“人本·创化·适应”:李安宅教育思想及其在边疆教育中的应用——一个社会学/人类学家对中国汉藏教育文化问题的探寻与应对

自近代以来,中国经历了一个较长时期的由衰落到复兴的社会大变局大转折过程。置身其间的社会学/人类学家李安宅对这一变化所带来的潜在危机与深刻影响密切关注,一个突出的表现便是他用中西文化参证比较的实地调查研究方法对中国汉藏教育文化问题的探寻与应对。经过实地调查研究,针对20世纪30-40年代中国汉藏教育文化区存在的八股、形式、复古等教育问题,他借鉴中西方教育思想理论及美墨英等国教育经验,不仅提出了“人本·创化·适应”为内核的教育思想,而且针对西北藏民区提出了以“服务团”或“边疆文化团”为基础的“研究、服务、训练三者合一”的创化教育理论实施方案,针对全国边疆学校提出了“教政统一”与“分区施教”的革新边教方案,针对全国普通学校提出了“因地而异”与“社会化”“生产化”“实践化”的创化教育应用与指导原则,并努力使之政策化实践化,从而成为一个具有独立创见的“教育社会学家”或“教育人类学家”和“全面抗战时期国民政府对边疆教育政策的灵魂”。

伦理信仰、自然和边疆:试论李安宅边疆社会工作理论

本文从李安宅与早期燕京社会学之间的联系出发,呈现了李安宅边疆社会工作理论的价值论基础。受基督教社会福音派学说的影响,李安宅从宗教作为一种伦理信仰的维度上,看到了以融通儒教、藏地宗教和基督教来建构一个统一文明体的精神基础的可能。李安宅指出,复活儒家礼运传统的起点要以汉地知识分子从文化自觉出发,并外化于边疆的伦理行动来实现,因为边疆在“自然”观意义上提供了祛除汉地知识分子官僚习气的社会条件。此外,综合性的区域社会建设构成了李氏边疆社会工作理论的实践维度。“区域”所指涉的文明走廊地带定义了边疆社会工作的边界范围,通过建构“区域”间的社会分工交换体系,汉地和边疆实现互惠性的交往和接触。最后,本文指出了李安宅边疆社会工作理论对思考新时期民族社会工作的发展和文化原则具有重要的启发意义。

Research on the Innovativeness and Characteristic of Digital Media under the Environment of Internet and Big Data

In this paper, we conduct survey and research on the innovativeness and characteristic of digital media under the environment of Internet and big data. Under the background of the era of rapid change, the current education system is more severe impact and challenge. Creative industry is the product of cultural industry development to a new stage, is the most creative cultural industry and the origin of the core part of the new economic era of creativity industry is the condition of globalization. The research indicates that the combination of the big data with digital media is necessary and needed. In the future, we will test more related combination and creativeness.

University Organic Chemistry Education Technological innovation

the paper discusses the advantage and disadvantage of organic chemistry teaching mode of multimedia auxiliary university compared with traditional teaching mode. And combined with the author＇ s teaching practice the paper sums up that the multimedia technology shall be used as the auxiliary method of traditional teaching to optimize classroom teaching, improve the classroom efficiency and reflect the true value of the multimedia auxiliary teaching.

Sister Founders in Sociology： Democratisation of Contemporary Sociological Education

Sister＇s founders in sociology as a coin term are formed by Mary ]o Deegan, in order to explain, reintroduction to female stream sociological theory. Even though there are more than 52 women considered to be founders of sociology, they are still not recognized in sociology, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Aristotle＇s distinction between male and female, according to authoress Shipley, represents the key moment to ideological foundation of the women exclusion from academia and public life, because of their identification with natural and irrational. Results of wars, global ecological movements, and movements for the rights of the minorities were joined together in creation of significant subversion and counterpart of male stream patriarchal ordained theories in eco-feminist movement. The women and nature in male stream theories are considered to be the insignificant other, formed as counterpart for male principal which is culture, reason, and activity. Logic of dominance with its objectification, imperialism, colonialism, patriarchy, and European West racism must be rendered with the logic of nurturing as the prevailing concept of successful bioregional cooperation and interpersonal relationships, pacification and peace agreements. Postmodern sociology especially in works of Rosemarie Tong supports the admissions of all ＂exiled, alienated, deviant and marginal people＂, therefore, the posthuman society must involve the egalitarism in works of female and male in the sociology.

Poetic discourses in the ideological and political education

Today＇s ideological and political education is affected by the western modern rational thinking, and lacks the poetic thinking. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, initiated the poetry teaching, and the poetic ideological and political education was prominently reflected in the Confucian ethics. Taking pine, bamboo and jade cultures as an example, they have a special value of the poetic ideological and political education. The ideological and political education should have the poetic discourses and inherit the Confucian traditional cultures.

Exploration of Diversified Experimental Teaching mode in Computer Specialty

As the key link of cultivating the talents, the experimental teaclamg laas become an ~mportant part m me system o~ me innovation in higher education. And it plays an indispensable role in the teaching system of the computer specialty. The article analyzes the current situation of the experimental teaching in computer specialty, and puts forward the reform measures and methods of the diversified experimental teaching, which can effectively improve teaching effect.

Theoretical Perspective of Social Entrepreneurship： A Study of Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship in the Context of Saudi Arabia

The present paper discusses the different theories on entrepreneurship in general and social entrepreneurship in particular to investigate the different determinants of social entrepreneurship in the context of Saudi Arabia. The present research is a conceptual study. The data were collected to analyze the entrepreneurship theories in Saudi Arabia＇s context. The data related to entrepreneurship spirit, perception of society towards entrepreneurship, and other macroeconomic indicators are collected from different research journals, websites of different corporate houses, and government sources to analyze the social entrepreneurship theories, such as failure thesis, interdependence theories, welfare state theory, supply-side theory, entrepreneurship education, etc.. The theoretical hypothesis of interdependence theory, entrepreneurship spirit, and general education and the theoretical analysis of this paper in light of Saudi Arabia are in line with the theory. But the hypothesis generated out of failure thesis theory, welfare state theory, entrepreneurship education, and individualistic and collective society culture is not in line with these theories.