制造业向创造业转变的重庆样本——基于重庆创造业发展思路研究

创造业是制造业的发展方向,是提高我国制造业水平的关键。重庆作为重要的制造业基地,率先由制造业向创造业转变意义重大。首先提出课题研究背景,定义创造业并说明了制造业向创造业转变的意义;然后分析重庆制造业的现状,重点找出存在的问题;最后探索解决问题的对策并作出结论。

知识创造业与后工业化时代的产业升级趋势

知识产品是一种不同于货物和服务的经济产品,具有可以极低成本复制传输、长期反复使用和生产过程不可重复等特点。通过“制造活动知识产品化”“服务活动知识产品化”“软件类新型知识消费品崛起”“知识创造活动产业化”等途径,知识创造业在工业化后期得到迅猛发展,成为独立于三次产业的新兴产业门类。知识创造业增速持续超过GDP平均增速,以及制造业和服务业的平均增速,在美国、欧洲国家和中国都已经成为一种常态,其经济占比与国民收入水平密切相关且相关性显著高于服务业以及现代生产型服务业的代表——金融业。知识创造业的发展应成为后工业化时代产业升级的重要方向。

浅析生产制造业的渠道运行机理

营销渠道是营销组合(4Ps策略)的核心要素,也是现代企业提高市场竞争力的有效手段。因此理解渠道运作机理对于企业营销渠道的建立以及渠道策略的制定有着重要意义。文章阐述了生产制造业企业的营销渠道运行机理,着重分析了制造商的品牌和技术如何影响渠道运作。

It Takes Two to Tango： Entrepreneurship and Creativity in Troubled Times--Vietnam 2012

This study focuses on perceived values of entrepreneurship and creativity within a turbulent environment. The initial hypothesis is that a typical entrepreneurial process carries with its ＂creativity-enabling elements＂. In a normal situation, businesses focus on optimizing their resources for commercial gains, thus perceptions about values of entrepreneurial creativity are usually vague. However, in difficult times, the difference between survival and failure may be creativity. This paper examines many previous findings on entrepreneurship and creativity, and suggests a highly possible ＂organic growth＂ of creativity in an entrepreneurial environment and reinforcing value of entrepreneurship when creativity power is present. In other words, the authors see each idea reinforcing the other. The authors survey Vietnamese firms during the chaotic year of 2012 to learn about the ＂entrepreneurship-creativity nexus＂, looking at influential cultural values, namely risk tolerance, relationship, and dependence on resources--to assess how they influence entrepreneurial decisions. A set of 137 qualified responses was obtained for this statistical examination. A categorical data analysis is performed to confirm that creativity and entrepreneurial spirit could hardly be separate, for both entrepreneurial and accomplished companies. Although the most important factor during implementation is still ＂relationship＂, business people are increasingly aware of the need of creativity/innovation in troubled times.

Fostering Creativity and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy in Engineering Undergraduates： Curriculum Power and Context in One University of Technology

Through the Sequential Mixed Methods Approach, 24 final year power engineering students underwent 12 learnshops on creativity and entrepreneurship with an attempt to foster creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy among them. Pre- and post-test on creativity using Torrance＇s Test of Creativity （TTCT） and Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy questionnaires were used to determine the level of both creativity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy The findings of the study show that a significant leap in how teaching and learning takes place is necessary if we are to properly prepare students for the 21st century knowledge economy and that active participation, confidence and ideas generation taking place under teamwork and informal settings are a way forward and to harness the two constructs.

Functionally Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals as an Adsorbent for Anionic Dyes

Cellulose nanocrystal was modified with poly(N,N-diethylaminomethyl methacrylate) to prepare an adsorbent containing amine groups for removing anionic dyes from waste water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry(FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). The adsorption was affected by various factors, such as the contact time, adsorbent dosage, dye solution pH value, initial dye concentration, and ionic strength. The results revealed that amine functional groups mainly contribute to the adsorption of azo dyes(AO7). The adsorbent showed pseudo-secondorder adsorption kinetics, indicating that the dye molecules were chemisorbed on the adsorbent. The adsorption isotherm was found to fit better with the Langmuir isotherm model than with the Freundlich isotherm model.

Facile Fabrication of Conductive Paper-based Materials from Tunicate Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polydopamine-decorated Graphene Oxide

Conductive papers made from graphene and its derivatives are important for the development of electronic devices; however, elastomer-based matrices usually make it difficult for the conductive sheets to form continuous conductive networks. In this work, we used tunicate-derived cellulose nanocrystals （TCNC） instead of traditional elastomers as the matrix for polydopamine （PDA）-coated and reduced graphene oxide （GO） to prepare conductive paper, which, at a low concentration, were better for the formation of conductive networks from conductive sheets. It was found that the Young’s modulus of the conductive paper produced via this strategy reached as high as 7 GPa. Meanwhile, owing to the partial reduction of GO during the polymerization of dopamine, the conductivity of the conductive paper reached as high as 1.3×10-5 S/cm when the PDA-coated GO content was 1 wt%, which was much higher than the conductivity of pure GO （-4.60×10-8 S/cm）. This work provides a new strategy for preparing environmentally friendly conductive papers with good mechanical properties and low conductive fller content, which may be used to produce high-performance, low-cost electronic devices.

Innovation in the Manufacturing Sector： The Case of Serbia

The paper presents the results of research on innovation activities of manufacturing firms in Serbia. In order to answer the question how innovation takes place in one transition country, key influencing factors were identify （i.e., firm＇s size, age, ownership, industry sector, personnel qualifications and experience）. Based on the analysis of a sample comprising 73 firms, the study tried to highlight certain innovation barriers, which may have a negative impact on the total efficiency of economic performance, and growth and development of manufacturing firms in Serbia. Comparing overall innovation activities of Serbian firms to the other transition countries, it can be concluded that majority of the fhnns had innovation performances below the level EU-27. This study draws out the potential contributions to existing literature of managing innovation in Serbia.

Comparable Characterization of Nanocellulose Extracted from BleachedSoftwood and Hardwood Pulps

In this study, the characteristics of nanocellulose extracted from bleached softwood and hardwood pulps by formic acid hydrolysis followed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation were compared using transmission electron microscopy(TEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), Fourier transform infrared analysis(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA). The experimental results showed that the nanocellulose products derived from spruce pulp exhibited a relatively larger particle size, higher crystallinity, and higher thermal stability, compared with the corresponding products obtained from aspen pulp under the same conditions.Furthermore, the study helped establish that the properties of the nanocellulose products were highly dependent on the nature of the starting materials under identical processing conditions.

Additive Manufacturing： Is It a New Era for Furniture Production？

The purpose of this study is to make a review and or definition of AM （additive manufacturing）, and an evaluation of its use in furniture production within a few projects to provide industry-specific awareness. AM can be considered as one of the latest innovative processes, as a state-of-the-art development, in manufacturing industries. AM is expressed as the future of the products and localization of the manufacturing processes in some studies. Innovation is a key factor both for firms and consumer products or service output. And, in today＇s competitive environment, it compels all the partners for R ＆ D activities to provide technological development. But, all the partners come to a parting of the ways of disruptive or sustainable innovation. It can be said that furniture manufacturing by AM method is relatively new. Non-industrial use of the AM in furniture production can be stated as one of the latest innovative development. Thereby, this study reviews how AM is used to produce furniture within applied projects, which materials and methods are used for production and suggests its future impact.

Entrepreneurial Orientation,Knowledge creation process and New Product Development Performance

This paper analyzed the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development perlormance based on the perspective of knowledge creation process. Through a questionnaire survey, we found that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to new product performance, and knowledge creation process plays a mediating role in this relationship. This article examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation on new product innovation performance in Chinese situations, and it is the first time to check the intermediary functions on each dimension of knowledge test between entrepreneurial orientation and new product development performance.

The Relevance of Relationships in the Value Creation Process： Analysis of SCM in the Chemical-Pharmaceutical Sector

This work, through an empirical research （Jayaram, Kannan and Tan model）, aims at analysing, at the same time, the effect of ＂structural mechanisms＂ and ＂relationships building＂ factors on the value creation process in the Supply Chain. The two factors have been chosen among others, as they have been considered able to improve the internal and external processes of the firm and the Supply Chain, and in consequence, able to influence the value creation process of the Supply Chain Management. The research has been directed to the chemical and pharmaceutical sector of the Southern Lazio （Italy） and a factorial analysis, using the software SPSS （16.0） which has been performed in order to verify the influence of these factors in value creation process of the Supply Chain The outcomes confirm the positive contribute in the value creation process for companies that take care of the relationships among the stakeholders in the management process of the supply chain （the ＂relationships building＂ factor） and, in parallel with the analysis of the same process, the secondary role of the ＂structural mechanisms＂ factor has been highlighted.

Model of Value Based Innovation

The paper presents to managers＇ and scholars＇ reasons for using models to determine the strategic importance of innovation and its potential value creation. The model of value based innovation （VBI） provides a clear definition of the adequate value curve to be pursued in any innovation action, from strategic definition to operational product conceptualization and production. The VBI model has been applied in strategic planning in over 100 SMEs throughout Portugal and USA by the authors and other consultant companies. The VBI model provides the practitioners and scholars with a pragmatic tool to determine innovation＇s value creation. Connecting this information with strategic thinking and planning will reduce risk and avoid failure. The theoretical model when converted into a technological application provides an immediate insight into the most adequate strategic innovation to be chosen by top management and operational product developers. The paper demonstrates the relation between innovation and value creation.

On Cultivation of Higher Vocational Education Teachers

This thesis makes an analysis of the current situation of higher vocational education teachers, illustrates professional ability constitution of teachers engaged in higher vocational education, and discusses the approaches to cultivate young teachers. It finally arrives at a conclusion that in order to enable young teachers to grow into excellent higher vocational education teachers, there should be the cultivation of creativity of young teachers on the basis of cultivation of general ability and special ability; moreover, young teachers should be continuously encouraged, vocational education recognition be improved, and vocational education teachers construction be stabilized.

The Mode of Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Maker Space Based on ＂Intemet ＋＂——Take 36 Kr as an Example

The lnternet age has penetrated deeply into people＇s life. Some existing Intemet patterrrs can not meet the needs of consumers.With the development of ＂Internet ＋＂, the innovation and entrepreneurship of Internet are emerging. New electric business, incubator, maker space are becoming popular innovative modes and develop rapidly. In this paper, we will discuss the change of innovation and entrepreneurship under the＂ lnternet ＋＂ era by taking maker space 3 6 Kr as an example.

Innovative Business Modelsinthe Morden Media Industry

In the modem media industry, in addition to the traditional business model of proprietary products selling, there are a number of new business models that involve free distribution of whole products, or some parts of the products. The advantage of the open business model is in the value creation by a large community of developers, whereas the proprietary business model means a simpler form of value capture. However, open and closed business models can not exist in pure form： the proprietary model does not give enough space for innovation, while the open model gives insufficient opportunities for generating profit. An investigation of the problem of optimal business model choice at the monopolistic market indicates that the fully closed business model is less efficient than the model with the closed core and open extensions; it is profitable for any firm to open all of those ideas and technologies that can not be used without the base module; the completely open business model is optimal if and only if a substantial part of the consumer value is determined by additional services or innovative activity of the users.

Research on technology innovation capability of equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai

Equipment manufacturing industry is an important symbol to measure the industrial strength, scientific and technological innovation ability and international competitiveness of a country or region. Firstly, this paper analyzes the development status of equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai, and then uses DEA to analyze the efficiency of technology innovation capability of equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai. The results show that the equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai has stronger overall drawing ability, and besides, the technology innovation ability of the transportation equipment manufacturing industry is weak, other equipment manufacturing sub industries have relatively strong ability of technological innovation. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the transportation equipment manufacturing industry and gives guidance and puts forward corresponding suggestions and measures.

The understanding and thinking of vocational architectural sketch＇s teaching mode

This paper analyzes problems of the current vocational architectural art in the sketch teaching, for example the touch of teaching content and professional development, which lags bebind the development of architectural design professional and is not conducive to the development of students＇ creative, thinking. Articles combined with years of practical teaching experience, teaching on proposed architectural sketches observation and expression, skill and artistic accomplishment of physical form and structure of the combination is suitable to improve the professional development needs of architectural sketches teaching ideas.

Research on Training Mode and Mechanism of Economic Management Talents of ＂Innovation-Entrepreneurship Type＂

Innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a country. Only make full use of creative thinking, can society have a substantial development. Cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents for the society is an inescapable mission of colleges and universities. Entrepreneurship and innovation are conducive to China’s enterprises in many aspects of structural optimization. Talents with certain innovation ability can meet the requirements of social development. The colleges and universities are important bases for cultivating innovative talents which take it as a strategic task to cultivate innovation-entrepreneurship type talents. Nevertheless, most of the colleges and universities do not pay attention to innovation and entrepreneurship education and the teaching institutions should actively reform, and make full use of advanced information technology and train innovative talents. In this paper, we discuss the importance of training mode and mechanism of economic management talents with innovation-entrepreneurship type, and we put forward the direction of innovation and entrepreneurship education, at the same time, an innovative management mechanism should be established.