刚出壳雏鸡苗运往养殖场的关键控制点

刚出壳维鸡苗运往养殖场的过程中,保证维鸡的运输安全可以确保客户接收到优质的维鸡,而众多的外在因素会影响运输过程,如车辆因素、人员因素、环境因素以及动物福利指标等。本文围绕刚出壳维鸡苗运往养殖场的关键控制点,研究如何在运输过程中控制好各种因素,做到迅速、安全和舒适地将健康的刚出壳维鸡苗运往养殖场,旨在为孵化场、养殖场的管理人员提供参考,促进运输的现代化、智能化和高效化。

TYLCV-CHI侵染诱导的抗病毒GFP标记的载体构建

以CTAB法提取含有番茄黄化曲叶病毒TYLCV-CHI病原的烟草曲 叶病烟草DNA为模板，扩增该病毒外壳蛋白启动子序列，克隆到pGEM7Z载体上，在启动子下 游连接上能表达毒素蛋白的RNase基因和终止子NOS，最终将构建的基因转移到带有绿色荧光 蛋白GFP的植物表达载体上，构建了通过病毒侵染后激发病毒外壳蛋白启动子从而表达毒素 基因，产生毒素杀死病毒防止感染继续扩散的自我保护机制的基因工程植物表达载体。

Leaching of gallium from corundum flue dust using mixed acid solution

In order to extract gallium from a high-silica-content flue dust generated in corundum production,a mixed acid solution of H2SO4 and HF was used for leaching,and test parameters of the leaching process were optimized.Experimental results show that the leaching rate of gallium was only 38%when H2SO4 was used as leaching agent.Composition analysis results of micro areas in this corundum flue dust indicate that the content of gallium in silica-enriched phases was high;this portion of gallium was insoluble in H2SO4 solution.The leaching rate of gallium increased significantly with addition of HF due to corrosion of silica.Effects of reaction time,temperature,and concentrations of HF and H2SO4 on leaching rates of gallium were investigated.The leaching rate of gallium reached 91%when this corundum flue dust was leached in a mixed acid solution of H2SO4 and HF for 4 h,at a temperature of 80°C,with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1(mL/g).The optimal concentrations of H2SO4 and HF in the mixed acid solution were 1.5 and 6.4 mol/L,respectively.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Overview

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral infection that is a serious threat to humans. The disease is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, and Europe and has developed into a serious public health concern. Humans become infected through the bites of ticks, by contact with a patient with CCHF, or by contact with blood or tissues from viremic livestock. Microvascular instability and impaired hemostasis are the hallmarks of the infection. Infection in human begins with nonspecific febrile symptoms, but may progress to a serious hemorrhagic syndrome with high mortality rates. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the most used and specific tests for the diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is supportive. Although definitive studies are not available, ribavirin is suggested to be effective especially at the earlier phase of the infection. Uses of universal protective measures are the best way to avoid the infection. In this review, all aspects of CCHF are overviewed in light of the current literature.

Epidemiology and Mutational Analysis of Global Strains of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe illness with high fatality.Cases are reported in several countries in Africa,Europe,the Middle East,and Asia.Phylogenetic analyses based on the virus S (nucleocapsid),M (glycoprotein),and L (polymerase) genome segments sequences indicate distinct geographic lineages exist but their specific genetic characteristics require elucidation.In this work we collected all full length S segment sequences and generated a phylogenetic tree based on the alignment of these 62 samples.We then analyzed the alignment using entries from AAIndex,the Amino Acid Index database,to identify amino acid mutations that performed significant changes in charge,pka,hydropathy and side chain volume.Finally,we mapped these changes back to the tree and alignment to identify correlated mutations or sites that characterized a specific lineage.Based on this analysis we are able to propose a number of sites that appear to be important for virus function and which would be good candidates for experimental mutational analysis studies.

Adaptive robust output force tracking control of pneumatic cylinder while maximizing/minimizing its stiffness

The system considered in this work consists of a cylinder which is controlled by a pair of three-way servo valves rather than a four-way one.Therefore,the cylinder output stiffness is independently controllable of the output force.A discontinuous projection based adaptive robust controller (ARC) was constructed to achieve high-accuracy output force trajectory tracking for the system.In ARC,on-line parameter adaptation method was adopted to reduce the extent of parametric uncertainties due to the variation of friction parameters,and sliding mode control method was utilized to attenuate the effects of parameter estimation errors,unmodelled dynamics and disturbance.Furthermore,output stiffness maximization/minimization was introduced to fulfill the requirement of many robotic applications.Extensive experimental results were presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the achievable performance of the proposed scheme.For tracking a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal trajectory,maximum tracking error is 4.1 N and average tracking error is 2.2 N.Meanwhile,the output stiffness can be made and maintained near its maximum/minimum.

出壳雏鸡感染病原菌的分析

为探究刚出壳雏鸡感染病原菌的种类,本研究对90只刚出壳的病弱雏鸡进行病理观察;从肝脏等器官分离细菌,提取分离株DNA,进行16S r RNA基因序列的扩增并测序,将测定结果与Gen Bank相应细菌株比对,结合菌落菌体形态进行鉴定。结果显示,病弱雏鸡腹围较大;解剖显示皮下胶冻样,卵黄吸收不良,肝土黄色;显微镜下显示肝充血,脂肪变性。从病弱雏鸡的肝脏分离出菌株56株,分离率为62.2%（56/90）。其中粪肠球菌分离率为46.4%（26/56）,大肠杆菌为16.1%（9/56）,金色葡萄球菌为14.3%（8/56）,奇异变形杆菌为8.9%（5/56）,鲍氏不动杆菌为5.3%（3/56）,沼泽考克氏菌为3.6%（2/56）,柠檬酸细菌属为1.8%（1/56）,无色杆菌为1.8%（1/56）,地衣芽胞杆菌为1.8%（1/56）。结果提示,刚出壳雏鸡感染的细菌为9种,主要有肠球菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。这为雏鸡细菌感染的防治奠定了基础。

陶“神医”的糖葫芦

神医金丹淄川城热闹的长街上,陶小淘拉着刚睡醒的丁甲往青云书院赶,丁甲边打着哈欠边将一根刚出锅的黄灿灿的大油条塞进嘴巴里,结果被烫到了嘴,他只好捂着嘴猛吸气。陶小淘哈哈大笑道:'你慢点儿吃,刚出锅的油条多烫啊,小心把你的嘴烫成大猪嘴。''喂,两个大懒虫,你们才去书院哪.我家隔壁的黄陵哥一大早就去书院温书了,你们还在这儿慢吞吞的。”唇红齿白、英气逼人的齐灵儿不知从哪里冒出来了。

A new strain of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus isolated from Xinjiang, China

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus(CCHFV) is a highly pathogenic tick-borne virus with a fatality rate of up to 50% in humans. CCHFV is widely distributed in countries around the world.Outbreaks of CCHFV infection in humans have occurred in prior years in Xinjiang Province, China.Epidemiological surveys have detected CCHFV RNA in ticks and animals; however, few isolates were identified. In this study, we identified and isolated a new CCHFV strain from Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum ticks collected from north of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China. A preliminary investigation of infection and antigens expression of CCHFV was performed in newborn mice. The target tissues for CCHFV replication in newborn mice were identified. The analysis of the phylogenetic relationships with other Chinese strains suggested that diverse genotypes of CCHFV have circulated in Xinjiang for years. These findings provide important insights into our understanding of CCHFV infection and evolution as well as disease prevention and control for local residents.

Welfare Rigidity, the Composition of Public Expenditure and the Welfare Trap

Welfare expenditure is characterized by rigidity,i.e.,it goes up easily but is very hard to get down.We introduced welfare rigidity into an endogenous growth model that includes government expenditure to analyze the impact of welfare rigidity and the composition of public expenditure on economic growth and family utility.Our findings show that welfare spending and economic growth have a non-monotonic relationship that is negative or inverted U-shaped depending on cross-country differences.Higher welfare rigidity reduces long-term economic growth and household utility.According to the estimated optimal size of welfare expenditure,China,as a developing country with a large population,has to do all it can to improve people’s livelihood but must at the same time weigh its limited resources so that its welfare expenditure does not fall into a“welfare trap.”

A novel flexure-based uniaxial force sensor with large range and high resolution

High performance force sensors often encounter the conflicting requirements of high resolution and large measurement range.To address this problem,this paper presents a conceptual design of a novel uniaxial force sensor with large range and dual-stage force resolutions which enables us to measure forces within a wide range with satisfied resolutions.The newly developed force sensor features an aluminum alloy body with a probe to transfer external forces into the sensing element.It employs an optical linear encoder to detect the displacement of the sensing body.This sensing scheme may immunize outside electromagnetic noises and therefore enhance the performance of the sensor thanks to its digital signal output.In this paper,an accurate,analytical model for calculating the static stiffness and dynamics of the system was developed by using pseudo-rigid-body-model(PRBM)methodology.To optimize the design,finite element simulations were conducted.After a prototype sensor was fabricated,preliminary characterization tests were carried out to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model and demonstrate the effectiveness of the design.The experiment results indicate that the structure of the new sensor is compact,and it has the ability to measure both micro range and macro range forces within one setup,meanwhile keeps very fine resolutions.