双层桁架桥上列车气动特性风洞试验研究

为研究双层桁架桥上列车位于主梁断面上、下层的气动特性,通过节段模型风洞试验对双层桁架主梁断面上列车进行测力、测压。以某大跨度公铁两用悬索桥和CRH2列车为背景,研究双层桁架主梁断面上列车在迎、背风侧时,列车位于上、下层时的三分力系数、平均风压系数以及脉动风压系数,并且分析风攻角对上、下层列车气动特性的影响。研究结果表明:1)上层列车的阻力系数要显著小于下层列车,当列车位于迎风侧时,下层列车的阻力系数可达到上层列车阻力系数的1.6倍,上、下层列车的力矩系数大小基本相同,但是上层列车的升力系数大于下层列车;上、下层列车的阻力系数随风攻角的增加逐渐减小并且两者的差值也逐渐减小。2)上层列车的迎风面、背风面的压差明显小于下层列车的情况,使得上层列车的总体阻力小于下层列车,并且上层列车的顶面、底面的压差要大于下层列车的情况,使得上层列车的总体升力大于下层列车;上层列车迎风面的平均风压随风攻角的增加而减小,下层列车则无明显变化。3)上层列车圆弧过渡段顶部和底部脉动风压系数小于下层列车,并且随着风攻角的增加,下层列车脉动风压系数减小,而上层列车无明显变化,风攻角对上层列车风压系数的脉动性影响较小。研究结果可为双层桁架桥上列车线路布置提供参考和依据。

路堤高度影响列车侧风运行气动特性模拟

列车常在路堤上运行,特别是在侧风环境下列车的空气动力特性问题变得十分重要。本文采用计算流体力学方法对路堤高度变化影响列车侧风运行气动特性进行研究。数值模拟结果表明:由于气流随路堤斜坡的加速效应,头车上受到的侧向力和侧翻力矩随着路堤高度增加显著增加。作用在中间车上的阻力对路堤高度变化不敏感,但随着路堤高度增加中间车上的负升力明显增加。对于尾车,其阻力系数随着路堤高度增加而逐渐增加,且因为处于剧烈的尾涡区而受到逆侧风方向的侧翻力矩作用。

不同侧滑角下列车侧壁和空调外形对列车气动性能的影响

为确定某动力集中动车组的较优车身外形,基于三维不可压非定常雷诺时均方法(Un-steady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes,URANS)和剪切应力输运(Shear Stress Transport,SST)k-w湍流模型,针对直壁高空调、鼓壁高空调和鼓壁低空调3种列车侧壁和空调外形,分析了60 m/s合成风速下,侧滑角0°、20°、40°、45°、55°、60°、70°和90°共8种工况下的列车气动力系数、车窗位置和空调位置的平均压力.研究结果表明:在侧滑角小于20°的条件下,列车侧壁和空调外形对车辆气动力影响较小;随着侧滑角逐渐增大,直壁高空调外形列车的气动性能较鼓壁高空调和鼓壁低空调外形列车差.以55°侧滑角下头车为例,相较于直壁高空调外形车型,鼓壁高空调外形车型的侧向力系数、升力系数和侧滚力矩系数分别降低了23.3%、3.4%和27.3%;而对于背风侧车窗压力,鼓壁高空调和鼓壁低空调外形车型均相较直壁高空调外形下降了59%左右.综合而言,鼓壁低空调外形车型气动性能最好.

高速铁路路堤-路堑过渡段复杂风场和列车气动效应风洞试验研究

中国地形地貌复杂多变,线路交替必不可少,为了探究高速铁路路堤-路堑过渡区域的列车气动效应和复杂风场,该文建立了大比例试验模型,采用风洞试验的方法对线路上方不同位置处的风速剖面和线路不同位置处的车辆气动力进行了测试。试验结果表明:路堤-路堑过渡段对气流的影响范围在轨道上方250 mm以内;线路交界处上方较低区域的风剖面由路堑主导,较高区域受路堤主导;风速变化对列车沿线移动的气动力变化趋势影响不大;在过渡区域,线路交界处附近对行车安全最不利,且路堤侧更为不利;受雷诺数效应的影响,气动力系数整体上随风速的增大而减小。

Experimental study on aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train on viaducts in turbulent crosswinds

In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train on viaducts in turbulent crosswinds using a 1:25 scaled sectional model wind-tunnel testing. Pressure measurements of two typical sections, one train-head section and one train-body section, at the windward and leeward tracks were conducted under the smooth and turbulence flows with wind attack angles between-6° and 6°, and the corresponding aerodynamic force coefficients were also calculated using the integral method. The experimental results indicate that the track position affects the mean aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle, especially for the train-body section. The fluctuating pressure coefficients at the leeward track are more significantly affected by the bridge interference compared to those at the windward track. The effect of turbulence on the train-head section is less than that on the train-body section. Additionally, the mean aerodynamic force coefficients are almost negatively correlated to wind attack angles, which is more prominent for vehicles at the leeward track. Moreover, the lateral force plays a critical role in determining the corresponding overturning moment, especially on the train-body section.

Numerical simulatim of rainwater accumulation and flow characteristics over windshield of high-speed trains

In this paper, a Euler-Lagrangian particle/fluid film/VOF coupled multiphase flow model is presented. Numerical simulations are conducted, and the rainwater accumulation and flow characteristics over two types of windshields are studied based on the presented model. The results show that an uneven water film is formed over the windshield, with rain water accumulation occurring for the concave windshield but not for the convex windshield. At low speeds, the average fluid-film thickness for a concave windshield is larger than that of a convex windshield;however, a minor difference occurs between these two values at high speeds, and a critical velocity is observed for the two types of windshields. When the train velocity is less than the critical velocity, the fluid film at the lower part of the windshield and the train nose flows downward, and beyond the critical velocity, the fluid film over the entire windshield and train nose flows upward.

Aerodynamic characteristics of moving vehicles of two trains passing each other on bridge under crosswinds

Two trains passing each other is controlling factor for the wind-vehicle-bridge systems.To test the aerodynamic characteristics of moving vehicles under crosswinds when two trains are passing each other,a wind tunnel test device,which has two moving tracks,was developed.The rationality of the test result was discussed,the effects of intersection mode,yaw angle and lane spacing on the aerodynamic coefficients of the leeward train were analyzed,and the difference of aerodynamic coefficients between the head vehicle and the tail vehicle was discussed.The results show that the proposed test device has good repeatability.The intersection modes have a certain effect on the aerodynamic force of the leeward train when two trains are passing each other,and the results should be more reasonable during the two trains dynamic passing each other.With the decrease of yaw angle,the sudden change of train aerodynamic coefficients is more obvious.The decrease of lane spacing will increase the sudden change of leeward vehicles.In the process of two trains passing each other,the aerodynamic coefficients of the head vehicle and tail vehicle are significantly different,so the coupling vibration analysis of wind-vehicle-bridge system should be considered separately.

Wind tunnel tests on aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on same-storey highway and rail bridge under crosswind

In recent years,the safety and comfort of road vehicles driving on bridges under crosswinds have attracted more attention due to frequent occurrences of wind-induced disasters.This study focuses on a container truck and CRH2 high-speed train as research targets.Wind tunnel experiments are performed to investigate shielding effects of trains on aerodynamic characteristics of trucks.The results show that aerodynamic interference between trains and trucks varies with positions of trains(upstream,downstream)and trucks(upwind,downwind)and numbers of trains.To summarize,whether the train is upstream or downstream of tracks has basically no effect on aerodynamic forces,other than moments,of a truck driving on windward sides of bridges(upwind).In contrast,the presence of trains on the bridge deck has a significant impact on aerodynamic characteristics of a truck driving on leeward sides(downwind)at the same time.The best shielding effect on lateral forces of trucks occurs when the train is located downstream of tracks.Finally,the pressure measuring system shows that only lift forces on trains are affected by trucks,while other forces and moments are primarily affected by adjacent trains.