak value appeared on the main shock, which then decreased after the ML4. 5 earthquake. The apparent stress of the main shock is much greater than that of most aftershocks,the sequence type is considered as a main shock-aftershock. Secondly,the size of apparent stress perfectly reflects the state of the stress field in the hypocenter region,and we can discuss seismic sequence properties through the changing process of apparent stress,in combination with the traditional methods to identify a sequence more accurately. Finally,in the case of magnitude less than or equal to M L3. 3,correlation between magnitude and apparent stress is positive.

Revisiting Contemporary Judaism in Modem Israel

Today＇s society in Israel is divided and tom on many issues, including religion, and Jewish and Israeli identity, yet occasionally, a single event emerges which combines several divisions. One such issue is the ＂identity crisis＂ also known as the question of ＂Who is a Jew？＂. This is a thorny complex problem, and one which has not yet been awarded a clear-cut constitutional solution. For example, it continues to be debated whether the religious definition should be the decisive factor, that is, should a Jew defined as an individual born to a mother who is Jewish or has been converted according to halacha, or whether Israeli identity is the more critical element and whether any individual born in or immigrated to Israel who served in the army, works and pays taxes in Israel, and identifies with the state＇s values should be identified as a Jew？ In this paper, the author wishes to focus on equally complicated issue, although one has attracted less attention. This is the issue of halachic polarization or extremism that characterizes Judaism in modem Israel. Following a brief historical explanation, the author defines the problem at hand, and propose a solution.

Pattern recognition and prediction study of rock burst based on neural network

Many monitoring measures were used in the production field for predicting rockburst.However, predicting rock burst according to complicated observation data is alwaysa pressing problem in this research field.Though the critical value method gets extensiveapplication in practice, it stresses only on the superficial change of data and overlooks alot of features of rock burst and useful information that is concealed and hidden in the observationtime series.Pattern recognition extracts the feature value of time domain, frequencydomain and wavelet domain in observation time series to form Multi-Feature vectors,using Euclidean distance measure as the separable criterion between the same typeand different type to compress and transform feature vectors.It applies neural network asa tool to recognize the danger of rock burst, and uses feature vectors being compressedto carry out training and studying.It is proved by test samples that predicting precisionshould be prior to such traditional predicting methods as pattern recognition and critical indicatormethod.

The Application of Multiquadric Function Fitting to Borehole Strain Time Series Data Processing

Based on the existing continuous borehole strain observation,the multiquadric function fitting method was used to deal with time series data. The impact of difference kernel function parameters was discussed to obtain a valuable fitting result,from which the physical connotation of the original data and its possible applications were analyzed.Meanwhile,a brief comparison was made between the results of multiquadric function fitting and polynomial fitting.

Long Time Series Observations from Antarctica with the International Concordia Explorer Telescope （ICE-T）

The Intemational Concordia explorer telescope （ICE-T） is a f/1.1 Schmidt telescope, 61 cm aperture, with two optical tubes equipped with identical charged coupled devices 10.3× 10.3 k, 9μ pixel size, ultra-wide-fieldwith a total FOV of 65 square degrees. Its aim is to operate at Dome C, the French-Italian Antarctic Station, taking advantage of the long winter night for continuous observations. It is optimized for high precision photometry in two separate filters Sloan g and Sloan i ranging from 100 mmag to 10 mmag （from 9 to16 mag）. Among the scientific tasks there are the detection of hot Jupiters and Super Earths with the transit method, and related magnetic activity of the hosting stars. The 4m Radom dome for ICE-T together with 3 foundation pillars and the cables bundle have been already successfully installed in January 2009.

The latest advances of experimental research on targeted gene therapy for prostate cancer

The absence of effective therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC) establishes the need to develop novel therapeutic modality, such as targeted gene therapy, which is ideal for the treatment of CRPC. But its application has been limited due to lack of favorable gene vector and the reduction of "bystander effect". Consequently, scientists all over the world focus their main experimental research on the following four aspects: targeted gene, vector, transfer means and comprehensive therapy. In this paper, we reviewed the latest advances of experimental research on targeted gene therapy for prostate cancer.