阿普唑仑对创伤后应激障碍的预防作用

目的:探讨阿普唑仑(alprazolam,APZ)对PTSD(post traumatic stress disorder)模型大鼠的条件恐惧反应、空间学习记忆能力下降的预防作用。方法:将大鼠随机分为空白对照组、单纯给药组(APZ0.125mg/kg/d,APZ2)、单纯应激组,即单次延长结合足底电击应激(single prolonged stress & foot shock,SPS&S)、应激给药小剂量组(SPS&S+APZ0.06mg/kg/d,SPS&S+APZ1)和大剂量组(SPS&S+APZ0.125mg/kg/d,SPS&S+APZ2)。采用SPS&S动物模型,应激后早期将两种不同浓度的APZ饲喂大鼠14d。第14d在电击箱中检测大鼠的条件性恐惧反应,第15～20d在Morris水迷宫中测大鼠的学习记忆能力。结果:同SPS&S组相比,应激后早期使用APZ干预14d不能改善大鼠空间学习记忆能力的下降趋势,不能显著缩短大鼠上台的潜伏期和增加大鼠在目标象限的时间百分比(%),可以明显缓解应激大鼠的恐惧行为(P<0.05)。结论:应激后早期及时给予APZ干预可明显减轻创伤后应激障碍大鼠的恐惧反应,而对应激造成大鼠的学习记忆能力损伤无缓解作用,这一结果可为临床有效防治创伤后应激障碍提供一条新思路。

创伤后应激障碍样大鼠酒精条件性位置偏爱获得与多巴胺D1受体的研究

目的探讨创伤后应激障碍（Post-traumatic stress disorder，PTSD）对酒精条件性位置偏爱（conditioned place preference，CPP）获得的易化作用及其多巴胺机制。方法Sprague．Dawley（SD）雄性大鼠40只分为PTSD＋酒精（PE）组、正常对照＋酒精（CE）组、PTSD＋生理盐水（PS）组和正常对照＋生理盐水（CS）组，每组大鼠进行CPP训练，酒精组给予腹腔注射20％酒精2g／kg，生理盐水组给予相同体积的生理盐水。PTSD动物模型建立采用单一持续性刺激（SPS）方式，通过僵立反应和高架十字迷宫分别测试SPS24h、7d的恐惧记忆及焦虑行为，在SPS7d检测训练后CPP值，并用免疫组织化学方法测定大鼠杏仁核区域多巴胺D1受体的表达。结果与正常对照组比较，仅在SPS7d时PTSD组大鼠僵立时间显著延长[（89．13±8．60）S，（22．25±5．85）S，q=8．77，P〈0．01]；以及进入开放臂次数、时间明显降低[（4．25±1．26）次，（14.38±2.18）次，（12．38＋-3．30）S，（40．38±7．29）S，q分别为4．74和4．08，均P〈0．01]；CPP测试中PE组训练后CPP值明显高于训练前，差异有统计学意义（q=31．81，P〈0．01），其余CE、PS及CS组训练前后CPP值均差异无统计学意义（q分别为1．53，0．01，0．27，P〉0．05）；PE组训练后的CPP值明显高于CS组、CE组和PS组（q分别为-38．32，-22．21，-33．38，P〈0．05）。SPS7d4组大鼠杏仁核区域多巴胺D1受体阳性细胞数免疫组化评分差异无统计学意义（F=0．07，P〉0．05）。结论PTSD样大鼠易于形成酒精条件性位置偏爱，可能与杏仁核多巴胺D1受体数量变化无关。

Effects of acupuncture on neuro-electrophysiological activities in hippocampal CAI and CA3 areas of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder

Objective: To observe the effects of acupuncture on the characteristics of neuro-electrophysiological activity in hippocampal CAI and CA3 areas of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a grasping group, a Western medicine group and an acupuncture group, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, rats in the other 4 groups all received the combined stress modeling method. Rats in the Western medicine group were intragastrically administrated with paroxetine hydrochloride, those in the acupuncture group received acupuncture intervention, those in the grasping group received grasping fixation, and those in the model group and the blank group did not receive any in terve ntions. After 14 d of in terve ntion, the interspike in terval (ISI) and power spectral den sities (PSD) were an a lyzed and mapped by in vivo multiple channels to record the neuron clusters discharge in the hippocampal CAI and CA3 areas. Results: Compared with the blank group, ISI was proIonged in the CAI and CA3 areas of the model group and the grasping group, and the concentrated PSD distribution area moved down (Pv0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the grasping group, the ISI of the CAI and CA3 areas in the Western medicine group and the acupuncture group was shortened, and the concentrated PSD distribution area moved up (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The ISI and PSD distributions in the CAI and CA3 areas of the acupuncture group were not statistically different from those in the Western medicine group (both P>0.05). Conclusion: Both acupuncture and paroxetine hydrochloride can significantly regulate the neuro-electrophysiology activity of hippocampal CAI and CA3 areas in PTSD rats, which may be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture intervention to promote PTSD recovery.

Effect of acupuncture on blood oxygen concentration in brain of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on blood oxygen concentration in the brain of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), thus to reveal the mechanisms of acupuncture in intervening the brain function of PTSD rats. Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a grasping group, a paroxetine group and an acupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. Except the blank group, rats in the other groups all received incarceration plus electric shock for 7 d to prepare the PTSD animal model. One hour before the stress model was established, rats in each group received the desig nated in tervention: rats in the blank group and the model group did not receive any intervention;rats in the grasping group received grasping and fixation;rats in the paroxetine group received paroxetine hydrochloride solution by intragastric administration;and rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture. Six-day treatme nt was a course, with 2 courses of treatme nt con ducted for a total of 12 d. After the modeli ng, rats in each treatment group received intervention for 5 dz and the fNIRS system was used to collect and record the changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (d-Hb) and total hemoglobin (t-Hb) of the involved rat's brain regions, and also to assess the brain function. Results: Compared with the blank group, the con centrati on of HbO2 was significa ntly in creased, the concen trati on of d-Hb was significa ntly decreased, and the concen tration of t-Hb was sign ifica ntly in creased in the model group and the graspi ng group after the in tervention, and the differ en ces were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the concentrations of HbO2, d-Hb and t-Hb in the grasping group did not change significantly (all P>0.05). Compared with the grasping group, the concentration of HbC^was significantly decreased, the concentration of d-Hb was significantly in creased, and the concen trati on of t-Hb was sign ifica ntly decreased in the paroxeti ne group and the acup un cture group, and the differences were statistically sigrdficant (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of HbO2, d-Hb and t-Hb between the paroxetine group and the acupuncture group (all P>0.05). Con elusion: Acup un cture can regulate the blood oxyge n conce ntrati on in the brain of PTSD model rats, which may be an important mechanism of acupuncture in intervening the brain function in PTSD rats.

Effect of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture on resting-state electroencephalographic signals in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder

Objective:To observe the effect of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method on the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),and to provide evidence for the effect mechanism study and clinical application of acupuncture intervention for PTSD.Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank control group,a model group,a grasping group,a paroxetine group and an acupuncture group,with 12 rats in each group.Except for rats in the blank control group,rats in the other groups were subjected to preparing the PTSD models using 'incarceration plus electric shock' method.After interventions,changes in rat behavior of each group were observed;changes in resting-state EEG were collected and analyzed with multichannel EEG acquisition and analysis system,and image analysis and statistical processing were performed.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the average escape latency in the model group was significantly longer (P＜0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly reduced (P＜0.01).Compared with the grasping group,the average escape latencies in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly shortened (P＜0.05),and the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas were all significantly increased (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the average escape latency,the times of crossing the platform and the effective areas between the acupuncture group and paroxetine group (all P＞0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the α-wave power spectrum value in the model group was significantly decreased,and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were significantly increased (all P＜0.01);compared with the grasping group,α-wave power spectrum values in the paroxetine group and acupuncture group were significantly increased (both P＜0.01),and the power spectrum values of β-wave,δ-wave and a-wave were decreased significantly (all P＜0.01).The power spectrum values of α-wave,β-wave,δ-wave and (e)-wave of rats in the acupuncture group were not significantly different from those in the paroxetine group (all P＞0.05).Conclusion:Liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method can significantly improve the abnormal EEG activity in PTSD rats,which may be one mechanism of liver-soothing and mind-regulating acupuncture method in effectively affecting the brain function in PTSD rats.