Purpose： To investigate the effects of estrogen G protein-coupled receptor 30 （GPR30） agonist G1 on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and microglial polarization in rat traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods： Male S...Purpose： To investigate the effects of estrogen G protein-coupled receptor 30 （GPR30） agonist G1 on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and microglial polarization in rat traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods： Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, TBI ＋ vehicle group, TBI ＋ G1 group. Experimental moderate TBI was induced using Feeney＇s weigh-drop method. GI （100μg/kg） or vehicle was intravenously injected from femoral vein at 30 rain post-injury. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after injury for detection of neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization. Neuronal apoptosis was assayed by immunofluorescent staining of active caspase-3. MI type microglia markers （iNOS and IL-113） and M2 type markers （Argl and IL-4） were examined by immunoblotting or ELLSA. Total protein level of Akt and phosphorylated Akt were assayed by immunoblotting. Results： G1 significantly reduced active caspase-3 positive neurons in hippocampus. Meanwhile G1 increased the ratio of Arg1/iNOS. IL-1β production was decreased but IL-4 was increased after G1 treatment. G1 treatment also increased the active form of Akt. Conclusions： GPR30 agonist GI inhibited neuronal apoptosis and favored microglia polarization to M2 type.展开更多
According to medical literature, fracture of the first rib is quite rare and the bilateral condition is especially rare. This type of fracture is usually associated with severe intrathoracic trauma and other bony or n...According to medical literature, fracture of the first rib is quite rare and the bilateral condition is especially rare. This type of fracture is usually associated with severe intrathoracic trauma and other bony or neurovascular injuries, thus can be considered as a harbinger of major trauma. However here we present three cases of low velocity first rib fractures without any major trauma or multisystem injuries. All the three patients were treated conservatively and did well on simple analgesics and rest and had no early or late complications. It can be seen that not all the first rib fractures are associated with major trauma or multisystem injuries. There is a variant of first rib fracture with low velocity injuries which is not associated with any major complications in contrast to majority of first rib fractures associated with high velocity injuries. Causative factor of such injuries may be violent muscular contraction of scalenus anterior or serratus anterior, but not direct trauma.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC 81470599）.
文摘Purpose： To investigate the effects of estrogen G protein-coupled receptor 30 （GPR30） agonist G1 on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and microglial polarization in rat traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods： Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, TBI ＋ vehicle group, TBI ＋ G1 group. Experimental moderate TBI was induced using Feeney＇s weigh-drop method. GI （100μg/kg） or vehicle was intravenously injected from femoral vein at 30 rain post-injury. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after injury for detection of neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization. Neuronal apoptosis was assayed by immunofluorescent staining of active caspase-3. MI type microglia markers （iNOS and IL-113） and M2 type markers （Argl and IL-4） were examined by immunoblotting or ELLSA. Total protein level of Akt and phosphorylated Akt were assayed by immunoblotting. Results： G1 significantly reduced active caspase-3 positive neurons in hippocampus. Meanwhile G1 increased the ratio of Arg1/iNOS. IL-1β production was decreased but IL-4 was increased after G1 treatment. G1 treatment also increased the active form of Akt. Conclusions： GPR30 agonist GI inhibited neuronal apoptosis and favored microglia polarization to M2 type.
文摘According to medical literature, fracture of the first rib is quite rare and the bilateral condition is especially rare. This type of fracture is usually associated with severe intrathoracic trauma and other bony or neurovascular injuries, thus can be considered as a harbinger of major trauma. However here we present three cases of low velocity first rib fractures without any major trauma or multisystem injuries. All the three patients were treated conservatively and did well on simple analgesics and rest and had no early or late complications. It can be seen that not all the first rib fractures are associated with major trauma or multisystem injuries. There is a variant of first rib fracture with low velocity injuries which is not associated with any major complications in contrast to majority of first rib fractures associated with high velocity injuries. Causative factor of such injuries may be violent muscular contraction of scalenus anterior or serratus anterior, but not direct trauma.
