A variation account was applied to divergent thinking accommodated as a kind of creative thinking. To provide control （contrast） condition the variation account was applied to psychometric intelligence. Guilford＇s ...A variation account was applied to divergent thinking accommodated as a kind of creative thinking. To provide control （contrast） condition the variation account was applied to psychometric intelligence. Guilford＇s （1956, 1967, 1988） theory of divergent-----convergent thinking served the background of our study. The main premise was that creative variation represents ＂thought trials＂ with diverse ways to find a solution to the problem. Task demands and the respective creative problem solving reveal advantageous sources that suggest the variation. Probably, uncertainty, information search, and finding alternatives extracted from memory precede, entail and provide variety of seeking, as well. A principal hypothesis to be tested was that divergent thinking enables its variation rather than intelligence does that to its variation. As predicted, the divergent thinking and its variation were related. Compared to uncreative, creative persons were characterized by larger variation. Apart from the mathematical intelligence, other kinds of intelligence and their variation did not correlate. Mainly, the data obtained, thus, lend support to the claimed hypothesis.展开更多
Several studies about the brand ＂made in Italy＂ have illustrated the real significance of this brand, placing it in the top position for brand awareness in most countries. The words ＂made in Italy＂ evoke in consum...Several studies about the brand ＂made in Italy＂ have illustrated the real significance of this brand, placing it in the top position for brand awareness in most countries. The words ＂made in Italy＂ evoke in consumers＇ minds attributes that positively characterize the image of Italy as a country--in particular, the attributes of creativity, aesthetics, quality, and sophistication--facilitating the perception of a differential value through the effect of the product-country association. Italians are proud of this, but what really composes the brand ＂made in Italy＂？ Above all, is there any truth behind this expression？ The paper aims to propose a critical analysis about the ＂made in Italy＂ value appropriation and the future development of this brand.展开更多
Empirical studies have shown that a large number of financial asset returns exhibit fat tails （leptokurtosis） and are often characterized by volatility clustering and asymmetry. This paper considers the ability of t...Empirical studies have shown that a large number of financial asset returns exhibit fat tails （leptokurtosis） and are often characterized by volatility clustering and asymmetry. This paper considers the ability of the GARCH-Type （Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity） models to capture the stylized features of volatility in national stock market returns for three countries （Portugal, Spain and Greece）. The results of this paper suggest that in the presence of asymmetric responses to innovations in the market, the ARMA （1,1）-GJRGARCH（1,1） skewed Student-t model which accommodates both the skewness and the kurtosis of financial time series is preferred.展开更多
Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare disease characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation of mesenteric fat tissue.Several etiologic and/or associated factors have been reported in the literature so far.Although tr...Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare disease characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation of mesenteric fat tissue.Several etiologic and/or associated factors have been reported in the literature so far.Although trauma or surgery is one of the potential etiologic factors for mesenteric panniculitis,to the best of our knowledge,no strong correlation has been shown in the literature until now.展开更多
Objective： To avoid disadvantages of two-stage cancellus bone autograft, we investigated the feasibility of one-stage allograft for reconstructing the bone defect resulting from debridement of chronic osteomyelitis i...Objective： To avoid disadvantages of two-stage cancellus bone autograft, we investigated the feasibility of one-stage allograft for reconstructing the bone defect resulting from debridement of chronic osteomyelitis in limbs. Methods： Between Feb. 1999 and Apr. 2004, 35 cases of chronic osteomyelitis （8 cases of nonunion ） underwent one-stage allograft after debridement in our hospital. Results： Thirty-five cases were followed up for an average period of 28 months （ range, 13 to 55 months）, in which 32 cases （91.43%） were found no infection, and 3 cases （8.57%） were confirmed recurrence of infection. Four out of 8 cases of bone nonunion healed in 9.5 months on average （ range, 3 to 12 months）, and another case also acquired union after redebridement and autograft of iliumdue to infection recurrence 35 days after surgery. Renonunion occurred in 3 cases, 2 out of whom healed after secondary operation with autograft. One case of renonunion and 2 cases of infection recurrence refused further treatment. Conclusions： A high rate of infection arrest can be attained when one-stage allograft is used to reconstruct the bone defect of chronic osteomyelitis after debridement in limbs. Therefore, chronic osteomyelitis should not be regarded as a contraindication to one-stage allogeneic bone grafting. Renonuion, however, achieves a relatively high rate, especially in cases of segmental bone defect.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the immune response in patients under persistent vegetative state (PVS) resulting from trauma. Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from 12 PVS patients (Group PVS)and individual...Objective: To investigate the immune response in patients under persistent vegetative state (PVS) resulting from trauma. Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from 12 PVS patients (Group PVS)and individuals in normal control group by density gradient centrifugation; the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was then used to measure monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes before and after monocyte activation with either IFN-γ or LPS. Results: Compared with normal control group, the peripheral blood monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression in the Group PVC fell significantly in PVS patients (P< 0.001); the level of HLA-DR antigen expression on the monocyte surface rose notably after stimulation with either IFN-γ or LPS (P< 0.01). As for PVS patients, it was still difficult to restore to normal (P< 0.05).Conclusions: The level of HLA-DR antigen expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes in PVS patients decreases obviously. Therefore, the function of non-specific immunity in PVS patients is suppressed.展开更多
Missed or neglected foreign bodies are not infrequent in surgical practice. This case report high- lights the fact that thorough clinical examination and de- tailed evaluation of trauma patients are very necessary so ...Missed or neglected foreign bodies are not infrequent in surgical practice. This case report high- lights the fact that thorough clinical examination and de- tailed evaluation of trauma patients are very necessary so that any associated injuries or foreign bodies will not be missed and any unforeseen clinical or medico-legal complications can be prevented. We present a case of a 35-year- old male patient who had traumatic transfemoral amputation of the right lower limb with a clean laceration （size 2 cmx I cm） over the medial aspect of the left thigh. Radiographs suggested a single radioopaque foreign body which proved misleading, as during surgical removal multiple radiolucent and radiopaque foreign bodies were discovered.Postoperative ultrasound was performed and showed no retained foreign bodies. A secondary closure of the right thigh amputation was done and patient was discharged. At the last follow-up, 9 months after injury, the patient had no complaints, and both the amputation stump and the wound over the left thigh were healthy. Thus in the cases of re- tained foreign bodies, in addition to thorough clinical examination and radiography, ultrasonograpy should be supplemented. And if required, use of CT scan as well as MRI should be also considered.展开更多
文摘A variation account was applied to divergent thinking accommodated as a kind of creative thinking. To provide control （contrast） condition the variation account was applied to psychometric intelligence. Guilford＇s （1956, 1967, 1988） theory of divergent-----convergent thinking served the background of our study. The main premise was that creative variation represents ＂thought trials＂ with diverse ways to find a solution to the problem. Task demands and the respective creative problem solving reveal advantageous sources that suggest the variation. Probably, uncertainty, information search, and finding alternatives extracted from memory precede, entail and provide variety of seeking, as well. A principal hypothesis to be tested was that divergent thinking enables its variation rather than intelligence does that to its variation. As predicted, the divergent thinking and its variation were related. Compared to uncreative, creative persons were characterized by larger variation. Apart from the mathematical intelligence, other kinds of intelligence and their variation did not correlate. Mainly, the data obtained, thus, lend support to the claimed hypothesis.
文摘Several studies about the brand ＂made in Italy＂ have illustrated the real significance of this brand, placing it in the top position for brand awareness in most countries. The words ＂made in Italy＂ evoke in consumers＇ minds attributes that positively characterize the image of Italy as a country--in particular, the attributes of creativity, aesthetics, quality, and sophistication--facilitating the perception of a differential value through the effect of the product-country association. Italians are proud of this, but what really composes the brand ＂made in Italy＂？ Above all, is there any truth behind this expression？ The paper aims to propose a critical analysis about the ＂made in Italy＂ value appropriation and the future development of this brand.
文摘Empirical studies have shown that a large number of financial asset returns exhibit fat tails （leptokurtosis） and are often characterized by volatility clustering and asymmetry. This paper considers the ability of the GARCH-Type （Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity） models to capture the stylized features of volatility in national stock market returns for three countries （Portugal, Spain and Greece）. The results of this paper suggest that in the presence of asymmetric responses to innovations in the market, the ARMA （1,1）-GJRGARCH（1,1） skewed Student-t model which accommodates both the skewness and the kurtosis of financial time series is preferred.
文摘Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare disease characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation of mesenteric fat tissue.Several etiologic and/or associated factors have been reported in the literature so far.Although trauma or surgery is one of the potential etiologic factors for mesenteric panniculitis,to the best of our knowledge,no strong correlation has been shown in the literature until now.
文摘Objective： To avoid disadvantages of two-stage cancellus bone autograft, we investigated the feasibility of one-stage allograft for reconstructing the bone defect resulting from debridement of chronic osteomyelitis in limbs. Methods： Between Feb. 1999 and Apr. 2004, 35 cases of chronic osteomyelitis （8 cases of nonunion ） underwent one-stage allograft after debridement in our hospital. Results： Thirty-five cases were followed up for an average period of 28 months （ range, 13 to 55 months）, in which 32 cases （91.43%） were found no infection, and 3 cases （8.57%） were confirmed recurrence of infection. Four out of 8 cases of bone nonunion healed in 9.5 months on average （ range, 3 to 12 months）, and another case also acquired union after redebridement and autograft of iliumdue to infection recurrence 35 days after surgery. Renonunion occurred in 3 cases, 2 out of whom healed after secondary operation with autograft. One case of renonunion and 2 cases of infection recurrence refused further treatment. Conclusions： A high rate of infection arrest can be attained when one-stage allograft is used to reconstruct the bone defect of chronic osteomyelitis after debridement in limbs. Therefore, chronic osteomyelitis should not be regarded as a contraindication to one-stage allogeneic bone grafting. Renonuion, however, achieves a relatively high rate, especially in cases of segmental bone defect.
文摘Objective: To investigate the immune response in patients under persistent vegetative state (PVS) resulting from trauma. Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from 12 PVS patients (Group PVS)and individuals in normal control group by density gradient centrifugation; the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was then used to measure monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes before and after monocyte activation with either IFN-γ or LPS. Results: Compared with normal control group, the peripheral blood monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression in the Group PVC fell significantly in PVS patients (P< 0.001); the level of HLA-DR antigen expression on the monocyte surface rose notably after stimulation with either IFN-γ or LPS (P< 0.01). As for PVS patients, it was still difficult to restore to normal (P< 0.05).Conclusions: The level of HLA-DR antigen expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes in PVS patients decreases obviously. Therefore, the function of non-specific immunity in PVS patients is suppressed.
文摘Missed or neglected foreign bodies are not infrequent in surgical practice. This case report high- lights the fact that thorough clinical examination and de- tailed evaluation of trauma patients are very necessary so that any associated injuries or foreign bodies will not be missed and any unforeseen clinical or medico-legal complications can be prevented. We present a case of a 35-year- old male patient who had traumatic transfemoral amputation of the right lower limb with a clean laceration （size 2 cmx I cm） over the medial aspect of the left thigh. Radiographs suggested a single radioopaque foreign body which proved misleading, as during surgical removal multiple radiolucent and radiopaque foreign bodies were discovered.Postoperative ultrasound was performed and showed no retained foreign bodies. A secondary closure of the right thigh amputation was done and patient was discharged. At the last follow-up, 9 months after injury, the patient had no complaints, and both the amputation stump and the wound over the left thigh were healthy. Thus in the cases of re- tained foreign bodies, in addition to thorough clinical examination and radiography, ultrasonograpy should be supplemented. And if required, use of CT scan as well as MRI should be also considered.
